Tatian—Bushe Aali ni Ndubulwila Nelyo Umusangu?

KU KUPWA kwa lwendo lwalenga butatu ulwa bumishonari, umutumwa Paulo alongenye abakalamba ba mu cilonganino ca mu Efese. Abebele ati: “Ninjishiba ukuti ilyo nkafumapo imimbulu ya kutakanya ikengila muli imwe kabili tayakatentembe umukuni, kabili muli imwe bene mukema abantu abakalalanda ifyapotama ku kukula abasambi babakonke.”—Imilimo 20:29, 30.

Nge fyasobele Paulo, imyaka ya muli ba100 C.E. yaishileba inshita ya kwaluka kabili iya busangu bwasobelwe. Imipepele yaseekele iya ciGnostic, iya mano ya bantunse iyakoweseshe icitetekelo ca basumina bamo, yalelunduluka. Aba mipepele ya ciGnostic basumine ukuti ifya ku mupashi e fyali fisuma lelo ifya ku mubili fya bubifi. Pa kupelulula ukuti ifya ku mubili fyonse fya bubifi, balekaana ukuupa no kufyala bana, pantu baleti Satana e katendeka wa ifi. Bamo bamo muli bene basumine ukuti inshila umuntu abomfeshamo mubili wakwe tacaba na mulandu, pantu ifya ku mupashi fye e fyali fisuma. Imitontonkanishishe ya musango yu yatungulwile ku mikalile yacilamo, napamo iya butukami nelyo iya kuipoosaika. Ukutunga kwabo ukwa kuti ipusukilo lyali no kubako fye ngo muntu aishiba inkama ya ciGnostic, nelyo ngo muntu aishiba umwine, kwafumishepo kwishiba icine ca mu Cebo ca kwa Lesa.

Bushe abaleti Bena Kristu bayankwile shani ku cintiinya ca ba mipepele ya ciGnostic? Abasambilila bamo balwishishe fifundisho fya bufi, lelo bambi balikuliilwe ku lubali lwa baGnostic. Ku ca kumwenako, Irenaeus, aishiletendeka ukulwisha ifisambilisho fya busangu mu bumi bwakwe bonse. Asambilishiwe na Polycarp, uwali e muntu waliko mu nshita ya batumwa. Polycarp ale-eba abantu ukukakatila ku fifundisho fya kwa Yesu Kristu na batumwa bwakwe. Nangu cibe fyo, Florinus cibusa kwa Irenaeus aongwelwe ku fifundisho fya kwa Valentinus, uwali umukalamba wa baGnostic, nangu ca kuti na o asambilishiwe na Polycarp. Shilya nshiku shali ishayafya icine cine.

Ifyalembwa ifilondolola pa mitontonkanishishe yaliko ilya nshita, fya kwa Tatian, kalemba walumbuka uwa muli ba100 C.E. Bushe Tatian aali muntu wa musango nshi? Atendeke shani ukuitunga ukubo Mwina Kristu? Kabili bushe Tatian acitile shani pa busangu bwaliko ubwa ciGnostic? Inshila ayasukilemo aya mepusho ne ca kumwenako aasha fyaba lisambililo lyacindama ku bafwaya icine ilelo.

Ukubelenga “Ifyalembwa Fimbi Fimbi”

Tatian aali mwina Suria. Aishibe bwino imikalile ya baGriki ne ya bena Roma ba ilya  nshita pantu alisabente sana no kubelenge ifitabo ifingi. Tatian aishile ku Roma ngo mutandashi walelanda na bantu pa cintubwingi. Lelo, ilyo aali mu Roma, aishilealukila ku buKristu. Atampile ukubishanya na Justin Martyr, napamo no kusanguka umusambi wakwe.

Ukwabula no kufisako fimo pa fyo aishilesanguka Umwina Kristu, Tatian atila: “Nalefwaya inshila ya kusangilamo icine.” Ilyo alelanda pa cacitike pa nshita ashukile ukubelenga Amalembo, atile: “Naishilebelenga ifyebo fimbi fimbi, ifyali fya kale sana nga kulinganya ku mitontonkanishishe ya baGriki, kabili ifyapuulama ica kuti teti filinganishiwe ku filubo fya baGriki; kabili nanashiwe ku kutetekela ifi fyebo pantu fyalembelwe mu lulimi lwayanguka, bakalemba bali abafumaluka, mwali ukwishibila libela pa fishilacitika, fishinte fyali ifyapuulama, no kubilisha kwa kamfulumende ya bubumbo bonse iyashimpwa mu Muntu umo.”

Tatian tashingashingile ukulaalika abanankwe ukubebeta ubuKristu bwaliko lilya pa kuti bamone ifyo bwayangwike ukucila imfifi yali mu busenshi. Cinshi twingasambililako ku fyalembwa fyakwe?

Cinshi Ifyalembwa Fyakwe Fisokolola?

Ifyalembele Tatian fisokolola ukuti aali ndubulwila, kalemba uupokolola icitetekelo cakwe. Apatile cibi amano ya pano nse aya basenshi. Mwi buuku alembele ilitila Address to the Greeks, Tatian alanda mu kukosa pali bu ca fye bwa fisumino fya cisenshi no busuma bwa buKristu bwa ilya nshita. Inshila alumbwilamo imisuula ya mikalile ya baGriki yaliluma icine cine. Ku ca kumwenako, ilyo alembele pa wa mano ya pano nse umo uwe shina lya Heracleitus, atile: “Imfwa ya uyu muntu yalangishe ubutumpe bwakwe; ilyo alwele ulusuku aishingaike citindi wa ng’ombe umubili fye onse, pantu e fyo asambilile mu fya miti miti na mu fya mano ya pano nse, kabili ilyo citindi aile aleuma, umubili wakwe onse walitunkene, ica kuti walilepawilwe mu tupimfya, kabili e fyo afwile.”

Tatian acindikishe ukusumina muli Lesa umo, Kabumba wa fintu fyonse. (AbaHebere 3:4) Mu citabo ca Address to the Greeks, atila Lesa “Mupashi” no kuti: “Wene eka fye e ushakwata ntendekelo, kabili Umwine Wine e ntendekelo ya fintu fyonse.” (Yohane 4:24; 1 Timote  1:17) Pa kusuusha ukubomfya ifipasho mu kupepa, Tatian alembele ati: “Nga kuti nalanda shani pa nkuni na mabwe ukuti ni balesa?” (1 Abena Korinti 10:14) Asumine ukuti Cebo, nelyo Logos, aishileba ibeli lya milimo ya kwa Shifwe uwa mu muulu na pa numa abomfiwe mu kubumba fyonse. (Yohane 1:1-3; Abena Kolose 1:13-17) Ilyo alandile pa kubuuka ku bafwa pa nshita yasontwa, Tatian atile: “Twasumina ukuti kukaba ukubuuka ku bafwa ukwa fitumbi pa numa ya mpela ya fyonse.” Ilyo alandile pa mulandu tufwila, Tatian alembele ati: “Tatwabumbilwe ukuti tulefwa, lelo tulafwa pa mulandu wa kuiletelela fye fwe bene. Ubuntungwa bwa kuisalila e bwatonaula; fwe baali abantungwa twaisaba abasha; twashitishiwe ukupitila mu lubembu.”

Ubulondoloshi bwa kwa Tatian pa mweo bulafulunganya. Atila: “Mwe baGriki, umweo uwine weka tawaba ushifwa, lelo ulafwa. Na lyo line kuti cacitika umweo ukukanafwa. Nga cine cine umweo tawaishiba icine, ulafwa, kabili ubolela pamo no mubili, lelo wima na kabili pa mpela ya calo pamo no mubili, ku kulimunwa kwa pe na pe.” Umo Tatian aloseshe pa kulanda aya mashiwi tacaishibikwa bwino. Bushe kuti caba ukuti ilyo alebaka ififundisho fimo ifya Baibolo, alefwaya no kusenaminwa kwa fibusa akwete ne ci calengele asundule icine ca mu Malembo ku mano ya pano nse aya basenshi?

Ibuuku limbi ilyalumbuka ilya kwa Tatian ni Diatessaron, nelyo Harmony of the Four Gospels (Ukwikatana kwa Malandwe Yane). Tatian e wabalilepo ukulembela ifilonganino fya mu Suria Amalandwe mu lulimi lwabo. Ifyo alembele fyalicindikwe sana, akumbinkenye Amalandwe yonse yane mu bulondoloshi bumo. Fyalebomfiwa ne Calici lya ku Suria.

Bushe Aali Mwina Kristu Nelyo Umusangu?

Ukubebete fyalembele Tatian kusokolola ukuti alishibe Amalembo kabili aliyacindike. Alembele pa fyo yamulengele ukuba ati: “Nshifwaisha ukuba uwa cuma; nshifwaya kuba umushilika; nalipata ubulalelale; tacinshupa ku mutima pa kuti ntemwe ubunonshi bwa nsoni ica kuti nailapo na pali bemba; . . . Nalilubuka ku kufwaisha ukulumbuka . . . Kwaba fye akasuba kamo kuli bonse, ne mfwa imo kuli bonse, nampo nga baleikala bwino nelyo iyo.” Tatian akonkomesha ati: “Sheni icalo, suuleni ubuwelewele bwabamo. Ikalileni ukubombela Lesa, na pa kunonka ukwishiba pali wene mufuule ubuntu bwa kale.”—Mateo 5:45; 1 Abena Korinti 6:18; 1 Timote 6:10.

Nangu cibe fyo tontonkanyeni pa fyalembele Tatian mwi buuku litila On Perfection According to the Doctrine of the Savior. Muli ili buuku atila Kaseebanya e watendeke icupo. Tatian alesuusha sana icupo, pantu aleti kuilenga ubusha ku calo cileloba.

Cimoneka kwati mupepi na 166 C.E., pa numa ya mfwa ya kwa Justin Martyr, Tatian atendeke icakaniko ca butukami nelyo ukubishanya na bo balekumbinkanya ubuKristu no buStoic abo baleti baEncratites. Abalepepako baletontomesha pa butukami bwine bwine no kulama umubili. Ubutukami baleikala bwasanshishemo ukutaluka ku mwangashi, ku cupo, na ku kukwata ifipe.

Isambililo Twingasambililako

Mulandu nshi Tatian apasuukile fi ukufuma ku Malembo? Bushe aali ni “komfwa wa cilafi?” (Yakobo 1:23-25) Bushe Tatian afililwe ukukaana amalyashi ya bufi no kumulenga ukubomfya amano ya pano nse? (Abena Kolose 2:8; 1 Timote 4:7) Apo ifilubo alesambilisha fyali fikulu, shi napamo alilwele umutima?

Te mulandu ne calengele, ifyalembele Tatian ne ca kumwenako cakwe fitupeela icitontonshi ca fyo imipepele yali mu nshiku shakwe. Filangilila ifyo mano ya pano nse yengaba aya bonaushi. Shi natumfwile ukusoka kwa mutumwa Paulo ukwa kutaluka “ku milandile ya fye iikowesha ica mushilo na ku fya kupilika ifya cintu ca bufi iciitwa ‘ukwishiba.’”—1 Timote 6:20.