Ulubatisho Lwa Kwa Clovis ne Myaka 1,500 baKatolika Baba mu France

“ILI bomba lyalapuukila mwi shina lya kwa Papa,” e fyalembelwe pe bomba lya cabe cabe ilyasangilwe mu calici ca ku France umo Papa John-Paul II ali no kutandalila mu September 1996. Ici cali cishibilo ca kukanamufwaya icacitike pa kutandala kwakwe ukwalenga busano mu calo ca France. Nangu cali fyo, abantu nalimo 200,000 baile ku Reims umusumba wa mu France mu mwaka wine ulya ku kusefya imyaka 1,500 ukutula apo Clovis Imfumu ya ku France abelele Katolika. Bushe ni mfumu nshi iyi iya kuti ulubatisho lwa iko lwitwe ati ulubatisho lwa calo ca France? Kabili mulandu nshi uku kusefya kwaleteele ukukansana?

Ubuteko Bwalebwelela Inuma

Clovis umwana wa kwa Childeric I, imfumu ya baSali aba ku France, afyelwe nalimo mu 466 C.E. Ilyo baSali ba ku France baingilile abena Roma mu 358 C.E., uyu mukowa wafumine ku Germany wasuminishiwe ukwikala mu calo citwa pali lelo ati Belgium kulila fye balecingilila umupaka no kulapeela abashilika ku bena Roma. Icumfwano catendeke pa bena France na bena Roma calengele abena France basuka baba nga bena Roma. Childeric I aleumfwana na bena Roma, ukulwisha ukusansa kwa mikowa imbi ya bena Germany, pamo nga baVisigoth na baSaxon. Ici calengele ukuti abena France na bena Roma bamutemwe.

Umusumba wa bena Roma uwa Gaul watampiile pa mumana wa Rhine, ku kapinda ka ku kuso, ukufika ku Pyrenees, ku kapinda ka ku kulyo. Lelo, ilyo Aetius Mushika Mukalamba uwa bena Roma afwile mu 454 C.E., mu calo tamwali kateka. Icabipishe, kuwa kwa kwa Romulus Augustulus, kateka wa kulekelesha mu Roma, mu 476 C.E. ne mpela ya Buteko bwa bena Roma ubwa ku masamba kwalengele icimfulumfulu muli cilya citungu. Kanshi, umusumba wa Gaul wali nge citwalo capya icalelolela fye ukusabwa ku mukowa umo pali ilya yaikele mupepi ne mipaka ya uko. Te kuti tupape ukuti pa numa ya kupyana wishi, Clovis atendeke ukufwaya ukukusha ubufumu bwakwe. Mu 486 C.E., acimfishe umwiminishi wa kulekelesha uwa Roma mu Gaul mu bulwi bwabelele mupepi no musumba wa Soissons. Uku kucimfya kwamulengele ukukwata amaka pa mpanga yonse ukufuma pa mumana wa Somme, ku kapinda ka ku kuso, ukufika ku mumana wa Loire, na pa kati ka musumba wa Gaul e lyo na ku masamba ya uko.

Umwaume ali no Kuba Imfumu

Ukupusanako ne mikowa imbi iya ku Germany, abena France bali abasenshi. Lelo, icupo ca kwa Clovis kuli Clotilda, namfumu  umwina Burgundy, calikumine sana ubumi bwakwe. Apo Clotilda ali ni Katolika wakamamo na menshi, alikoselepo fye ukuti alule umulume wakwe. Ukulingana ne lyashi lya kale ilyalembelwe na Gregory wa mu musumba wa Tours mu mwanda wa myaka uwalenga 6 C.E., ni mu 496 C.E., ilyo Tolbiac (Zülpich, Germany) alelwa no mutundu wa bena Alemanni, e lyo Clovis alaile ukuleka ubusenshi nga ca kuti Lesa wa kwa Clotilda amulenga ukucimfya. Nangu ca kuti ifita fya kwa Clovis fyapene ficimfiwe, imfumu ya bena Alemanni yalipaiwe kabili ifita fya iko fyalicimbile. Clovis ena amwene ukuti Lesa wa kwa Clotilda e wamulengele ukuti acimfye. Ukulingana ne fyo bashimika, Clovis abatishiwe na Remigius “Umutakatifu” mu calici ca Reims, pa December 25, 496 C.E. Nalyo line, bamo batila ati cifwile cali ni mu 498 nelyo mu 499 C.E.

Amatukuto ya kwa Clovis ayakwesha ukupoka ubufumu bwa bena Burgundy ubwabelele pa kati ka kapinda ka ku kulyo na kabanga yalifililwe. Lelo alitungulwike muli lulu wakwe uwa kwimina baVisigoth, mu 507 C.E., abacimfishe pa Vouillé, mupepi na pa Poitiers, ukucimfya kwamulengele ukuba na maka pa mpanga yabela pa kati ka kapinda ka ku kulyo na masamba ya musumba wa Gaul. Ukumutasha pa fyo acimfishe, Kateka wa Buteko bwa ku Kabanga Anastasius, asontele Clovis ukuba shimucindikwa. Ici calengele ukuti acile imfumu shonse ishali ku masamba, kabili ubuteko bwakwe bwali bwa mwi funde ukulingana na bena France e lyo na bena Roma abaleikala pamo.

Ilyo atendeke ukuteka abena France baleikala mu fyalo fyali bushilya bwa mumana wa Rhine, Clovis apangile umusumba wa Paris ukuba umusumba wa bwangalishi. Mu myaka iinono iya kulekeleshako ilyo talafwa, akoseshe ubufumu bwakwe pa kulemba ifunde lyaleitwa ati, Lex Salica, kabili aitile intungulushi she calici mu Orléans ukulondolola umo Icalici no Buteko fyumfwana. Aleteka fye eka ifitungu fitatu ifya Gaul mpaka ne mfwa yakwe nalimo pa November 27, 511 C.E.

Icitabo ca The New Encyclopædia Britannica cisosa ati ukwaluka kwa kwa Clovis ukuba Katolika “e po ifintu fyayalukile mu milandu ya bena kale mu Bulaya bwabela lwa ku masamba.” Mulandu nshi ukwaluka kwa iyi mfumu iisenshi kwacindamine? Pantu Clovis asalile ukuba Katolika ukucila ukusumina muli bu Arius.

Ifikansa fya Bena Arius

Nalimo mu 320 C.E., Arius, shimapepo mu Alexandria, ku Egypt, atendeke ukwananya amano ayapya pa cisambilisho ca kuti kwaba balesa batatu muli umo. Arius alikene ukuti Umwana balilingana, nelyo ukuti aba cimo cine na Wishi. Umwana te kuti abe Lesa nelyo ukulingana na Wishi, pantu alilengelwe. (Abena Kolose 1:15)  Kumfwa ku mupashi wa mushilo, Arius asumine ukuti na o muntu ni co fye wena wacepako pali Wishi no Mwana. Ici cisambilisho, icaseekele sana, caletele ukukansana kwabipisha mu calici. Mu 325 C.E., pa Cilye ca Nicea, Arius alitamfiwe mu calo ne fisambilisho fyakwe fyalisuushiwe. *

Lelo, ici tacapwishishe ukukansana. Uku kukansana kwalitwalilile nalimo pa myaka 60, ica kuti na bakateka balepyanana balecita uyu abako kuli ulu lubali umbi na o ku lubiye. Kuli pele pele, mu 392 C.E., Kateka Theodosius I alengele buKatolika bwa orthodox pamo ne cisambilisho ca buko ica kuti kwaba Balesa Batatu muli umo ukuba imipepele ya Calo iya Buteko bwa Roma. Ilyo cali ifyo ninshi abena Goth balisangulwa ukuba abena Arius kuli Ulfilas, shikofu wa ku Germany. Imikowa imbi iya ku Germany yalyangufyenye ukupokelela uyu musango wa caleitwa ubuKristu. *

Pa nshita Clovis alipo, Icalici lya Katolika mu Gaul lyali mu bwafya. BaVisigoth abena Arius baleesha ukucincintila buKatolika pa kulesha ukupyanika bashikofu ilyo bafwa. Kabili, icalici lyalelwisha amalekano ya bashimapepo abali mu mabumba yabili abalelwila no kwipayanina pa cifulo ca bupapa mu Roma. Ukulunda pali ici cimfundawila, bakalemba bamo aba mu Katolika baleteleko icisambilisho ca kuti mu 500 C.E. e mo icalo cikapwa. Kanshi, ukwaluka kwa kucimfya umwina France ukuba Katolika kwamoneke ukuti cintu icisuma, icalebilisha ukwisa kwa “myaka ikana iipya iya batakatifu.”

Lelo bushe cinshi Clovis aimininepo? Nangu ca kuti alefwaya ukupepa, ukwabula no kutwishika aletontonkanya na pa mabuyo ya mapolitiki. Pa kusala ukuba mu Katolika, Clovis alishibikwe no kutemwikwa sana kuli baKatolika abena Gallo na bena Roma kabili alitungililwe ne ntungulushi she calici ishakwete sana amaka. Ici camulengele ukucila bonse abalelwisha icifulo ca bupolitiki. Icitabo ca The New Encyclopædia Britannica citila “ukucimfya kwakwe umusumba wa Gaul kwali ni nkondo ya kupoka ubuntungwa kwi koli lya bena Arius abaifwaile abene ifisumino.”

Bushe Clovis Ali Muntu wa Musango Nshi?

Pa kusefya kwabalilepo pa kwa mu 1996, shikofu mukalamba uwa ku Reims, Gérard Defois, alondolwele Clovis ukuti “alilingile libela no kutontonkanyapo bwino pa kwaluka kwakwe.” Lelo, kalemba wa lyashi lya kale umwina France Ernest Lavisse atile: “Ukwaluka kwa kwa Clovis takwayalwile imibele yakwe; imibele ya cikuku  ne ya mutende iisangwa mwi Landwe tayamufikile pa mutima.” Kalemba wa lyashi lya kale na umbi atile: “Ukucila ukuti alelomba kuli Odin [lesa wa baNorse], alombele kuli Kristu no kutwalilila mu mibele yakwe nga pe.” Nge fyali Constantine uwali Umwina Kristu, Clovis atendeke ukwipaya bonse abalemoneka ukutila kuti baisaimina ubufumu bwakwe. Aipeye “balupwa bakwe bonse na balya aba kulondolola fye.”

Ilyo Clovis afwile, batendeke ukupanga inshimi ishalemutatakula ukuti ali mutakatifu musuma ukucila ukuti ali umushilika umunkalwe. Ilyashi lya kwa Gregory wa ku Tour, ilyalembelwe nalimo imyaka 100 pa numa, limonwa ukuti lya kufwaya fye ukupashanya Clovis na Constantine, kateka wa kubalilapo umwina Roma ukuba “Umwina Kristu.” Kabili pa kutunga ukuti Clovis ali ne myaka 30 ilyo abatishiwe, cimoneka ukuti Gregory aleesha fye ukumupalanya kuli Kristu.—Luka 3:23.

Iyi imicitile yalitwalilile na mu mwanda wa myaka uwalenga 9 kuli Hincmar, shikofu wa mu Reims. Pa nshita amacalici yalecimfyanya mu nyendo sha mapepo, alembele ilyashi pali Remigius “Umutakatifu,” uwamupyene. Cimoneka ukuti ili lyashi lyalembelwe ku kufwaya ukuti icalici lyakwe lishibikwe sana no kuti abantu balitemwe sana no kuti likwate ifyuma ifingi nga nshi. Mu kulondolola kwakwe, inkunda yabuuta yaletele akabotolo ka mafuta ku kusuba Clovis pa nshita alebatishiwa—kwati filya cali kuli Yesu ilyo asubilwe no mupashi wa mushilo. (Mateo 3:16) Pa kulondolole fi, ico Hincmar alelandapo ni Clovis no kuteka kwakwe mu Reims, kabili alengele abantu ukusumina ukuti Clovis e wasubwa wa kwa Shikulu. *

Ukusefya Kwalengele Ukukansana

Uwali kale kateka wa ku France Charles de Gaulle inshita imo atile: “Mu kumona kwandi, ilyashi lya kale ilya France litendekela na Clovis, uwasalilwe ukube mfumu ya France ku mukowa wa bena France, abainike icalo ishina lyabo ilya France.” Lelo, te bonse batila ifi e fyo cali. Ukusefya kwa myaka 1,500 ukwa lubatisho lwa kwa Clovis kwaletele ifikansa. Mu calo umo Icalici no Buteko fyapatwilwe ukutula 1905, abengi basushishe Ubuteko pa kusefyako ifyo balemona ukuti kusefya kwa fya mapepo epela. Ilyo ubuteko bwa cikaya mu musumba wa Reims bwabilishe amapange yabo aya kushita icisebele ca kubomfya mu kutandala kwa kwa papa, akabungwe kamo kalengele uku kupingulapo ukusushiwa mu cilye ukuti takuleumfwana ne funde lya calo. Bamo batile icalici lyaleesha ukubwekeshapo ukupatikisha ifipimo fya liko na maka ya liko aya cimpelesha pa calo ca France. Icalundilepo ukufulunganya ukusefya, kupeela Clovis ishina lya kuti ali solwesolwe waletungilila akabungwe ka National Front e lyo na mabumba ya mu Katolika.

Bamo batile ukulingana ne lyashi lya kale uku kusefya takufwile ukuba ifi iyo. Batile ulubatisho lwa kwa Clovis, talwayalwile icalo ca France ukuba ica baKatolika, pantu kale kale iyi mipepele yali iyakosa mu bena Gallo na bena Roma. Kabili batile, ulubatisho lwakwe te lwalengele icalo ca France ukubako. Batile icalo ca France capangilwe ilyo ubufumu bwa kwa Charlemagne bwayakanike mu 843 C.E., ilyo Charles we Pala ali imfumu ya kubalilapo iya France, te Clovis iyo.

Imyaka 1,500 iya BuKatolika

Bushe imipepele ya baKatolika mu France ili shani pali lelo pa numa ya myaka ukucila pali 1,500, kabili apo ici caba e “Calici cakokwesha”?  Ukufuma kale ukwisafika na mu 1938, France e calo cakwete baKatolika babatishiwa abengi nga nshi pa fyalo fyonse. Ndakai e calenga 6, ifyalo pamo nga Philippines na United States e fikwete baKatolika abengi. Kabili nangu ca kuti mu France mwaba baKatolika amamilioni 45, abasangwa lyonse ku Minsa baba fye amamilioni 6. Ukufwailisha kwa ndakai pali baKatolika ba ku France kwasokolwele ukuti ukucilako panono pali hafu wa baKatolika muli cilya calo “balisuula icisambilisho ce calici pa lwa bucilende,” kabili abanono nga nshi pali aba, bamona Yesu ukuti “taba nangu cimo.” Ifi e fyalengele papa ilyo atandalile France mu 1980 ukwipusha ati: “Cinshi ico France wacita ku malayo yobe aya pa lubatisho?”

[Amafutunoti]

[Mapu pe bula 27]

(Nga mulefwaya ukumona mapu, moneni muli magazini)

BASAXONS

Umumana wa Rhine

Umumana wa Somme

Soissons

Reims

Paris

GAUL

Umumana wa Loire

Vouillé

Poitiers

PYRENEES

BAVISIGOTH

Rome

[Icikope pe bula 26]

Ifyo balenga Clovis alebatishiwa mu fyalembwa fya mu myaka ya ba 1300

[Abatusuminishe]

© Cliché Bibliothèque nationale de France, Paris

[Icikope pe bula 28]

Icipasho ce libwe lya kubasa ica lubatisho lwa kwa Clovis (icili pa kati) pa nse ye Calici lya mu Reims, ku France

[Icikope pe bula 29]

Ukutandala kwa kwa John Paul II ku France ku kusefya ulubatisho lwa kwa Clovis kwaletele ifikansa