Bushe Akabokoshi Kashulilwe Bushininkisho bwa Kuti Yesu E ko Ali?

KU NKUPO ya magazini wa Biblical Archaeology Review (November/December 2002) kwali amashiwi yaleti: “Ubushininkisho bwa kuti Yesu e ko ali bwalilembwa mwi bwe.” Pali iyo nkupo pali icikope ca kabokoshi ka mafupa ake bwe lya mpemba akasangilwe mu Israele. Utu tubokoshi twa mafupa twalibomfiwe sana ku baYuda pa nshita inono pa kati ka mwanda wa myaka uwa kubalilapo B.C.E. na 70 C.E. Icalengele sana sana aka kabokoshi ukucindama, mashiwi yalembelwe mu ciAramaiki ku lubali lwa kako. Abasoma balisumina ukuti amashiwi yalembwapo yatila: “Yakobo, mwana Yosefe, munyina Yesu.”

Ukulingana na Baibolo, Yesu umwina Nasarete alikwete munyina uwaleitwa Yakobo mwana Yosefe, muka Maria. Ilyo Yesu Kristu asambilishe mu mushi wa ku mwabo, ibumba lyasungwike lyaipwishe ati: “Bushe uyu te mwana wa kwa kabasa? Bushe nyina te witwa Maria, na bamunyina te Yakobo na Yosefe na Simone na Yuda? Ne nkashi shakwe, bushe tashaba na ifwe shonse?” (Mateo 13:54-56; Luka 4:22; Yohane 6:42)

Ca cine, amashiwi yalembwa pa kabokoshi ka mafupa yalingana ne fyo Yesu umwina Nasarete alondololwa. André, Lemaire, incenshi ya fyalembwa fya kale kabili uwalembele icipande tulumbwile kale icali muli magazini wa Biblical Archaeology Review atile, nga ca kuti Yakobo walumbulwa muli aya mashiwi ali ni munyina citika wa kwa Yesu Kristu, lyene ubu kuti bwaba “e bushininkisho bwa kale sana ubwa kuti Yesu e ko ali ubushili bwa mu Baibolo lelo ubwafuma ku fyashulwa.” Hershel Shanks, kalemba wa uyu magazini atile akabokoshi ka mafupa “cintu twakwata kabili icimoneka icabapo ukutula pa nshita umuntu wacindamisha ali pe sonde.”

Lelo, amashina yonse yatatu ayalembwa pa kabokoshi ka mafupa yaliseekele mu mwanda wa myaka uwa kubalilapo. E co, napamo kwali ulupwa lumbi umwali Yakobo, Yosefe, na Yesu, aya mashina tayali fye mu lupwa lwa kwa Yesu Kristu. Lemaire atunganya ati: ‘Mu Yerusalemu mu nkulo shibili ilyo 70 C.E., ishilafika, napamo mwali . . . abantu 20 abengetwa ati “Yakobo mwana Yosefe munyina Yesu.”’ Na lyo line, atile Yakobo walembwa pa kabokoshi ka mafupa afwile ukuba ni munyina citika wa kwa Yesu Kristu.

Kuli na cimbi icilenga bamo ukusumina ukuti Yakobo walembwa pa kabokoshi ka mafupa ali ni munyina citika wa kwa Yesu Kristu. Nangu line caliseekele ukulumbula wishi wa mufwe pali uto tubokoshi, tacaseekele ukulumbula ishina lya kwa munyina. E co,  abasoma bamo basumina ukuti uyu Yesu afwile ali muntu uwacindama, icalengele bene ukutontonkanya ukuti ali ni Yesu Kristu, uwatendeke ubuKristu.

Bushe Akabokoshi ka Cine Cine?

Akabokoshi ka mafupa e cinshi? Kabokoshi balebikamo amafupa ya muntu uwafwa umubili nga wabola mu ninga baleshiikamo abantu. Utubokoshi twa mafupa utwingi baletwiba mu ninga baleshikamo abantu mu Yerusalemu. Akabokoshi kalembelwepo Yakobo kafumine pa mushiika bashitishapo ifya ku kale, te pa nshishi yaishibikwa bwino. Umwine wa kalya kabokoshi ka mafupa atile ashitile kene pa madola yanono muli ba 1970. E ico, ukwafuma aka kabokoshi ka mafupa takwaishibikwa bwino. Profesa Bruce Chilton uwa ku Bard College, mu New York, atile: “Nga tamwaishiba ukwafumine aka kabokoshi na kuntu kali pa myaka mupepi na 2,000, te kuti mwishibe ifyo kaampana na balumbulwa pali kene.”

Pa kumona nga ca kuti kashulilwe fye, André Lemaire atumine akabokoshi ku Geological Survey of Israel. Abafwailisha kulya balisumine ukuti akabokoshi ka mafupa kapangilwe ne libwe lya mpemba ilya mu mwanda wa myaka uwa kubalilapo no wa bubili C.E. Batile “tapali icili conse icalangile ukuti balibomfeshe icisolobelo nelyo icibombelo ca muno nshiku.” Na lyo line, abasoma Baibolo abaipushiwe kuli The New York Times basosele ati “ifishinka ifileampaanya aka kabokoshi kuli Yesu fyalemoneka ukukosa, lelo tafili bushininkisho bwine bwine.”

Magazini wa Time atile “mupepi na basambilila bonse fye shino nshiku tabatwishika ukuti Yesu e ko ali.” Na lyo line, abengi batontonkaya ukuti kufwile ukuba ubushininkisho bwa mu Baibolo no bushili bwa mu Baibolo. Bushe ifyashulwa e fifwile ukulenga umo ukusumina muli Yesu Kristu? Bushinino nshi twakwata ubwa kuti “umuntu wacindamisha pali bonse e po ali pe sonde?”

[Abatumtuminishe Ukubofya Ifikope Fili pe bula 3]

Ku kuso, Akabokoshi ka mafupa ya kwa Yakobo: AFP PHOTO/J.P. Moczulski; ku kulyo, amashiwi yalembwapo: AFP PHOTO/HO