Satana Bushe wa Kwelenganya Nelyo Mubifi Uwabako Icine Cine?

UKUFUMA fye ku kale abobelwa no kutontonkanya balafwaisha ukwishiba ukwafuma ububi. Ulupapulo lwa kwa James Hastings, ulwa A Dictionary of the Bible, lutila: “Lintu umuntu atampile ukwishiba ifintu, asangile nashingwana na maka ayo ashakwetepo maka kabili ayalesonga icabipisha nelyo ukonaula.” Na kabili lutila: “Abantu ba mu kubangilila balefwaya icalelenga, kabili balemona ububi ne ncitilo shimbi ukuti bantu.”

Abasambilila ilyashi lya kale batila, ukusumina muli balesa, ifiwa ne fimipashi fibi kwatendekele ku Mesopotamia. Abena Babele ba pa kale basumine ukuti uwaleangalila icalo ca pa nshi, nelyo “ku muya bashibwela” ni Nergal, lesa wa lukaakala waishibikwe nga “uoca.” Kabili baletiina ifiwa, ifyo baleesha ukutemuna ukupitila mu kupanda amanga. Mu nshimi sha ku Egypt, Set ali ni lesa ciwa, “uwali cinama cakankala icakwete umona wapetama, amatwi ayapakalala no mucila uwakosa uwalepuka pabili ku mpela.”—Larousse Encyclopedia of Mythology.

Nangu abaGriki na bena Roma bakwete tulesa tusuma no twabipa, tabakwete lesa wapulilemo ukubipa. Aba mano babo balesambilisha ukuti kwaba balesa babili abapusana. Empedocles aleti bali ni Kutemwa na Bulwani. Plato aletila mu calo mwali “Imyeo” ibili, umo walecita ubusuma umbi ububi. Nga fintu Georges Minois ena alembele mwi buuku lyakwe ilitila Le Diable (Kaseebanya), ati, “mu imipepele ya cisenshi iya [bena Greece na bena Roma], tabaishibe Kaseebanya.”

Mu Iran, imipepele ya ciZoroastriani yasambilishe ukuti lesa musuma Ahura Mazda, nelyo Ormazd, e wabumbile Angra Mainyu, nelyo, Ahriman, uwasalile ukulacito bubi kabili abele Umupashi Ubi, nelyo Umonaushi.

Mu buYuda, balondolwele Satana nge Cibambe ca kwa Lesa uwaletele ulubembu. Lelo pa numa ya myanda ya myaka iingi, uko kulondolola kwalyonawilwe na mano ya cisenshi. Icitabo ca Encyclopaedia Judaica citila: “Ukwaluka kukalamba kwalicitike . . . mu myanda ya myaka ya kulekelesha kwa B.C.E. Pali iyi nshita imipepele ya [ciYuda] . . . yatendeke ukusumina ukuti kwaba balesa babili abalwishanya, umo Lesa na banku bakwe aba busuma ne cishinka balelwishanya mu muulu na pe sonde abanku ba maka yabi na ya bucenjeshi. Icalengele basumine fye cimoneka kwati kusonga kwa mipepele ya ku Persia. Icitabo ca The Concise Jewish Encyclopedia citila: “Baleicingilila ku [fibanda] pa kubaka amafunde no kufwale mpimpi.”

 Icisambilisho ca buKristu bwa Busangu

Nga fintu ubuYuda bwalesambilisha ifisambilisho ifishaba mu Baibolo pa lwa kwa Satana ne fibanda, Abena Kristu basangu batendeke amano yashili ya mu malembo. Icitabo ca The Anchor Bible Dictionary citila: “Icabipishe pa fyo balesambilisha mu mipepele iya bena kale ca kuti Lesa alubwile abantu bakwe pa kulipila Satana pa kuti abalekulukemo.” Uwatendeke ici cisambilisho ni Irenaeus (uwaliko muli ba 100 C.E.). Kabili calundulwilwe na Origen (uwaliko mu myaka ya ba 200 C.E.), uwasumine ukuti “kaseebanya ali ne nsambu pa bantu” kabili uwalemona “imfwa ya kwa Kristu nge cilubula capeelwe kuli kaseebanya.”—E fisosa icitabo ca History of Dogma, ica kwa Adolf Harnack.

Ukwambula icitabo ca The Catholic Encyclopedia, citila, “pa myaka nalimo 1,000, [icisambilisho ca kuti icilubula calipilwe kuli Kaseebanya] calilumbwike mu lyashi lya kale ilya mipepele,” kabili catwalilile ukuba icisumino ce calici. Bakalemba ba fye Calici bambi, pamo nga Augustine (uwaliko mu myanda ya myaka ya ba 300 na ba 400), balisumine icisambilisho ca kuti icilubula calipilwe kuli Satana. Lintu calefika mu myaka ya ba 1100 C.E., abasambilila ifya mipepele aba ciKatolika, Anselm na Abelard basondwelele ukuti ilambo lya kwa Kristu lyapeelwe kuli Lesa te kuli Satana iyo.

Ukutiine Mipashi kwa Bena Kale

Nangula ifilye fye calici lya ciKatolika tafyalelandapo sana pali Satana, mu 1215 C.E., Icilye ca Lateran icalenga bune calandile pa co icitabo ca New Catholic Encyclopedia cita “ukubilisha kwakakala ukwa citetekelo.” Ifunde lyalenga 1 litila: “Kaseebanya ne fibanda fimbi babumbilwe abasuma na Lesa, lelo mu kuifwaila abene basangwike ababi.” Lisosa no kuti balabombesha ukutunka abantu. Abantu abengi abaikeleko mu 500 C.E. ukufika mu 1500 C.E., balicetekele ici calekeleshako. Satana e walengele fimo ifyeni ifyalecitika, pamo nga ukulwala kushaishibikwe intulo, imfwa ya kupumikisha, nelyo ubusomboshi bwabipa. Mu 1233 C.E., Papa Gregory IX apangile amafunde ya kulwisha abapondokele cisumino, ukupala bamalaika bapondweke, no kuba bakapepa ba kwa Kaseebanya.

Ukusumina ukuti abantu batekwa na Ciwa nelyo ifibanda fyakwe bwangu bwangu kwalengele kube ukutiina sana ubuloshi. Ukufuma mu mwanda wa myaka uwalenga 13 ukufika ku walenga 17, uku kutiina ubuloshi kwafikile ku Bulaya na ku North America na batweleko uyu mwenso bena Bulaya abalefwaya ifyalo fya kuteka. Nangu ni ntungulushi sha ciProtenstanti Martin Luther na John Calvin balisuminishe imilimo ya bamucapi. Mu Bulaya kwali imilandu ya buloshi nga umo bamutunganya fye kabili kwaleba ukupingwila abaloshi imfwa mu Filye fya milandu finono ne fikalamba. Ilingi line balelungulusha abantu pa kupatikisha ukusumina “umulandu.”

Abalesangwa no mulandu balepingulwa ukocewa nelyo, ukubakulika, mu England na Scotland. Icitabo ca The World Book Encyclopedia cisosa pa lwa mpendwa ya baleipaiwa ati: “Abasambilila ilyashi lya kale bamo basosa ukuti, ukufuma mu 1484 ukufika mu 1782, Icalici lya buKristu lyaipeye abanakashi 300,000 pa mulandu wa buloshi.” Nga Satana e walengele aka kayofi kabipa, ni bani alebomfya—abaleipaiwa nelyo bakapakasa bacilamo aba mipepele?

 Ico Basumina ne co Bashasumina Nomba

Mu myaka ya ba1700 amano yashintililwapo ayaleitwa ukuti Ukubuutushiwa yaliseekele sana. Icitabo ca Encyclopædia Britannica citila: “Amano ya ba pano nse ne fya mapepo aya Kubuutushiwa yalibombeshe ukufumya muli kampingu wa Bwina Kristu icisumino ca fyo ciwa alelondololwa mu nshimi sha bena Kale.” Icalici lya Roma Katolika lyalibombelepo pali ci no kukosha na kabili icisumino cabo pali Satana Kaseebanya pa Cilye ca Kubalilapo mu Vatican mu (1869 ukufika mu 1870), ukucila ukunashako bakomailepo cimo cine pa Cilye ca Bubili ku Vatican mu (1962 ukufika mu 1965).

Ukulingana ne funde, nga fintu icitabo ca New Catholic Encyclopedia cisosa, “Icalici lyasumina ukuti kwaliba bamalaika ne fibanda.” Lelo, dikishonari ya ciFrench iya ciKatolika iitwa Théo, isosa ukuti “Abena Kristu abengi ilelo tabasumina ukuti ububi mu calo bulengwa na kaseebanya.” Mu myaka ya nomba line abasambilila ifya mipepele aba ciKatolika nabasakamana sana pali ci, atemwa ukutungilila icifundisho ca ciKatolika icacindikwa nelyo imitontonkanishishe ya ndakai. Encyclopædia Britannica itila: “Amasambililo ya fya buKristu yatila ifyo Baibolo ilanda pali Satana ‘fya kwelenganya’ te fya cine cine—lelo ni nshimi shilondolola bucine no kufula kwa bubi mu bubumbo bonse.” Pali baProtestanti, icitabo cimo cine cisosa ukuti: “BuProtestanti bwa ndakai ubushikosha mafunde buleesha ukukanasumina muli Kaseebanya ngo muntu.” Lelo bushe Abena Kristu ba cine bafwile ukumona ifyo Baibolo ilandapo pali Satana nge “fya kwelenganya” fye?

Ifyo Amalembo Yasambilisha

Amano ya bantunse na masambililo ya mipepele tayalondolola bwino ukwafuma ububi nga fintu Baibolo ilondolola. Ifyo Amalembo yalanda pali Satana fyalicindama pa kumfwikisha ukwafuma ububi no kucula kwa bantunse, no mulandu ulukaakala lwabipisha lubipilako cila mwaka.

Bamo kuti baipusha ukuti: ‘Nga Lesa ni Kabumba musuma kabili uwa kutemwa, mulandu nshi engabumbila icibumbwa ca mupashi cibifi pamo nga Satana?’ Baibolo yalibika icishinte ca kuti imilimo yonse iya kwa Yehova Lesa yalipwililika no kuti ifibumbwa fyonse ifya mano alifipeela amaka ya kuisalila. (Amalango 30:19; 32:4; Yoshua 24:15; 1 Ishamfumu 18:21) E ico, umuntu wa mupashi uwaishileba Satana, afwile abumbilwe uwapwililika lelo ku mufulo asalilepo ukupetuka ukufuma ku cine no bulungami.—Yohane 8:44; Yakobo 1:14, 15.

 Mu nshile shingi, imicitile ya bucipondoka iya kwa Satana yapalene ne ya “mfumu ya Turi,” iyalondololwa mu mashiwi ya nshintu ngo “musuma ku kuyemba” kabili ‘uwa mpomfu mu mibele yakwe ukutula pa bushiku bwa kulengwa kwakwe, kwasuka kwasangwa muli wene ubupondamishi.’ (Esekiele 28:11-19) Satana talelwisha ukupulamo kwa kwa Yehova nelyo Bukabumba bwakwe. Kuti abulwisha shani, apo abumbilwe na Lesa? Nangu cibe fyo, Satana alesonsomba inshila Yehova aletekelamo. Mwi bala lya Edene, Satana atungile ukuti Lesa atanine abaupana babili aba kubalilapo icintu cimo ico bakwete insambu ya kukwata kabili apo ubumi bwabo bwashintilile. (Ukutendeka 3:1-5) Alitungulwike ukulenga Adamu na Efa ukupondokela bumulopwe bwalungama ubwa kwa Yehova, ukuleta ulubembu ne mfwa pali bene no bufyashi bwabo. (Ukutendeka 3:6-19; Abena Roma 5:12) E ico, Baibolo ilangilila ukuti Satana e ntulo ine ine iya kucula kwa bantunse.

Inshita imo pa ntanshi ya Lyeshi, bamalaika bambi bailundile kuli Satana muli bucipondoka bwakwe. Bafwele imibili ya buntunse pa kwikusha ukufwaisha kwa kwampana kwa bwaume no bwanakashi na bana banakashi ba bantu. (Ukutendeka 6:1-4) Lintu Ilyeshi lyaishile, aba bamalaika bafutwike babwelelemo mu bwikashi bwa mipashi lelo te “mu ncende yabo” na Lesa mu muulu. (Yuda 6) Bapooselwe mu mibele ya mu mfifi ya ku mupashi. (1 Petro 3:19, 20; 2 Petro 2:4) Basangwike ifibanda, balekele ukubombela bumulopwe bwa kwa Yehova lelo batendeke ukunakila Satana. Nangula pali ino nshita te kuti fisanguke mu buntunse na kabili, ifiwa kuti fyasonga nga nshi imitontonkanishishe ne mikalile ya bantunse, kabili ukwabula ukutwishika e filenga ulukaakala lwafulisha tukumanya ilelo.—Mateo 12:43-45; Luka 8:27-33.

Impela ya Kuteka kwa kwa Satana Naipalama

Nacimonekesha ukuti amaka yabi yalabomba mu calo ilelo. Umutumwa Yohane alembele ati: “Pano isonde ponse palaala mu maka ya Mubifi.”—1 Yohane 5:19.

Lelo, ukufikilisha kwa kusesema kwa mu Baibolo, kulangilila ukuti Kaseebanya alelumya amalanda pe sonde pantu alishiba ukuti ali ne “nshita inono fye” ilyo talakakwa. (Ukusokolola 12:7-12; 20:1-3) Lintu ubuteko bwa kwa Satana bukapwa pakapyana icalo cipya ica bulungami, umo ukuloosha, imfwa, no kucululuka ‘tafyakabeko kabili iyo.’ Lyene, ukufwaya kwa kwa Lesa “[kukacitwa] pano nse nga mu muulu.”—Ukusokolola 21:1-4; Mateo 6:10.

[Ifikope pe bula 4]

Abena Babele basumine muli Nergal (uuli akatalamukila ku kuso), umulungu wa lukaakala; Plato (uuli ku kuso) asumine ukuti kwaba “Imyeo” ibili iyilwishanya

[Abatusuminishe]

Cylinder: Musée du Louvre, Paris; Plato: National Archaeological Museum, Athens, Greece

[Ifikope pe bula 5]

Irenaeus, Origen, na Augustine basambilishe ukuti icilubula calipilwe kuli Kaseebanya

[Abatusuminishe]

Origen: Ifikope fya nkunda; Augustine: Ukufuma mu citabo ca Great Men and Famous Women

[Icikope pe bula 6]

Ukutiine ndoshi kwalengele imyanda ya makana ya bantu ukwipaiwa

[Abatusuminishe]

Ukufuma mu citabo ca Bildersaal deutscher Geschichte