Coverdale Uwapilibwile Baibolo Yonse mu CiNgeleshi iyo Babalilepo Ukupulinta

MULI Baibolo babalilepo ukupulinta mu ciNgeleshi tamwali ishina lya muntu uwaipilibwile. Uwapilibwile iyi Baibolo ni Miles Coverdale kabili baipulintile mu 1535. Pali iyi nshita, cibusa wakwe William Tyndale balimukakile mu cifungo pa mulandu wa kupilibula Baibolo. Mu mwaka wakonkelepo, Tyndale balimwipeye.

Pa kupilibula amalembo yamo, Coverdale abomfeshe Baibolo iyo Tyndale apilibwile. Lelo bushe cali shani pa kuti Baibolo iyo Coverdale apilibwile ipulintwe ukwabula ukuti bamwipaye libe ninshi bakapilibula bambi aba Baibolo balebepaya? Finshi fyafumine mu fyo Coverdale abombele?

Atendeka Ifya Mapepo

Miles Coverdale afyalilwe mu Yorkshire, ku England napamo mu mwaka wa 1488. Asambilile pa Yuniversiti ya Cambridge kabili bamusontele ukuba shimapepo wa ba Katolika mu 1514. Uwalengele ukuti alefwaya sana ukwalula ifintu mwi calici lya Katolika ni kafundisha wakwe, Robert Barnes. Mu 1528, Barnes abutukile ku Bulaya kabili pa numa ya myaka 12 balimocelele pa cimuti ku ntungulushi she calici.

Ilyo calefika mu 1528, ninshi Coverdale alitampa ukusambilisha mwi calici ukuti ifyo ba Katolika balecita pamo nga ukupepa ifilubi, ukuya ku cilapilo, e lyo na ku Minsa tafyali fya mu Baibolo. Ici calengele ukuti bafwaye ukumwipaya, e ico afulumukile ku Bulaya, uko aileikala imyaka nalimo 7.

Aile ku Hamburg, mu Germany, uko aileikala na William Tyndale. Apo bonse babili balefwaya ukupilibula Baibolo iyo abantu bonse bengabelenga, balibombeele pamo uyu mulimo. Coverdale alisambilile ifingi kuli Tyndale pa fya kupilibula Baibolo.

Ifintu Fya-aluka

Ifintu mu England fyalitendeke ukwaluka. Mu 1534, Imfumu Henry VIII yalikeene apabuuta tuutu ukulatungululwa na papa wa ba Katolika uwa ku Roma. Henry VIII na o alefwaya ukuti Baibolo ipilibulwe mu ciNgeleshi pa kuti abantu baleibelenga. Mu kuya kwa nshita, Coverdale alitendeke ukupilibula Baibolo. Coverdale alishibe sana iciNgeleshi, lelo taishibe indimi ishingi isho Tyndale, cibusa wakwe kabili uwamusambilishe ukupilibula Baibolo aishibe. Tyndale alishibe sana iciHebere ne ciGriki. Coverdale alipitulwike mu fyo Tyndale apilibwile mu ciLatini na mu ciGermany.

Baibolo yapilibwile Coverdale baipulintiile ku Bulaya mu 1535, kabili umwaka wakonkelepo Tyndale balimwipeye. Muli iyi Baibolo mwali na mashiwi ya mucinshi aya kulumbanya Imfumu Henry. Coverdale aebele Henry ukuti muli iyi Baibolo alifumishemo amafutunoti ya kwa Tyndale ayo abantu balemona ukuti tayalingile ukubamo pantu yalelanda pa fifundisho fya ba Katolika ifishali fya mu Baibolo. E co Henry alisumine ukuti basabankanye iyi Baibolo. Ifintu fyalitendeke ukwaluka.

Baibolo yapilibwile Coverdale yalipulintilwe cipya cipya imiku ibili ku England, mu 1537. Mu mwaka umo wine, Imfumu Henry yalisuminishe ukuti Baibolo na imbi iyo baleita ukuti Matthew’s Bible iyapulintilwe mu Antwerp ifume.  Muli iyi Baibolo mwali ifyapilibwile Tyndale na Coverdale.

Thomas Cromwell, uwali impanda mano iikalamba iya mfumu, pamo na Cranmer, Shikofu mukalamba uwa ku Canterbury, batontonkenye ukuti Matthew’s Bible ipitulukwemo. E ico Cromwell aebele Coverdale ukuti e o abombe uyu mulimo. Mu 1539 Imfumu Henry yalisuminishe ukuti Baibolo iyapitulwikwemo ifume. Iyi Baibolo baleita ukuti Great Bible pantu yali iikalamba. Kabili Henry aliordeleko amakope ayengi aya iyi Baibolo aya kubika mu macalici pa kuti bonse balebelenga. Abantu abengi balitemenwe sana iyi Baibolo.

Umulimo Wacindama uo Coverdale Abombele

Ilyo Henry VIII afwile, Edward VI e wamupyene, kabili mu 1551, Coverdale balimusalile ukuba shikofu mu citungu ca Exeter. Lelo ilyo Namfumu Mary uwa ba Katolika apyene Edward mu 1553, Coverdale afulumukile ku Denmark. Pa numa, Coverdale aile ku Switzerland uko ailetwalilila ukupilibula Baibolo. E lyo kabili alisabankenye ama Baibolo na yambi yatatu ayo abengi beta ukuti Icipingo Cipya aya mu ciNgeleshi umwali ne ciLatini ica kwafwa bashimapepo.

Lelo ica kupapusha ca kutila muli Baibolo yapilibwile Coverdale tamwali ishina lya kwa Lesa ilya kuti “Yehova.” Mu Malembo ya ciHebere ayo Tyndale apilibwile, mwali ishina lya kwa Lesa ukucila pa miku 20. Mu citabo citila, Coverdale and His Bibles, J. F. Mozley atile: “Mu 1535, Coverdale talefwaya nangu panono ukubomfya ishina [Yehova].” Lelo muli Great Bible mwena, alilembelemo ishina lya kwa Lesa ilya kuti Yehova imiku itatu.

Na lyo line, Baibolo iyapilibwile Coverdale e yali iya kubalilapo pa ma Baibolo yonse aya mu ciNgeleshi umwali Tetragramatoni, pe bula lya kubalilapo ilya Baibolo. Tetragramatoni filembo fine (YHWH) ifipanga ishina lya kwa Lesa mu ciHebere. Icacindeme sana ca kutila, iyi e yali Baibolo ya kubalilapo umo amabuuku ya Apocryphal (ayashafuma kuli Lesa) yabikilwe pamo ku mpela ya Baibolo, tayasakeene na Malembo ya ciHebere ayafuma kuli Lesa.

Bakapilibula bambi balibomfyako amashiwi ne nsoselo ishingi isho Coverdale abomfeshe. Ku ca kumwenako, balibomfya amashiwi yaba pa Amalumbo 23:4 aya kuti, “mu mupokapoka wa kufiita kwa mfwa.” E lyo na kabili, ishiwi bapilibula mu ciBemba mu cikomo 6 ilya kuti “icikuuku,” lyafuma kwi shiwi lya ciHebere ilipilibula ukuti, ukutemwa ukwa cishinka. Profesa S. L. Greenslade alandile pali ili ishiwi ukutila “lishiwi ilyacindama ililanga ifyo Lesa atemwa sana abantu bakwe, te kutemwa fye ukwa cinkumbawile nelyo ukuba no luse.” Ifi fine e fyo bapilibula na muli Baibolo ya New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures—With References.

Icitabo ca The Bibles of England, calanda pali Baibolo ya Great Bible iyo Coverdale apilibwile ukuti: “Ukufuma pa nshita Tyndale atendekele ukupilibula Icipingo Cipya, . . . iyi Baibolo e yabalilepo ukupwa bwino bwino mu ciNgeleshi.” Kanshi Baibolo iyo Coverdale apilibwile, e yalengele ukuti abantu abalelanda iciNgeleshi mu nshiku shakwe balebelenga Baibolo.

[Ifikope pe bula 11]

Ku kuso, ifilembo fya Tetragramatoni pe bula lya kubalilapo muli Baibolo ya mu 1537

[Abatusuminishe Ukubomfya Icikope pe bula 10]

From the book Our English Bible: Its Translations and Translators

[Abatusuminishe Ukubomfya Icikope pe bula 11]

Photo source: From The Holy Scriptures of the Olde and Newe Testamente With the Apocripha by Myles Coverdale