Kututuluka ha Chikuma

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Jina lia Zambi mu Yisoneko ya Ngregu ya Akwa-Kristu

Akwa-kuhengwola yisoneko kananyingika ngwo, jina lia Zambi lize likwete Sona jiwana (יהוה), liakusoloka yisuho 7,000 mu Yisoneko yitangu ya A-Hepreu. Alioze, anji a kuli ayo te kakunyonga ngwo jina liacho te kulishi kusoloka mu Yisoneko yitangu ya Ngregu ya Akwa-Kristu. Kashika Mbimbiliya jinji musono ja mu limi lia Chokwe keshi kusamo jina Yehova mu chihanda cha Usendo Waha. Chipwe muze akulumbununa versu ja Yisoneko ya A-Hepreu ha chihela haze hakusoloka Sona jiwana ja jina lia Zambi, akwa-kulumbununa anji kakuchiza jina liacho ni kusaho chisanyiko, “Mwene.”

Mbimbiliya ya Yisoneko ya Chifuchi Chaha kuyakawile mianda yacho. Mu Mbimbiliya yino, jina Yehova kanalivulukamo yisuho 237 mu Yisoneko ya Ngregu ya Akwa-Kristu. Mba akwate chiyulo chino, akwa-kulumbununa kanyongene ha yikuma yiali yilemu: (1) Yisoneko ya Ngregu yize tuli nayo musono hi yitangu ko. Yisoneko yinji yize yatwamako kayisononwene muze te hikwapalika sekulu jiali chize haze asonekene yisoneko yitangu. (2) Ha mashimbu jacho, waze apwile ni kusononona yisoneko, ha chihela haze hapwile Sona jiwana ja jina lia Zambi, yasalakanyisaho liji Kyʹri·os, liji lia Ngregu lize linalumbunuka, “Mwene.” Chikwo nawa, hanji ayo kapwile ni kusononona ha yisoneko yize jina lia Zambi te hanalichizaho kulu.

Komite ya Akwa-kulumbununa Mbimbiliya ya Yisoneko ya Chifuchi Chaha kanyingikine ngwo, kuli yikuma yize yinasolola pundu ngwo, Sona jiwana ja jina lia Zambi te jakusoloka mu yisoneko yitangu ya Ngregu. Chiyulo chacho chakatukile ha yikuma yino:

  • Yisoneko ya Hepreu ya kusononona yize atu apwile ni kutanga ha mashimbu ja Yesu ni apostolo jenyi, Sona jiwana ja jina lia Zambi te jakusoloka ha Yisoneko yeswe. Ku mashimbu a kunyima, atu akehe te akuhangulula jina liacho. Alioze mumu lia Yisoneko ya Hepreu yize anakawana hakamwihi ni chihela cha Qumran ya ku sekulu yitangu, te kukushi nawa niumwe mahamika.

  • Ha mashimbu ja Yesu ni apostolo jenyi, Sona jiwana ja jina lia Zambi te jakusoloka mu Yisoneko ya Ngregu yize te hanalumbununa kukatuka mu limi lia Hepreu. Ha sekulu jinji, akwa-kuhengwola te kakunyonga ngwe Sona jiwana jize jinalumbunuka jina lia Zambi, kujishi kusoloka mu Yisoneko ya Septuaginta Grega, che kwamba mikanda yize alumbunwine kukatuka mu Yisoneko ya Hepreu. Alioze mukachi ka sekulu 20, yihanda yimwe yikulu ya Septuaginta Grega yize yapwile ha matangwa ja Yesu, yaputuka kuyihengwola kuli akwa-kuhengwola yisoneko. Ha yihanda yacho, jina lia Zambi liapwile ni kusoloka ngwe chize apwile ni kulisoneka mu Hepreu. Kashika, ha mashimbu ja Yesu jina lia Zambi liapwile ni kusoloka mu Yisoneko ya Ngregu. Alioze ha sekulu yamuchiwana, jina lia Zambi mu yisoneko yinji ya Septuaginta Grega, ngwe Códice Vaticano ni Códice Sinaítico, te kulishi kusolokamo nawa, chize ha mukanda wa Uputukilo ndo Malakia (ha chihela haze jina lia Zambi liapwile ni kusoloka mu yisoneko yikulu chinji). Kashika, kutushi kukomoka ha kumona ngwetu jina lia Zambi kulishi mu yisoneko yize afungile ya Usendo Waha, che kwamba, mu Yisoneko ya Ngregu.

    Muze Yesu alembele kuli Zambi, yamba ngwenyi: “Nanyingikisa jina lie kuli akwa-hashi waze wanguhele.” Yaweza nawa ngwenyi, nakulinga milimo mu “jina lia Tata”

  • Yisoneko ya Ngregu ya Akwa-Kristu yinambe ngwo Yesu kapwile ni kutongola jina lia Zambi yisuho yinji ni kulinyingikisa kuli atu. (Yoano 17:6, 11, 12, 26) Muze Yesu alembele kuli Zambi, yamba ngwenyi: “Nanyingikisa jina lie kuli akwa-hashi waze wanguhele.” Yaweza nawa ngwenyi, nakulinga milimo mu “jina lia Tata.”—Yoano 5:43; 10:25.

  • Amu Yisoneko Yisandu ya Akwa-Kristu ayichingile ni Yisoneko Yisandu ya Hepreu yize asonekene ni ukwaso wa spiritu yisandu, kashika kutoka cha jina Yehova mu yisoneko kuchalitele. Hakachi ka sekulu yitangu M.J, kambaji Tiangu yalweza makulwana mu Yerusaleme ngwenyi: “Semone kambulwile mu yimako-yimako chize Zambi alihulikilile kuli akwa-mavungu ha chisuho chitangu hanga akasakuleho limwe vungu lize mulimbata jina lienyi.” (Yilinga 15:14) Nyi ngwe mutu niumwe ku sekulu yitangu te kanyingikine jina lia Zambi hanji kulivuluka, kachi Tiangu kakambile chocho.

  • Jina lia Zambi liakusoloka lia chipinji mu Yisoneko ya Ngregu ya Akwa-Kristu. Majina anji waze ali mu Yisoneko ya Ngregu ya Akwa-Kristu kakatukile ku jina lia Zambi. Mikanda yimwe yakulumbununa ngwo chipwe jina lia Yesu linalumbunuka ngwo, “Yehova iye Chilamwina.”

  • Mikanda yikulu ya A-Yunda yakusolola ngwo Akwa-Kristu A-Yunda te kakuvuluka jina lia Zambi mu mikanda yo. Tosefta, yimwe mikanda ya shimbi yize anakahwisa kusoneka ha miaka 300 M.J., yinambe hakutwala ku yisoneko ya Akwa-Kristu yize apwile ni kwocha ha tangwa lia Sambata ngwo: “Mikanda ya akwa-kwambujola ni mikanda ya minim [kota Akwa-Kristu A-Yunda], ayo [akwa-kulimika] keshi kuyilamwina mu kahia. Alioze mikanda yeswe ni lie jina lia Zambi kakuyochela ha chihela hazehene yili.” Kulita ni mikanda yino, Longeshi Yosé wa ku Ngalileya yoze watwamine ku uputukilo wa sekulu yamuchiali  M.J., kota kambile ngwenyi, ha matangwa akwo a poso, “katamba kupatula [kota te kanahanjika hakutwala ku Yisoneko ya Akwa-Kristu] mikanda yize yili ni jina lia Zambi ni kuyifunga kanawa, ni kwocha yize yasalaho.”

  • Amwe akwa-kuhengwola Mbimbiliya kanatayiza ngwo, jina lia Zambi kota liapwile ni kusoloka mu Yisoneko ya A-Hepreu yize apwile ni kutongola mu Yisoneko ya Ngregu ya Akwa-Kristu. Hakutwala ku chikuma chili mushi lia mutwe, “Sona jiwana ja jina lia Zambi mu Usendo Waha,” umwe mukanda (Dicionario Biblico Anchor) unambe ngwo: “Kuli yikuma yize yinasolola ngwo, Sona jiwana ja jina lia Zambi, Yahweh, japwile ni kusoloka mu [Usendo Waha] ha yimwe yihela, hanji ha yihela yeswe haze apwile ni kulitongola mu [Usendo Ukulu] muze asonekene mikanda yitangu ya Usendo Waha.” Mukwa-kuhengwola George Howard yamba ngwenyi: “Amu Sona jiwana ja jina lia Zambi japwile ja kusoneka mu Mbimbiliya ya Ngregu [Septuaginta], che kwamba Mbimbiliya yize apwile ni kutanga mu yingeleja yitangu, chinalite kufuliela ngwo, akwa-kusoneka Usendo Waha, ha kutongola yisoneko kapwile ni kufunga Sona jiwana ja jina lia Zambi mu yisoneko ya Mbimbiliya.”

  • Akwa-kulumbununa Mbimbiliya waze akuvumbika chinji kasele jina lia Zambi mu Yisoneko ya Ngregu ya Akwa-Kristu. Amwe a kuli ayo kalingile mulimo uno muze te Mbimbiliya ya Yisoneko ya Chifuchi Chaha kanda achiyilumbununa. Akwa-kulumbununa jacho kali wano hamwe ni Mbimbiliya jo: A Literal Translation of the New Testament . . . From the Text of the Vatican Manuscript, by Herman Heinfetter (1863); The Emphatic Diaglott, by Benjamin Wilson (1864); The Epistles of Paul in Modern English, by George Barker Stevens (1898); St. Paul’s Epistle to the Romans, by W. G. Rutherford (1900); The New Testament Letters, by J.W.C. Wand, Bishop of London (1946). Kuchizako mikanda yino, umwe mukanda uze alumbunwine mu Espanhol ku kaputu wa sekulu 20, mukwa-kulumbununa Pablo Besson kasele jina “Yehova” ha Luka 2:15 ni ha Yundase 14, chikwo nawa iye kasele jina lia Zambi ha manota kuhiana 100. Shimbu te kanda achilumbununa mikanda yino, mu mikanda ya Hepreu yize alumbunwine mu Yisoneko ya Ngregu ya Akwa-Kristu ha sekulu 16 ndo kulutwe, kaselemo Sona jiwana ja jina lia Zambi ha yihela yinji. Mu limi lia Alemão jina lia “Yehova” (hanji lize alumbunwine kukatuka mu Hepreu ngwo “Yahweh”) liakusoloka yisuho 11 mu mikanda ya Yisoneko ya Ngregu ya Akwa-Kristu, akwa-kulumbununa akwo awana yaweza jina “Yehova” mukachi ka parênteses kulutwe lia chisanyiko ‘Mwene.” Chikwo nawa, mikanda kuhiana 70 mu limi lia Alemão yili ni jina lia Zambi ha manota hanji ha maliji a kushi lia lifwo.

    Jina lia Zambi ha Yilinga 2:34 mu Mbimbiliya ya Emphatic Diaglott, ya Benjamin Wilson (1864)

  • Mbimbiliya kuhiana mu malimi lukama jili ni jina lia Zambi mu Yisoneko ya Ngregu ya Akwa-Kristu. Malimi anji mu Africa, Ameríndios, Asiáticos, Europeus ni a ku Ilhas-Pacífico, mu Mbimbiliya jo jina lia Zambi liakusolokamo kanawa. (Tala katalilo uli ha  lifwo 1742 ni 1743.) Atu waze alumbunwine Mbimbiliya jacho, kakwachile chiyulo cha kusamo jina lia Zambi mumu lia yikuma yize hitwatongola kulu. Mbimbiliya jimwe ja Yisoneko ya Ngregu ya Akwa-Kristu kajituhwisa ha mashimbu ano ene, ngwe Mbimbiliya mu limi lia Rotumano (1999), yize yinatongola jina “Jihova” yisuho 51 mu maversu 48, ni Mbimbiliya mu Bataque (Toba) (1989) ku Indonésia yize yinavuluka jina “Jahowa” yisuho 110.

    Jina lia Zambi ha Marku 12:29, 30 mu Mbimbiliya ya mu limi lia Havaiano

Kashika yikuma yeswayi yinasolola ngwo, jina Yehova katamba kulihilwisa mu Yisoneko ya Ngregu ya Akwa-Kristu. Yenayi akwa-kulumbununa Mbimbiliya ya Yisoneko ya Chifuchi Chaha alinga. Ayo kakuvumbika chinji jina lia Zambi, kashika akwivwa woma wa kuchiza chuma cheswacho chapwile mu Yisoneko yitangu.—Usolwelo 22:18, 19.