Soviettɔwo Ƒe Subɔsubɔhawo Dzi Dzedze

WOÐO Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (Soviet Sosialist Dukɔwo ƒe Dziɖuɖuwo ƒe Ƒuƒoƒo) anyi le ƒe 1922 me, eye Russia ye nye dukɔ si lolo wu kple esi xɔ ŋkɔ wu le dukɔ ene siwo wotsɔ dze egɔmee la dome. Eva keke ɖe enu zu dukɔ 15 siwo ƒe anyigbawo ƒe lolome de anyigba bliboa ƒe akpa adelia kloe. Gake le ƒe 1991 me la, Soviet Union la va gbã kpata. * Míade dzesii be eyae nye Dziɖuɖu gbãtɔ si dze agbagba be yeaɖe Mawu dzixɔse ɖa kura le eƒe dukɔmeviwo ƒe susu me.

Soviet Union dukplɔla gbãtɔ Vladimir Lenin, si nye Karl Marx ƒe nusrɔ̃vi la na wòdze be Kristotɔnyenye nye ameteɖetonu. Marx yɔ mawusubɔsubɔ be enye “aɖi si gblẽa nu le amewo ƒe susu ŋu,” eye emegbe Lenin gblɔ be: “Mawusubɔsubɔ ŋuti susu ɖesiaɖe, mawu ŋu susu ɖesiaɖe, ɖetsɔtsɔ le mawu ŋuti nukpɔsusu suetɔ kekeake ɖesiaɖe me, . . . nye ŋunyɔnu gãtɔ kekeake si mele gbɔgblɔ me o.”

Esime Russia Orthodɔks Hakplɔla Tikhon ku le ƒe 1925 me la, womeɖe mɔ na ha la be wòatia hakplɔla bubu aɖo eteƒe o. Subɔsubɔhawo dzi dzedze si kplɔe ɖo na wogbã sɔlemexɔ akpa gãtɔ loo alo wotrɔ wo wozu ŋutilãmedɔwo wɔƒewo. Wode nunɔlawo dɔsesẽwɔwɔ fuwɔamesaɖawo me eye afimae wo dometɔ geɖe ku ɖo. Encyclopædia Britannica ɖe nu me be: “Le Joseph Stalin ƒe dziɖuɖu te le ƒe 1920-awo kple 1930-awo me la, sɔlemeha la to yometiti si me wokɔ ʋu geɖe ɖi le me eye ame akpe geɖe tsi eme. Va ɖo ƒe 1939 me la, Orthodɔks bisiɔp etɔ̃ alo ene kple sɔleme 100 koe woɖe mɔ na wote ŋu nɔ dɔ wɔm.”

Gake nuwo va trɔ nukutɔe kpata zi ɖeka.

Xexemeʋa II Kple Mawusubɔsubɔ

Le ƒe 1939 me la, Nazi Germany si wo kple Soviet Union wonɔ nubabla me ɣemaɣi la va dze Poland dzi, si he Xexemeʋa II vɛ. Le ƒe ɖeka ko me la, Soviet Union xɔ dukɔ 15 siwo nɔ eƒe dziɖuɖua te la ƒe 4 mamlɛawo—woawoe nye Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, kple Moldavia. Gake le June 1941 me la, Germany tsɔ aʋakɔ gbogbo aɖe va dze Soviet Union dzii, eye nusia wɔ nuku na Stalin ŋutɔŋutɔ. Va ɖo ƒe ma ƒe nuwuwu la, Germany srafowo va ɖo Moscow gbɔto, eye Soviet Union ƒe gbagbã dze nusi gogoe.

 Stalin meganya alesi wòawɔ o eye wòdi be yeadzra dukɔa ɖo na nusi Russiatɔwo yɔ be Dukɔlɔ̃ʋa Gã la kpekpe. Stalin kpɔ be ehiã be yeaɖe asi le mɔnukpɔkpɔ aɖewo ŋu na sɔlemehawo bene woakpe ɖe ye ŋu yeakpɔ ame na aʋa la, elabena mawusubɔsubɔ gakpɔtɔ nɔ ame miliɔn geɖe me kokoko. Nukae do tso Stalin ƒe susu si wògbugbɔ trɔ ɖe mawusubɔsubɔ ŋu ɖedzesi sia me?

To sɔlemehawo ƒe asikpekpeɖeŋu me la, wote ŋu ƒo Russia dukɔa nu ƒu na aʋa la, eye va ɖo ƒe 1945 me la, Soviettɔwo ɖu Germanytɔwo dzi wòdze ƒã. Le ɣeyiɣi si me woɖo asi Soviettɔwo ƒe subɔsubɔhawo dzi dzedze dzi la, Orthodɔks-hawo dzi ɖe edzi va ɖo 25,000, eye nunɔlawo ƒe xexlẽme ɖo 33,000.

Amedzidzedzea Gadze Egɔme

Gake le nyateƒe me la, Soviet-kplɔlawo ƒe tameɖoɖo be yewoaɖe Mawu ŋuti susu ɖesiaɖe ɖa le woƒe amewo ƒe susu me la metrɔ o. The Encyclopædia Britannica ɖe nu me be: “Dziɖuɖumegãwo ƒe Tatɔ Nikita Khrushchev dze tsitretsitsi ɖe subɔsubɔhawo ŋu ƒe afɔɖeɖe aɖe gɔme le ƒe 1959-64 me eye wòɖe sɔlemeha siwo woɖe mɔ na be woaʋu woƒe ʋɔtruwo la ƒe xexlẽme dzi kpɔtɔ womegade 10,000 o. Wotia Hakplɔla Pimen le ƒe 1971 me le Alexis ƒe ku megbe, eye togbɔ be ame miliɔn geɖewo gakuna ɖe sɔlemehawo ŋu hã la, womenya alesi sɔlemehawo ƒe etsɔme anɔ o.” *

Emegbe míava ƒo nu tso alesi Russia Orthodɔks Ha la wɔ woɖe mɔ na wo esime Soviettɔwo gava dze subɔsubɔhawo dzi la me. Gake aleke nuwo nɔ na subɔsubɔha bubuwo le Soviet Union? Wo dometɔ ka koŋue wotɔ ŋkui wu, eye nukatae? Míaƒo nu tso eŋu le nyati si kplɔe ɖo me.

[Etenuŋɔŋlɔwo]

[Nɔnɔmetata si le axa 11]

Lenin yɔ ‘Mawu ŋuti nukpɔsusu ɖesiaɖe be enye ŋunyɔnu si mele gbɔgblɔ me o’

[Afi Si Míexɔ Mɔɖeɖe Tso]

Musée d’Histoire Contemporaine—BDIC