Nukae Míate Ŋu Asrɔ̃ Tso Tsã Nudzɔdzɔwo Me?

“Naneke mele vevie na ŋutinyaŋlɔlawo wu be woadzro nusiwo hea nanewo vɛ kple wo me tsonuwo me tsitotsito o.”—GERALD SCHLABACH, ŊUTINYAFIALAGÃ ƑE KPEÐEŊUTƆ.

ZI GEÐE la, ŋutinyaŋlɔlawo biana be, Aleke nudzɔdzɔ aɖewo dzɔe, eye nukatae wodzɔ? Le kpɔɖeŋu me, ŋutinya gblɔ na mí be Roma Fiaɖuƒea dze anyi. Gake nukatae wòdze anyi ɖo? Ðe wòanye nufitifitiwɔwɔ alo modzakaɖeɖe yomenɔnɔ taea? Ðe wòanye be fiaɖuƒea dzi kpɔkpɔ va sesẽ akpa eye wogblẽa ga geɖe ɖe eƒe asrafowo ŋu taea? Ðe wòanye be Roma ƒe futɔwo va nɔ agbɔ sɔm akpa heɖo ŋusẽ ŋutɔ taea?

Nyitsɔ laa ko la, Ɣedzeƒe Europa-dukɔwo ƒe Kɔmiunist Dziɖuɖu, si wokpɔ be enye kplamatsedonu na Ɣetoɖoƒe-dukɔwo tsã la dze anyi le dukɔ geɖe me kabakaba abe zã ɖeka ko mee wòdzɔ le ene. Gake nuka gbɔe wòtso? Eye nufiame kawoe le wo me míasrɔ̃? Biabia siawo ƒomevi ŋue ŋutinyaŋlɔlawo dzea agbagba le be yewoaɖo. Gake ne wole wo ŋu ɖom la, afikae woa ŋutɔwo ƒe nukpɔsusuwo kpɔ ŋusẽ ɖe woƒe nuŋububu dzi se ɖo?

Ðe Woate Ŋu Aka Ðe Blemaŋutinya Dzia?

Ŋutinyaŋlɔlawo ƒe dɔ de sɔsɔ ge kple adzamenumekulawo tɔ tsɔ wu dzɔdzɔmeŋutinunyalawo tɔ. Wokua nu me, biaa nya, eye woʋlia nya le blemanuŋlɔɖiwo ŋu. Woɖoa tame be yewoawɔ nu le nyateƒe me, gake zi geɖe la, kakaɖedzi menɔa woƒe taɖodzinuwo ŋu o. Susu siwo tae dometɔ aɖewoe nye be amewo koŋ ŋue woƒe dɔa ƒe akpa gãtɔ ku ɖo, eye ŋutinyaŋlɔlawo mate ŋu anya ame ƒe susu o—vevietɔ ame kukuwo ƒe susu. Nukpɔsusu aɖewo kple nazãbubu hã anɔ ŋutinyaŋlɔlawo me. Eyata ɣeaɖewoɣi la, nuŋlɔɖi nyuitɔ kekeake nyena numeɖeɖe si nɔ te ɖe nua ŋlɔla—ŋutɔ ƒe nukpɔsusu dzi.

Gake mefia kokoko be ŋutinyaŋlɔla aɖe ƒe nuŋlɔɖi mede o le esi wòɖe eya ŋutɔ ƒe nukpɔsusu gblɔ ta o. Biblia me nudzɔdzɔ siwo ŋu woƒo nu tsoe le Samuel, Fiawo, kple Kronika ƒe agbalẽawo me dometɔ aɖewo nye nudzɔdzɔ ɖeka si ŋu ame vovovo atɔ̃ ŋlɔ nu tsoe, gake woate ŋu aɖee afia be meɖe dzesi le afi aɖeke be wotsi tre ɖe wo nɔewo ŋu loo alo be nyawo mede o. Nenemae wòle le Nyanyuigbalẽ eneawo hã gome. Biblia-ŋlɔla geɖe ŋlɔ woa ŋutɔwo ƒe vodada kple nanewo siwo wowɔ numanyamanyatɔe gɔ̃ hã da ɖi—si nye nusi mebɔ le xexemegbalẽwo me o.—Mose IV, 20:9-12; Mose V, 32:48-52.

 Hekpe ɖe nazãbubu si ate ŋu anɔ wo me ŋu la, nu vevi bubu si ŋu wòle be woade ŋugble le ne wole ŋutinyawo xlẽm enye nua ŋlɔla ƒe taɖodzinu. Michael Stanford gblɔ le agbalẽ si nye A Companion to the Study of History me be: “Ele be woabu vɔ̃ ŋutɔŋutɔ ɖe ŋutinya ɖesiaɖe si amesiwo ɖenɛ fiana be ŋusẽ le yewo si, alo amesiwo le didim be yewoaxɔ ŋusẽ, alo wo xɔlɔ̃wo, ŋlɔ ɖi la ŋu.” Taɖodzinu si ŋu ɖikeke le hã dzena ne edze le ŋutinyaa me be eŋlɔla to ayemɔ nu alo wòna wòdze gaglã gɔ̃ hã be ele dukɔmevinyenye kple dulɔlɔ̃ ƒe gbɔgbɔ dom ɖe ŋgɔ. Nublanuitɔe la, nusiae dzena le sukunusrɔ̃gbalẽwo me ɣeaɖewoɣi. Se aɖe si dziɖuɖu aɖe de le dukɔ aɖe me gblɔ wòɖe dzesi ƒã be taɖodzinu si ta wòle be woafia ŋutinya ye nye be “wòado ŋusẽ dukɔmevinyenye kple dulɔlɔ̃ ƒe seselelãmewo le amewo ƒe dzi me . . . elabena nusiwo dzɔ va yi tsã le dukɔa ƒe ŋutinya me nyanyae nye nu vevi siwo akpe ɖe ame ŋu wòaɖee afia be dulɔlɔ̃ le ye me la dometɔ ɖeka.”

Afɔbublu na Blemaŋutinya

Menye nukpɔsusu aɖe dzi dede koe dzena le ŋutinyawo ŋɔŋlɔɖi me ɣeaɖeɣi o ke woŋlɔa wo ɖi nyateƒematomatotɔe hã. Le kpɔɖeŋu me, agbalẽ si nye Truth in History gblɔ be Soviet Union si nɔ anyi tsã “ɖe ŋkɔ Trotsky ɖa le nuŋlɔɖi me, ale be dziɖuɖumegã la ƒe anyinɔnɔ ŋuti nyateƒea nabu.” Amekae nye Trotsky? Dunyahehabɔbɔ si nye Russia Bolshevik ƒe Tɔtrɔkpata ƒe ŋgɔnɔlae wònye, eye eyae kplɔ Lenin ɖo. Le Lenin ƒe ku megbe la, nyaʋiʋli ɖo Trotsky kple Stalin dome eye wonyae le Kɔmiunist Dunyahehabɔbɔa me, eye wowui emegbe. Woɖe eƒe ŋkɔ le Soviet numekugbalẽwo me gɔ̃ hã. Afɔbublu na ŋutinya siawo tɔgbe, atɔ dzo amesiwo meda asi ɖe woƒe nukpɔsusuwo dzi o ƒe agbalẽwo gɔ̃ hã, nye nuwɔna si yia edzi le ameteteɖeanyidziɖuɖuwo te zi geɖe.

Gake afɔbublu na blemaŋutinya nye nuwɔna si li tso blema ke, enɔ anyi le keke Egipte kple Asiria ŋɔli ya teti. Faraowo, fia, kple fiagã dadala ɖokuidoɖedzilawo kpɔ egbɔ be woƒe ŋutinya siwo woŋlɔ ɖi la nye esiwo me wokafu wo le vevie. Eyata edziedzi la, wolɔ̃a amiɖeɖe ɖe nusiwo wote ŋu wɔ, gake womegblɔa nya boo aɖeke tsoa nusianu si ado ŋukpe wo alo nusiwo ŋu bubu mele o, abe wo dzi ɖuɖu le aʋa me ene ŋu o, wotutua wo ɖa, alo ɣeaɖewoɣi la, womeŋlɔa naneke tsoa wo ŋu o gɔ̃ hã. To vovo na ema kura la, Israel-dukɔa ŋutinya si woŋlɔ ɖe Biblia me to vovo sã elabena fiawo kple wo teviwo ƒe vodada kple nɔnɔme nyuiwo siaa dze le eme.

Aleke ŋutinyaŋlɔlawo toa nuŋlɔɖi xoxowo me nyana ne wode pɛpɛpɛ alo womede o? Wotsɔa nuŋlɔɖi siawo sɔna kple nuwo abe adzɔxexe ŋuti nuŋlɔɖi xoxowo, segbalẽwo, kluvidzadzra ŋuti boblododowo, dɔwɔƒewo kple ɖokuisidɔwɔlawo ƒe lɛta kple nuŋlɔɖiwo, nutata siwo wokpɔ le ze gbagbãwo ŋu, meli ƒe duƒuƒu ŋuti nuŋlɔɖi, kple  nusiwo wokpɔ le agadowo kple yɔdowo me. Nu vovovowo ŋuti nuŋlɔɖi sia naa wokena ɖe nuŋlɔɖi siwo dzi woda asi ɖo le se nu ŋuti numekɔkɔ bubu ŋu loo alo enana wonyana ne nya bubuwo ku ɖe wo ŋu. Le nya siwo ŋuti numekɔkɔ medze o kokoko alo kakaɖedzi mele wo ŋu o gome la, ŋutinyaŋlɔla nyuiwo agblɔe nenema, togbɔ be ɖewohĩ woadi woa ŋutɔwo ƒe nyawo ade teƒe mawo hã. Aleke ke wòɖale o, ne nuxlẽla nyuiwo di be yewoadi numeɖeɖe si da sɔ la, ke menye agbalẽ ɖeka koe woaxlẽ o, ke boŋ woawɔ numekuku le agbalẽ geɖe me.

Togbɔ be ŋutinyaŋlɔla doa go kuxi geɖe hã la, nyatakaka nyuiwo ate ŋu anɔ eƒe ŋutinyaa me. Ŋutinyagbalẽ aɖe ɖe nu me be: “Togbɔ be xexemeŋutinya ŋɔŋlɔ nye dɔ sesẽ hã la, . . . ele vevie, exɔ asi gɔ̃ hã na mí.” Tsɔ kpe ɖe ɣeyiɣi siwo va yi ŋuti nyatakaka si ŋutinya nana ŋu la, ate ŋu ana numekɔkɔ geɖe mí tso nɔnɔme si me amegbetɔƒomea le fifia hã ŋu. Le kpɔɖeŋu me, míekpɔnɛ dzea sii enumake be amegbetɔ ƒe nɔnɔme siwo blematɔwo ɖe fia va yi kee amewo le ɖeɖem fia egbea. Nɔnɔme siawo siwo amewo ɖena fiana le ɣeyiɣi vovovowo me kpɔa ŋusẽ gã aɖe ɖe ŋutinya dzi, ɖewohĩ eyae na amewo gblɔna be nusi dzɔ va yi la, gadzɔna ake. Gake ɖe nyataƒoƒo ma nɔ te ɖe nyateƒenyawo kple nuŋububu nyuiwo dzia?

Ðe Nusiwo Dzɔ Va Yi Gadzɔna Akea?

Ðe míate ŋu anɔ te ɖe ɣeyiɣi siwo va yi dzi agblɔ nusi gbɔna dzɔdzɔ ge le etsɔme ɖi wòava eme pɛpɛpɛa? Nudzɔdzɔ aɖewo tɔgbe gadzɔna ake. Le kpɔɖeŋu me, Henry Kissinger, si nye United States Dukɔa ƒe Dɔdzikpɔlagã tsã, gblɔ be: “Ŋkuʋuʋu ɖesiaɖe si nɔ anyi kpɔ la dze anyi keŋkeŋ.” Egblɔ kpee be: “Ŋutinyae nye amewo ƒe agbagbadzedze siwo do kpo nu, enye tameɖoɖo siwo meva eme o ŋuti nuŋlɔɖi. . . . Eyata ne ènye ŋutinyaŋlɔla la, ele be nàlɔ̃ ɖe edzi be afɔku megbea anyinɔnɔ o.”

Fiaɖuƒe eve aɖeke medze anyi to mɔ ɖeka nu kpɔ o. Zãdodo ɖeka me koe Persiatɔwo kple Mediatɔwo mu Babilon ƒu anyi le le ƒe 539 D.M.Ŋ. me. Hela ma ɖe fiaɖuƒe geɖe me le Alexander Gãtɔ ƒe ku megbe, eye mlɔeba wòva na ta Roma. Gake wokpɔtɔ ʋlia nya le Roma ƒe anyidzedze ŋu. Ŋutinyaŋlɔla Gerald Schlabach bia be: “Ɣekaɣie Roma dze anyi? Ðe wòdze anyi ɣeaɖeɣi kpɔ ya? Nane trɔ le Ɣetoɖoƒe Europa le ƒe 400 M.Ŋ. kple ƒe 600 M.Ŋ. dome. Gake nu geɖe yi edzi matrɔmatrɔe.” * Edze ƒã be blema nudzɔdzɔ aɖewo gbugbɔ dzɔna, gake bubuwo megadzɔna o.

Nudzɔdzɔ ɖeka si gagbugbɔ dzɔna ɖaa le ŋutinya me si nye nusɔsrɔ̃ na mí enye amegbetɔ ƒe dziɖuɖu ƒe kpododonu. Le ƒe siwo katã va yi me la, nudidinameɖokui, nuŋumabumabu yi ŋgɔe, ŋukeklẽ, nufitifitiwɔwɔ, ƒometɔwo ŋkumekpɔkpɔ, kple vevietɔ dzodzro vevie be woaxɔ ŋusẽ ahalé eme ɖe asi gblẽ nu le dziɖuɖu nyuiwo ŋu zi geɖe. Esia ta, kɔlili aʋawɔnuwo ɖi, nubabla ƒe dzidzedzemakpɔmakpɔ, aʋawɔwɔwo, aglãdzenuwɔnawo, kple ŋutasesẽ, ame ʋɛ aɖewo ko ƒe hokpɔkpɔ, kple gaŋutiɖoɖo ƒe dzidzedzemakpɔmakpɔ nye nusiwo gblẽ nu le ɣeyiɣi siwo va yi me.

Le kpɔɖeŋu me, de dzesi nusi agbalẽ si nye The Columbia History of the World gblɔ tso ŋusẽ si Ɣetoɖoƒe-dukɔwo ƒe ŋkuʋuʋu kpɔ ɖe dukɔ bubuwo dzi le xexeame ŋu: “Esi Columbus kple Cortes ʋu ŋku na Ɣetoɖoƒe Europatɔwo wova nya nusiwo woate ŋu awɔ la, dzodzro ɖo wo me vevie ku ɖe nu yeyewo wɔwɔ, viɖekpɔkpɔ, kple ŋkɔxɔxɔ ŋu, eye ɖe wozi Ɣetoɖoƒe-dukɔwo ƒe ŋkuʋuʋu ɖe dukɔ bubuwo dzi le anyigba bliboa katã kloe dzi. Esi dzodzro ɖo aʋadziɖulawo me vevie be yewoakeke yewoƒe dziɖuƒewo ɖe nu eye aʋawɔnu deŋgɔwo nanɔ yewo si ta la, wona be xexeame dukɔ bubuwo va le Europa dziɖuŋusẽwo te akpasesẽtɔe. . . . Kpuie ko la, anyigbagã siawo dzi nɔlawo [Afrika, Asia, kple Amerika-nyigbawo] va zu amesiwo wotafa vevie ɣesiaɣi.” Aleke gbegbe nya siwo dze le Biblia me le Nyagblɔla 8:9 nye nyateƒee nye si be: “Amegbetɔ ɖua fia ɖe ame bubuwo dzi hena woƒe dzɔgbevɔ̃e”!

Ðewohĩ nudzɔdzɔ wɔnublanui siae nye nusi ʋã Germanytɔ xexemenunyala aɖe wògblɔ be nu ɖeka si ko wòle be woasrɔ̃ tso ŋutinya mee nye be amewo mesrɔ̃a naneke tso ŋutinya me o. Yeremya 10:23 gblɔ be: “Amegbetɔ ƒe mɔ kple ŋutsu ƒe zɔzɔme la menye eya ŋutɔ si me wòle, ne eƒe azɔlime nato mɔ ɖeka o.” Alesi ŋutete mele mía ŋu míafia mɔ mía ɖokui o nye nusi me wòle be míatsɔ ɖe le vevie egbea. Nukatae? Elabena kuxi siwo le mía dzi vam ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ kple kpekpeme siaa tɔgbe  aɖeke medzɔ kpɔ o. Eyata aleke míakpe akɔ kpli woe?

Kuxi Siwo Tɔgbe Medzɔ Kpɔ O

Le ameƒomea ƒe ŋutinya katã me la, medzɔ kpɔ be nu vovovo ƒokpli siawo gblẽ nu le anyigba ŋu, be wonɔ avenyigbawo tsrɔ̃m le afisiafi, tsi nɔ anyigbaa dzi ke kplɔm dzoe, anyigba nɔ dzogbe zum, numiemie kple lã ƒomevi vovovowo nɔ tsɔtsrɔ̃m afɔtsɔtsɔe, ya si xea mɔ na ɣe ƒe keklẽ si gblẽa nu le amegbetɔwo ŋu nɔ vɔvɔm, ɖiƒoƒo tsi, ya, kple anyigba, xexeame nɔ dzo xɔm, atsiaƒuwo nɔ kukum, eye amegbetɔwo nɔ agbɔ sɔm wu gbɔgblɔ alea kpɔ o.

Agbalẽ si nye A Green History of the World gblɔ be: “Kuxi bubu si le fu ɖem na egbegbe dukɔwoe nye nuwo ƒe tɔtrɔ kabakaba manyatalenu.” Ed Ayres, World Watch magazine me tola, ŋlɔ bena: “Nane le fu ɖem na mí si gbɔ mí katã míaƒe nunya ŋu, si gɔme míete ŋu le sesem o, nenye be eɖe dzesi kɔte amesiame kpɔ hã. Le mía gome la, ‘nu ma’ ye nye alesi nu le gbegblẽm le nusiwo lé mí ɖe te le xexeame ŋu le ŋutilã kple dzɔdzɔme gome nu le yiyim kabakabae.”

Le kuxi siawo kple bubuwo ta la, ŋutinyaŋlɔla Pardon E. Tillinghast gblɔ be: “Afisi amegbetɔƒomea le ta ɖomee fifia la dzi ŋɔ ale gbegbe, eye le mía dometɔ geɖe gome la, kuxiawo le ŋɔdzi dom na mí ŋutɔ. Mɔfiame kae ŋutinyaŋlɔla bibiwo ate ŋu ana amesiwo tɔtɔ la egbea? Ewɔ abe mɔfiame boo aɖeke mele wo si o ene.”

Ðewohĩ ŋutinyaŋlɔla bibiwo atɔtɔ le nusi woawɔ alo aɖaŋu si woaɖo me, gake kakaɖedzi li be manɔ nenema le mía Wɔla ya gome o. Le nyateƒe me la, egblɔe ɖi le Biblia me be le ŋkeke mamlɛawo me la, xexeame ato ‘ɣeyiɣi sesẽ siwo me nɔnɔ asẽ’ me. (Timoteo II, 3:1-5) Gake Mawu wɔ nu yi ŋgɔ wu ema eye wòwɔ nusi ŋusẽ mele ŋutinyaŋlɔlawo si be woawɔ o—efia wo gbɔ kpɔnu mí, abe alesi míakpɔe le nyati si kplɔe ɖo me ene.

[Etenuŋɔŋlɔ]

[Nya si ɖe dzesi si le axa 5]

“Ele be woabu vɔ̃ ŋutɔŋutɔ ɖe ŋutinya ɖesiaɖe si amesiwo ɖenɛ fiana be ŋusẽ le yewo si . . . ŋlɔ ɖi la ŋu.”—MICHAEL STANFORD, ŊUTINYAŊLƆLA

[Nɔnɔmetata si le axa 4]

Fiagã Nero

[Afi Si Míexɔ Mɔɖeɖe Tso]

Roma, Musei Capitolini

[Nɔnɔmetata siwo le axa 7]

Le ŋutinya katã me la, ‘amegbetɔ ɖu fia ɖe ame bubuwo dzi hena woƒe dzɔgbevɔ̃e’

[Afi Si Míexɔ Mɔɖeɖe Tso]

“The Conquerors,” si Pierre Fritel ŋlɔ. Wo dometɔ aɖewoe nye (tso miame yi ɖusime): Ramses II, Attila, Hannibal, Tamerlane, Julius Caesar (titina), Napoléon I, Alexander the Great, Nebuchadnezzar, kple Charlemagne. Etso agbalẽ si nye The Library of Historic Characters and Famous Events me, Vol. III, 1895; yameʋuwo: USAF foto