Nusita Amewo Ðea Woƒe Agbe Ða

“Susu siwo naa amewo wua wo ɖokui nɔa wo tɔxɛ wo tɔxɛe: susu ɣaɣlawo ŋutɔe wonyena, womenɔa nyanya o, eye wodzia ŋɔ ale gbegbe.”—Kay Redfield Jamison, tagbɔdɔdala.

^“AGBENƆNƆ wɔ nublanui.” Nya siae Ryunosuke Akutagawa, Japantɔ nuŋlɔla xɔŋkɔ si nɔ anyi le ƒe alafa 20 lia ƒe gɔmedzedze ŋlɔ teti hafi wu eɖokui. Gake eŋlɔ nya siawo do ŋgɔ na nya mawo be: “Nyateƒee, nyemedi be maku o, gake . . .”

Abe Akutagawa ene la, menye ɖe ame geɖe siwo wua wo ɖokui dina be woaku o ke boŋ abe alesi susuŋutinunyafiala aɖe gblɔe ene la, “ɖe wodina be yewoaɖe kuxi siwo le edzi yim ɖa” hafi. Nya siwo dzena le nuŋlɔɖi siwo ameɖokuiwulawo ŋlɔna me ɖo kpe nya sia dzi. Nyagbɔgblɔwo abe ‘Nyemagate ŋui azɔ o’ alo ‘Nukata magayi edzi anɔ agbe?’ ene ɖea didi vevie si le wo me be yewoasi le agbe me fukpekpe sesẽwo nu fiana. Gake dɔdamɔnufiala aɖe ɖɔ ameɖokuiwuwu be enye “nukliabɔmb tsɔtsɔ da wɔɖi ene.”

Togbɔ be susu siwo ta amewo wua wo ɖokui le vovovo hã la, agbemenudzɔdzɔ aɖewoe naa amewo wua wo ɖokui.

Nudzɔdzɔ Siwo Henɛ Vɛ

Mewɔ nuku be susu siwo ta mɔkpɔkpɔ buna ɖe sɔhɛwo eye wowua wo ɖokui la adze nu tsɛe na ame bubuwo ya o. Ne wodze agɔ le sɔhɛwo dzi eye womete ŋu le naneke wɔm tso eŋu o la, wobunɛ be ne yewoku la, ke yewo wɔe ɖe amesiwo dze agɔ ɖe yewo dzi ŋu. Hiroshi Inamura, amesi bi ɖe ameɖokuiwulawo ƒe nyawo gbɔ kpɔkpɔ me le Japan, ŋlɔ be: “Didi dzroame aɖe si le ɖeviwo me enye be yewoaɖo eteƒe na amesi wɔ fu yewo to yewo ŋutɔwo ƒe ku dzi.”

Numekuku aɖe si wowɔ nyitsɔ laa le Britain ɖee fia be ne wowɔ anyra le ɖeviwo ŋu vevie la, wo ɖokui wuwu tete kpɔ yia dzi zi gbɔ zi adre. Nuteɖeamedzi siwo me ɖevi siawo tona nyea nu ŋutɔŋutɔ. Ŋutsuvi aɖe si xɔ ƒe 13 si de ka ve la gblẽ nuŋlɔɖi kpui aɖe si me wòŋlɔ ame atɔ̃ siwo wɔ funyafunyae hexɔ ga le esi sesẽe la ƒe ŋkɔwo ɖi. Eŋlɔ be, “Taflatse mixɔ na ɖevi bubuawo.”

Ame bubuwo adi be yewoaɖe woƒe agbe ɖa ne woge ɖe kuxiwo me le suku alo wodze se me, ne ahiãdzedze aɖe me gblẽ na wo, ne womekpɔ dzidzedze le suku dodokpɔ me o, ne nu te ɖe wo dzi le dodokpɔ ŋɔŋlɔ me, alo ne dzitsitsi ɖe etsɔme ŋu gba dzi na wo. Le sɔhɛ siwo dzea agbagba vevie le sukudɔwo me siwo bua wo  ɖokui dzidzedzekpɔlawoe gɔ̃ hã dome la, megbedede vi aɖe alo dɔ nyui mawɔmawɔ—eɖanye nu ŋutɔŋutɔ alo nu susukpɔ o—ate ŋu ana woate wo ɖokui wuwu kpɔ.

Le ame tsitsiwo gome la, ganyawo alo dɔwɔƒe ƒe kuxiwo nyea nudzɔdzɔ siwo henɛ vɛ. Le Japan la, ameɖokuiwuwu dzi ɖe edzi wu ame 30,000 le ƒe ɖeka me esime ganyawo va nɔ to yim ƒe aɖewoe nye esia. Mainichi Daily News ƒe nyawo ɖee fia be ŋutsu siwo xɔ ƒe blaene vaseɖe blaade siwo wua wo ɖokui dometɔ etɔ̃ le ene ɖesiaɖe kloe me wɔ esia “le kuxi siwo tso fenyinyi, agbaɖuɖu le asitsanyawo me, hiãkame kple dɔmakpɔwɔe gbɔ ta.” Ƒomekuxiwo hã ate ŋu ana amewo nawu wo ɖokui. Finlandtɔwo ƒe nyadzɔdzɔgbalẽ aɖe ka nya ta be: “Ŋutsu tsitsi siwo ƒe srɔ̃ɖeɖe me gblẽ nyitsɔ laa sia” enye ƒuƒoƒo siwo ɖo afɔku me wu dometɔ ɖeka. Numekuku aɖe si wowɔ le Hungary ɖee fia be wonyi nyɔnuvi siwo dea ŋugble le wo ɖokui wuwu ŋu ƒe akpa gãtɔ le aƒe siwo gbã me.

Dzudzɔxɔxɔledɔme kple lãmegbegblẽ hã nyea nudzɔdzɔ gã siwo naa amewo wua wo ɖokui, vevietɔ le ame tsitsiwo gome. Zi geɖe la, wobua ameɖokuiwuwu be enye kuxia gbɔ kpɔnu, menye esi dɔlélea nye esi womate ŋu ada ta ko o, ke esi dɔnɔa kpɔe be fukpekpea wu tsɔtsɔ na ye ta.

Gake menye amesiamee wɔa nu ɖe nudzɔdzɔ siawo ŋu to wo ɖokui wuwu me o. Ðe ema teƒe la, ne ame akpa gãtɔ do go kuxi sesẽ mawo tɔgbe la, womeɖea woƒe agbe ɖa o. Ekema nukatae ame aɖewo bua ameɖokuiwuwu be enye kuxia gbɔ kpɔnu esime ame akpa gãtɔ ya mebunɛ nenema o?

Nu Vevi Siwo Gbɔ Wòtsona

Kay Redfield Jamison si nye tagbɔdɔléleŋutinunyalagã le Johns Hopkins ƒe Yunivɛsiti Atikewɔwɔ Suku gblɔ be: “Ameɖokuiwuwu ƒe nyametsotso ƒe akpa gãtɔ nɔ te ɖe nusi wobu tso nudzɔdzɔ aɖewo ŋu dzi.” Egagblɔ kpee be: “Ne ame akpa gãtɔ ƒe susu le te la, womebua nudzɔdzɔ aɖeke be edo fievo ale gbegbe be woawu wo ɖokui o.” Eve K. Mościcki, si tso United States Dukɔa ƒe Tagbɔdɔléle Ŋuti Nusrɔ̃ƒe, de dzesii be nu geɖe—siwo dometɔ aɖewo medzena o—ƒoa ƒu nana wowɔa afɔɖeɖe aɖewo ɖe ame ƒe agbe ɖeɖeɖa ŋu. Nu mawo siwo medzena o ƒe ɖewoe nye tagbɔdɔ kple numame ƒe kuxiwo, domenyiŋusẽ, kple ahɔhɔ̃a ƒe dɔwɔwɔ. Mina míade ŋugble le wo dometɔ aɖewo ŋu.

Nusiawo dometɔ vevitɔ enye tagbɔdɔ kple numame ƒe fuɖename siwo tsoa blanuiléle, blanuiléle si nu sẽ, nuŋububu kple seselelãme ƒe tɔtɔ, kple ahatsunono alo atikevɔ̃ɖizazã gbɔ. Numekuku siwo wowɔ le Europa kple United States ɖee fia be dɔléle siawo gbɔe wòtso be amesiwo wu 90 le alafa me wu wo ɖokui. Le nyateƒe me, numekula siwo tso Sweden de dzesii be le ŋutsu siwo ŋu womekpɔ dɔ sia ƒomevi aɖeke le o dome la, ameɖokuiwuwu ƒe dzidziɖedzi nɔ ame 8.3 le 100,000 ɖesiaɖe me,  gake le amesiwo lé blanui gome la, edzi ɖe edzi va ɖo 650 le 100,000 me! Eye eŋutinunyalawo gblɔ be susu siwo nana amewo wua wo ɖokui ɖi esiwo le Ɣedzeƒe dukɔwo me. Gake blanuiléle kple nudzɔdzɔ siwo hea ame dea ameɖokuiwuwu me la siaa mate ŋu anye nusi ana ameɖokuiwuwu nanye nusi womate ŋu aƒo asa na o.

Nufialagã Jamison si ŋutɔ te eɖokui wuwu kpɔ gblɔ be: “Amewo te ŋu nɔa te ɖe blanuiléle nu alo doa dzi le eme zi alesi woka ɖe edzi be nuwo ava ɖɔ ɖo.” Gake ede dzesii be ne mɔkpɔkpɔbuɖeame va le dzidzim ɖe edzi eye wòwu tsɔtsɔ la, ŋutete si le ahɔhɔ̃a si be wòaxe mɔ ɖe ameɖokuiwuwu ƒe dzodzrowo nu va gbɔdzɔna vivivi. Etsɔ nɔnɔmea sɔ kple alesi ʋu ƒe brake nyinae wòzua falɛfalɛ to ezazã fũ akpa me.

Ele vevie be woade dzesi nɔnɔme mawo elabena woate ŋu ada blanuiléle. Woate ŋu atrɔ asi le wɔnamanɔameŋu ƒe seselelãmewo ŋu. Ne wokpɔ nɔnɔme vevi siwo nana wowua ame ɖokui gbɔ la, enana amewo te ŋu wɔa nu ɖe dzigbagbã kple nuteɖeamedzi siwo kplɔa ame dea ameɖokuiwuwu me zi geɖe ŋu le mɔ bubu kura nu.

Ame aɖewo susui be domenyiŋusẽ ate ŋu anye nu vevi si gbɔ ameɖokuiwuwu geɖe tsona. Nyateƒee, domenyiŋusẽ ate ŋu awɔ akpa vevi aɖe le ame ƒe amenyenye ŋu, eye numekukuwo ɖee fia be ameɖokuiwuwu bɔ ɖe ƒome aɖewo me wu bubuawo. Ke hã Jamison gblɔ be: “Domenyiŋusẽ ƒe ŋusẽkpɔkpɔ ɖe ameɖokuiwulawo dzi mefia be womate ŋu aɖu edzi o.”

Ahɔhɔ̃a ƒe dɔwɔwɔ hã ate ŋu anye kuxia gbɔ tsonu vevi aɖe. Le ahɔhɔ̃a me la, ahɔhɔ̃menugbagbevi biliɔn nanewo zãa elektrikŋusẽ kple lãmetsiwo tsɔ ɖoa nyatakakawo ɖae. Mɔ sue aɖewo nɔa ahɔhɔ̃mekawo kpeƒe siwo woyɔna be synapses, afisi ahɔhɔ̃melãmetsiwo tsɔa nyatakakawo tonae. Ahɔhɔ̃melãmetsi ɖeka si nye serotonin ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ ate ŋu awɔ akpa vevi aɖe le alesi ame wɔa nui ɖe ameɖokuiwuwu ŋu me. Agbalẽ si nye Inside the Brain ɖe nu me be: “Serotonin ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ si ɖiɖi . . . ate ŋu ana ame magakpɔ dzidzɔ o, eye wòaɖe didi si le ame si ɖe agbenɔnɔ ŋu dzi akpɔtɔ eye wòadzi blanuiléle kple ameɖokuiwuwu ƒe afɔku ɖe edzi.”

Gake nyateƒea enye be, womeɖoe ɖi na ame aɖeke be wòawu eɖokui o. Ame miliɔn nanewo nɔa te ɖe dzigbagbã kple nuteɖeamedziwo nu. Alesi susu kple dzi wɔa nu ɖe nuteɖeamedziwo nui ye nana ame aɖewo wua wo ɖokui. Menye nusiwo nana amewo wua wo ɖokui ɖeɖe ko gbɔe wòle be woakpɔ o ke nu vevi siwo menya kpɔna dzea sii o hãe.

Ekema nukae woate ŋu awɔ be wòana mɔkpɔkpɔ dodzidzɔname kple dzo yeye naɖo ame me ɖe agbenɔnɔ ŋu?

[Aɖaka si le axa 24]

Ameɖokuiwuwu—Ŋutsuwo Kple Nyɔnuwo

Le numekuku aɖe si wowɔ le United States nu la, togbɔ be nyɔnuwo tea wo ɖokui wuwu kpɔ zi gbɔ zi eve alo zi etɔ̃ wu ŋutsuwo hã la, enɔa bɔbɔe be ŋutsuwo nakpɔ dzidzedze le wo ɖokui wuwu me zi gbɔ zi ene wu. Nyɔnuwo léa blanui zi gbɔ zi eve wu ŋutsuwo, eye anɔ eme be esiae na wotea wo ɖokui wuwu kpɔ geɖe wu. Gake woƒe blanuilédɔwo nu mesẽna nenema gbegbe o, eye esia wɔe be mɔnu siwo wozãna hã nu mesẽna fũ akpa o. Le go bubu me la, ŋutsuwo te ŋu zãa mɔnu sẽŋuwo kple esiwo ŋu kakaɖedzi le be yewoakpɔ dzidzedze.

Gake le China la, nyɔnu geɖewo kpɔa dzidzedze wu ŋutsuwo. Le nyateƒe me la, numekuku aɖe ɖee fia be nyɔnu siwo wua wo ɖokui le xexeame godoo ƒe memama 56 le alafa me dzɔna le China, vevietɔ le kɔƒenutowo me. Wogblɔ be nusiwo na wònɔa bɔbɔe be nyɔnuwo te ŋu tea wo ɖokui wuwu kpɔ eye wowua wo ɖokui le teƒe ma enye alesi wònɔa bɔbɔe be woƒe asi nasu aɖitike wuamewo dzi.

[Aɖaka/Nɔnɔmetata si le axa 23]

Ameɖokuiwuwu Kple Akogotsitsi

Nusiwo hea blanuiléle kple ameɖokuiwuwu dometɔ ɖeka enye akogotsitsi. Jouko Lönnqvist, amesi xɔ ŋgɔ le numekuku aɖe si wowɔ le ameɖokuiwuwu ŋu le Finland gblɔ be: “Le ame akpa gãtɔ [siwo wu wo ɖokui gome la], woƒe gbesiagbegbenɔnɔ yɔ fũ kple akogotsitsi. Ɣeyiɣi geɖe le wo si, gake amewo meli woade ha kpli wo o.” Kenshiro Ohara si nye tagbɔdɔléleŋutinunyala le Hamamatsu Atikewɔwɔ Sɔsrɔ̃ Yunivɛsiti si le Japan gblɔ be, “ameɖokui ɖeɖe ɖe aga” gbɔe wòtso be ŋutsu tsitsi geɖe wu wo ɖokui le dukɔ ma me.

[Nɔnɔmetata si le axa 22]

Le ame tsitsiwo gome la, ganyawo alo dɔwɔƒe ƒe kuxiwo nyea nudzɔdzɔ siwo henɛ vɛ