Abena Waldo—Bacisanguka Baishileba BaProtestanti

Cali ni mu mwaka wa 1545 mu ncende yayemba iya Lubéron ku Provence, ku kapinda ka ku kulyo aka France. Imilalo yalilongene ku kucita icintu cabipisha pa mulandu wa kukanasuminisha amaipepele. Umulungu wakonkelepo kwali ukwipayaulula abantu.

IMISHI yalyonawilwe na bekashi baliketwe nelyo ukwipaiwa. Abashilika bakaluka balesongelekanya abantu mu kwipayaulula kwabipisha ukwalengele aba ku Bulaya ukuba no mwenso. Abaume nalimo 2,700 balipaiwe na bali 600 batuminwe ku kubombela mu fimaato, na banakashi na bana baliculile icine cine. Mushika mukalamba uwaleangalila uyu lulu wa kwipayaulula alitashiwe ku mfumu ya ku France na kuli papa.

Uku Kwaluka kale kale kwali na kupaatukanya Germany lintu Imfumu ya ciKatolika Francis I iya ku France, pa kusakamikwa pa lwa kwanana kwa buProtestanti, yafwailishe pa lwa aba baleita ati bacisanguka. Ukucila ukusanga abantu abanono abali bacisanguka, abalashi mu Provence basangile imishi yaiswilemo bacisanguka ba mipepele. Icipope ca kulofya aba bacisanguka calipeelwe kabili uku kwipayaulula kwacitike mu 1545.

Bushe aba bacisanguka bali ni bani? Kabili mulandu nshi imipepele ishalebafwaila?

Ukufuma ku Bukankaala Ukuya ku Bupiina

Balya abaipaiwe bali mwi bumba lya mipepele ilyatendeke mu mwanda wa myaka uwalenga 12 kabili ilyali mu ncende ishingi isha ku Bulaya. Inshila iyi mipepele yaanene no kutwalilila ukubako pa myaka iingi ilenga yaba iyaibela mu lyashi lya kukanaumfwana kwa ba mipepele. Bakalemba ba lyashi lya kale abengi batila ili bumba lyatendeke mu mwaka wa 1170. Mu musumba wa ku France uwa Lyons, shimakwebo umukankaala uwitwa Vaudès atendeke ukufwaya sana ukusambilila ifya kutemuna Lesa. Cimoneka kwati ukukonkomesha kwa kwa Yesu Kristu ukwa kuti umukankaala umo ashitishe ifipe fyakwe no kupeela ababusu kwafikile Vaudès pa mutima uyo wapekanishishe ulupwa lwakwe indalama sha kuliilamo no kupeela ifyuma fyakwe pa kuti atendeke ukushimikila Ilandwe. (Mateo 19:16-22) Mu kwangufyanya, aishilekwata  abakonshi abatendeke ukwitwa ati abena Waldo. *

Ubupiina, ukushimikila, na Baibolo fyali fintu Vaudès apooseleko amano. Ukuilishanya pa lwa bashimapepo abakankaala ni kale kwatendeke. Pa nshita iikalamba, abashalefwaya bashimapepo basushishe imicitile ye calici iya bufumfuntungu no kubomfya bubi bubi ubulashi. Lelo Vaudès aali muntu yaweyawe, nga fintu abakonshi bakwe abengi bali. E mulandu wine afwile amwene ukuti calekabilwa ukukwata Baibolo mu lulimi lwa bantu. Apo abalekwata fye Baibolo wa ciLatin uwe calici ni bashimapepo, Vaudès atile kube umulimo wa kupilibula Amalandwe na mabuuku yambi aya mu Baibolo mu cilimi ca Franco-Provençal, icilimi ico abantu yaweyawe aba ncende ya pa kati ka France iyabela ku kabanga baishibe. * Pa kukonka ifunde lya kwa Yesu ilya kushimikila, aba Abapiina ba ku Lyons baile baleshimikila ku cintubwingi. (Mateo 28:19, 20) Kalemba wa lyashi lya kale Gabriel Audisio alondolola ukuti umupampamina wabo uwa kushimikila ku cintubwingi wayalwile ifyo icalici lyalemona abena Waldo.

Ukufuma mu Katolika no Kuba Bacisanguka

Muli shilya nshiku, abaleshimikila fye bali ni bashimapepo, kabili icalici lyaleti e lyakwete insambu sha kusuminisha umuntu ukushimikila. Bashimapepo baleti abena Waldo tabasambilila, lelo mu 1179, Vaudès afwaile ukuti engapeelwa insambu sha kushimikila kuli Papa Alexander III. Alipeelwe insambu, lelo kulila fye bashimapepo bacikaya basuminisha. Kalemba wa lyashi lya kale Malcolm Lambert atila “ici cali cimo cine fye no kukaana.” Na cine, Shikofu Mukalamba Jean Bellesmains uwa ku Lyons alikeenye ukushimikila kwa bantu yaweyawe. Vaudès ayankwileko mu kwambula ilembo lya Imilimo 5:29 ilitila: “Tuli no kunakila Lesa ukucilo kunakila abantu.” Apo takonkele ici cibindo, Vaudès alitamfiwe mu calici mu 1184.

Nangu ca kuti abena Waldo balibatamfishe mu citungu ca kwa shikofu wa ku Lyons no kubatamfya mu musumba, cimoneka kwati ici cipope ca kubalilapo tacali sana na maka. Abantu abengi balekumbwa abena Waldo pa bufumacumi bwabo ne mikalile yabo, na bashikofu batwalilile ukulanda nabo.

Ukulingana na kalemba wa lyashi lya kale, Euan Cameron, cimoneka kwati aba abena Waldo abaleshimikila “tabalesuusha fye Icalici lya ciKatolika.” “Balefwaya fye ukushimikila no kusambilisha.” Bakalemba wa lyashi lya kale batila ili bumba lyalisangwike pa mulandu wa fipope ifyo fyacefeshe amaka yabo. Ukukanwa ne Calici kwalengele abena Waldo batamfiwa ku kabungwe ka Fourth Lateran Council mu 1215. Bushe ici cakumine shani ukushimikila kwabo?

Balabombela mu Bumfisolo

Vaudès afwile mu mwaka wa 1217, kabili ukupakasa kwapashile abakonshi bakwe  ababutukile ku mipokapoka ya Alpine iyaba mu France, ku Germany, ku kapinda ka ku kuso aka Italy na ku ncende yabela pa kati ka Bulaya na ku Kabanga. Na kabili ukupakasa kwalengele abena Waldo ukwikala mu mishi, kabili ici calengele ukuti beshimikila mu ncende ishingi.

Mu 1229 Icalici lya Katolika lyapwishishe Ukwipayaulula ukwa bena Cathari, nelyo abena Albigenses, ku kapinda ka ku kulyo aka France. * Nomba batendeke ukusansa Abena Waldo. Bonse abalesuusha icalici bali no Kulubulushiwa icabipisha. Umwenso walengele abena Waldo ukulabomba mu bumfisolo. Ilyo umwaka wa 1230 walefika ninshi balileka ukushimikila ku cintubwingi. Audisio alondolola ukuti: “Ukucila ukuya mu kufwaya abakonshi bapya . . . , baipeeleshe ku kusakamana abaalwilwe kale, ukukosha icitetekelo cabo te mulandu na mafya no kupakaswa.” Asosa no kuti “ukushimikila kwatwalilile ukuba ukwacindama lelo baleshimikila mu nshila imbi.”

Ifisumino Fyabo ne Micitile

Ukucila ukuleka abaume na banakashi ukushimikila, ilyo umwanda wa myaka uwalenga 14 walefika, abena Waldo bakwete abantu abaleshimikila na basumine fye mu fisumino. Abaume abakanshiwa bwino e balebomba umulimo wa bupasta. Aba abatumikishi baleenda batendeke ukwitwa ati ba barbes (bayama).

Aba ba barbes abaletandalila indupwa sha bena Waldo mu mayanda yabo, balebomba ku kulenga ili bumba ukutwalilila ukucila ukulenga likule. Aba ba barbes balishibe ukubelenga no kulemba, kabili ukukanshiwa kwabo ukwalesenda imyaka 6 kwali kwa fya mu Baibolo. Ukubomfya Baibolo wa mu cilimi cabo kwabafwile ukulondolwela umukuni Baibolo. Na balebakanya batile abena Waldo, pamo na bana babo, balekonka sana Baibolo kabili baleambula ifyebo ifingi mu Malembo.

Pa fintu ifyo abena Waldo ba kubalilapo bakene pali ukubeepa, umutwala, Iminsa ya bafwa, ukuti bapapa balalekelela imembu no kupepa Maria na “batakatifu.” Na kabili cila mwaka balesefya Umulalilo wa kwa Shikulu, nelyo Umulalilo wa Kulekelesha. Lambert asosa ukuti, ukupepa kwabo “kwali kupepa kwa bantu yaweyawe.”

“Ukukanaba no Mutima Umo”

Abena Waldo bali abapalamisha mu bwikashi bwabo. Abantu baleupila muli lilya line ibumba, kabili ilyo papitile imyaka iingi, ici calengele balakwata amashina ya bwina Waldo. Mu kwesha ukuti bengatwalilila, abena Waldo balefisa ifisumino fyabo. Ukukanasokolola ifisumino fyabo ifya mipepele ne micitile fyalengele abalebakaanya ukubatunganya icabipisha, ukusosa ku ca kumwenako ukuti balepepa Kaseebanya. *

Inshila imo iyo abena Waldo balecimfishamo uku kutunganishiwa yali kunashako ifisumino fyabo no kulacita ico kalemba wa lyashi kale Cameron eta ati “ukunakilako panono” ku mipepele ya baKatolika. Abena Waldo abengi baleyebelela kuli bashimapepo ba mu Katolika, balesangwa ku Minsa, balebomfya amenshi ya mushilo, no kuya pa nyendo sha mipepele. Lambert asosa ukuti: “Mu fintu ifingi balecita nga banabo baKatolika.” Audisio alandilapo fye ukuti mu kuya kwa nshita, abena Waldo “tabali no mutima umo.” Na kabili asosa ukuti: “Lubali lumbi, balecita kwati ni baKatolika ku kucingilila umutende wabo; lubali lumbi, balekonka impupo shimo ne micitile pa kuti ubwikashi bwabo bwingatwalilila.”

Ukufuma Kuli Bucisanguka no Kuba BaProtestanti

Mu mwanda wa myaka uwalenga 16, uku Kwaluka kwaalwile apakalamba imipepele ya  ku Bulaya. Abalesanswa pa mulandu wa kukanasuminisha amaipepele napamo balelembesha ku buteko mu calo cabo ukuti beshibikwe nelyo ukuya kumbi ukuliko bwino. Na kabili bucisanguka bwaile bulenashiwa pantu abantu abengi batendeke ukutwishika ifisambilisho fya mipepele.

Muli ba 1523, umuntu umo uwaletele Ukwaluka uwaishibikwa sana Martin Luther alilandilepo pa bena Waldo. Mu 1526 umo barbe umwina Waldo aletele kuli iyi ncende ya Alps imbila ya fyalecitika ku mipepele mu Bulaya. Pakonkele inshita ya kupandashanya amano pali baProtestanti na bena Waldo. BaProtestanti bakoseleshe abena Waldo ukutungilila umulimo wa kupilibula Baibolo umuku wa kubalilapo mu ciFrench. Iyi Baibolo yapulintilwe mu 1535, kabili baleita ati Baibolo ya Olivétan. Lelo ica kupapusha ca kuti abena Waldo abengi tabaishibe iciFrench.

Ilyo ukupakaswa kwi Calici lya ciKatolika kwaletwalilila, abena Waldo abengi baikele mu ncende mwaliko umutende mu Provence ku kapinda ka ku kulyo aka France, nga fintu cali kuli baProtestanti. Bwangu bwangu abalashi balibebele pa lwa uku kukuuka. Te mulandu na malyashi yasuma pa lwa mikalile ne mibele ya bena Waldo, abantu bamo batwishike bucishinka bwabo no kutila balepumfyanya umuyano. Icipope ca Mérindol califumine, icalengele ukuti kube ukwipayaulula kwabipisha ukulandilwepo mu kutendeka kwa cino cipande.

Ukumfwana pali baKatolika na bena Waldo kwatwalilile ukulacepa. Pa kuti baicingilile ku kusanswa, abena Waldo batendeke no kubomfya abashilika. Uku kukansana kwalengele bailunda kuli baProtestanti. E co abena Waldo batendeke ukubombela pamo na baProtestanti.

Mu kupita kwa myaka, amacalici ya bena Waldo yalimikwa mu fyalo pamo nga France na Uruguay na United States. Lelo, bakalemba ba lyashi lya kale abengi basuminishanya na Audisio, uusosa ukuti “abena Waldo bapwile pa nshita ya Kwaluka,” lintu “bailundile” kuli baProtestanti. Na kuba, ni kale sana abena Waldo balekele ukuba abapimpa. Ici cacitike lintu aba muli ili bumba ku mwenso bashile ukushimikila kwa mu Baibolo ne fisambilisho.

[Amafutunoti]

[Mapu ne Cikope pe bula 23]

(Nga mulefwaya ukumona mapu, moneni muli magazini)

Incende ukwali Abena Waldo

FRANCE

Lyons

PROVENCE

Lubéron

Strasbourg

Milan

Rome

Berlin

Prague

Vienna

[Icikope]

Abena Waldo batungilile umulimo wa kupilibula Baibolo ya Olivétan mu 1535

[Abatusuminishe]

Baibolo: © Cliché Bibliothèque nationale de France, Paris

[Ifikope pe bula 20, 21]

VAUDÈS

Ukoca abanakashi babili abakoloci abena Waldo

[Abatusuminishe]

Amabuula 20 na 21: © Landesbildstelle Baden, Karlsruhe