Nukae Gblẽ Le Tsatsadada Ŋu?

“Australiatɔ siwo anɔ 290,000 ye nye amesiwo tsatsadada va zu kuxi na eye woawoe na dukɔa bua ga dɔlar biliɔn 3 kple edzivɔ ƒe sia ƒe. Menye amesiawo si tsatsadada va zu kuxi na ɖeɖeko ŋue wògblẽa nu le o, ke boŋ amesiwo wobu be woanɔ miliɔn 1.5 hã ŋue woƒe nuwɔnaa gblẽa nu le tẽ to agbaɖuɖu, srɔ̃gbegbe, ameɖokuiwuwu kple dɔwɔɣi si wogblẽna dzi.”​—J. Howard, Australia dukplɔla 1999.

JOHN, si míeyɔ le nyati si do ŋgɔ me va zu amesi tsatsadada zu kuxi na. * Eʋu yi Australia, afimae wòɖe Linda, si hã nye tsatsadala le. John ƒe numamea va do gã ɖe edzi. Egblɔ be: “Menɔ loto dam kakaka wòva zu gbetsotso ɖe sɔwo ƒe duɖimekeke kple hodada le tsatsadaƒewo. Mlɔeba meva nɔ tsatsa dam gbesiagbe kloe. Ɣeaɖewoɣi mezãa fetu si mexɔna keŋkeŋ be naneke mesusɔna nam matsɔ axe ŋunye fewo alo aƒle nuɖuɖu na nye ƒomea me tɔwo o. Ne meɖu ga home gã aɖe hã la, megayia edzi nɔa edada dzi. Mɔkpɔkpɔ be magaɖui ake ye zu mɔ̃ nam.”

Amesiwo le abe John ene sɔ gbɔ fũ. Edze abe tsatsadada va bɔ ɖe afisiafi ene. Magazine si nye USA Today gblɔ be tso ƒe 1976 va ɖo ƒe 1997 la, ewɔ nuku be ga si wotsɔ tsoa gbe ɖe tsatsa si ŋu se ɖe mɔ ɖo dzi le United States la dzi ɖe edzi zi gbɔ zi 3,200 le alafa me.

Canadatɔwo ƒe nyadzɔdzɔgbalẽ si nye The Globe and Mail gblɔ be: “Tsã la wobua tsatsadada be enye nu gbegblẽ le agbenyuinɔnɔ kple hadomegbenɔnɔ siaa gome. Egbea la, eva zu modzakaɖenu si dzi ame geɖe da asi ɖo.” Esi nyadzɔdzɔgbalẽa nɔ asi fiam susu ɖeka aɖe si na amewo ƒe nɔnɔme va trɔ alea la, egblɔ be: “Nusi he tɔtrɔ sia vɛ tẽ ate ŋu atso tsatsadada ŋuti boblo xɔasi si dziɖuɖua dona eye wòdoe ɣeyiɣi didi ŋutɔ le Canadatɔwo ƒe ŋutinya me la gbɔ.” Nukae agbagba siwo dzem wole be woado tsatsadada ɖe ŋgɔ gblẽ le ame aɖewo ŋu?

Tsatsadada ƒe Kuxi si Bɔ ɖe Afisiafi

Harvard Atike Kple Numame Ŋuti Nusɔsrɔ̃ Suku ƒe akɔntabubu aɖe ɖee fia be, le ƒe 1996 me la, “Amerikatɔ tsitsi miliɔn 7.5 ye tsatsadada va zu kuxi na kple amesiwo tsatsadada va zu numame si gbɔ eme na” eye tsɔ kpe ɖe eŋu la, “Amerikatɔ ƒewuivi miliɔn 7.9 ye tsatsadada va zu kuxi na kple amesiwo tsatsadada va zu numame si gbɔ eme na.” Dukɔa ƒe Tsatsadada ƒe Ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedzi Ŋuti Numekuhae kpe akɔntabubu sia ɖe nyatakaka, si wòtsɔ na United States ƒe Sewɔtakpekpea ŋu. Nyatakakaa gblɔ be ame agbɔsɔsɔ siwo tsatsadada va zu kuxi na le Amerika ate ŋu asɔ gbɔ wu esi ŋuti nuŋlɔɖi li.

Wobu akɔnta be dɔ ƒe gege le ame si, lãmegbegblẽ, fe siwo woxena na amewo le dɔmakpɔwɔe ta, kple ɖoɖo siwo wowɔna be woatsɔ ana kpekpeɖeŋu amesiwo tsatsadada zu kuxi na wɔe be United States gblẽa ga dɔlar biliɔn geɖe ƒe sia ƒe. Gake akɔntabubu sia megblɔ nya boo aɖeke tso kuxi siwo tsatsadada hena vaa amegbetɔwo dzi—siwo nye nusi wògblẽna le ƒomewo, xɔlɔ̃wo, dɔwɔhatiwo ŋu, si tsoa fififi, gaɖuɖu le dɔ me, ameɖokuiwuwu, aƒemeŋutasesẽ, kple ŋlɔmiwɔwɔ  le ɖeviwo ŋu ƒe nuwɔnawo gbɔ—ŋu o. Numekuku aɖe si wowɔ le Australia ɖee fia be amesi tsatsadada va zu kuxi na ƒe nuwɔna ate ŋu agblẽ nu le ame ewo ŋu tẽ. Nyatakaka si tso United States Dukɔa ƒe Numekuha gbɔ gblɔ be “srɔ̃tɔ 50 kple ɖevi 10 le alafa me ŋue amesi tsatsadada va zu kuxi na la sẽa ŋuta le.”

Numame si Ðena Ðe Ame Bubuwo Ŋu

Abe alesi wòle le dɔléle aɖewo gome ene la, edze abe ɖevi ate ŋu asrɔ̃ tsatsadada ƒe numamea tso edzilawo gbɔ ene. Dukɔa ƒe Tsatsadada ƒe Ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedzi Ŋuti Numekuhaa ƒe nyatakaka gblɔ be: “Enɔa bɔbɔe be tsatsadala siwo megatea ŋu ɖua wo ɖokui dzi o ƒe viwo naƒo wo ɖokui ɖe agbebaɖanɔnɔ abe atamanono, ahamumu, kple atikevɔ̃ɖiwo zazã ene me, eye ele bɔbɔe be ɖeviwo ŋutɔ nate ŋu ava zu amesiwo tsatsadada zu kuxi na alo esiwo wòzu numame si gbɔ eme na.” Nyatakakaa xlɔ̃ nu hã be “enɔa bɔbɔe be ƒewuivi tsatsadalawo nava zu amesiwo tsatsadada zu kuxi na alo esiwo wòzu numame si gbɔ eme na.”

Ðk. Howard J. Shaffer, si nye Harvard Atike Kple Numame Ŋuti Nusɔsrɔ̃ Suku ƒe tatɔ gblɔ be: “Kpeɖodzi gbogbowo li si fia be sɔhɛwo ƒe gomekpɔkpɔ le tsatsadada si mele se nu o me le  dzidzim ɖe edzi kabakaba eye ne mede ɖeke o la ate ŋu asɔ kple alesi wokpɔa gome le tsatsadada si ŋu se ɖe mɔ ɖo me alo agbɔ eŋu gɔ̃ hã.” Le amesiwo tsatsadada va zu numame si gbɔ eme na ƒe Internet ŋudɔwɔwɔ le mɔ gbegblẽ nu gome la, egblɔ be: “Abe alesi cocaine nono va trɔ nukpɔsusu si le amewo si ɖe cocaine ŋui ene la, mebui be mɔ̃ɖaŋunuwo gbɔna alesi amewo bua tsatsadadae hã trɔ ge.”

Zi geɖe woƒoa nu tso tsatsadadadɔa ŋu abe dzidzɔdonamenu si ŋu naneke megblẽ le o ene. Gake le ƒewuiviwo gome la, tsatsadada ate ŋu ava zu numame wu atikevɔ̃ɖi kura gɔ̃ hã eye wòate ŋu akplɔ wo ade nuvlowɔwɔ me. Numekuku aɖe si wowɔ le United Kingdom ɖee fia be, le ƒewuivi siwo daa tsatsa dome la, “46 le alafa me fina woƒe ƒomea ƒe ga” tsɔ kpɔa woƒe numamea gbɔe.

Togbɔ be kpeɖodzinya siwo ŋu míeƒo nu tsoe li hã la, tsatsadahabɔbɔ xɔŋkɔ aɖe ʋli tsatsadada dodo ɖe ŋgɔ ta kple nya siawo be: “Amerikatɔ akpa gãtɔ siwo kpɔa dzidzɔ ɖe fefewo ŋu medoa go kuxi le mɔ aɖeke nu kura o.” Gake ne èsusu be tsatsadada megblẽa naneke le yeƒe ganyawo alo lãmesẽnyawo ŋu o gɔ̃ hã la, ŋusẽ kae wòate ŋu akpɔ ɖe wò gbɔgbɔmelãmesẽ dzi? Ðe susu nyuiwo li si ta wòle be nàƒo asa na tsatsadadaa? Nyati si gbɔna adzro nyabiabia siawo me.

[Etenuŋɔŋlɔwo]

 [Aɖaka/Nɔnɔmetata si le axa 4, 5]

Ðe Tsatsadada Zu Kuxi Nama?

Le Amerikatɔwo ƒe Habɔbɔ si Kpɔa Tagbɔdɔlélawo Gbɔ ƒe nya nu la, dzidzenu siwo gbɔna siwo dze le axa 5 lia ate ŋu anye mɔfiame siwo ana woanya amesi tsatsadada zu numame si gbɔ eme na (si woyɔna ɣeaɖewoɣi be tsatsadada ƒe numame). Eŋununyala akpa gãtɔ da asi ɖe edzi be ne nɔnɔme siwo gbɔna dometɔ geɖe le ŋuwò la, ekema ènye amesi tsatsadada zu kuxi na, eye ne wo dometɔ aɖe koe le ŋuwò la, ke ele bɔbɔe be àte ŋu ava anye amesi tsatsadada zu kuxi na.

 Eŋu bubu Ne tsatsadada xɔ susu me na wò—nènɔa agbagba dzem be yeagaɖo ŋku tsatsa siwo nèda va yi ŋuti nuteƒekpɔkpɔwo dzi, ɖoɖowɔwɔ ɖe bubu dada ŋu, alo mɔ siwo dzi nàto akpɔ ga ada tsatsa ŋu bubu.

Mɔɖeɖeɖenuŋu Ga gbogbo zazã ɖe tsatsadada ŋu kple susu be yeƒe asi nasu nusi dim yele dzi.

Asiɖeɖe le eŋu Dzi medzɔa wò alo lãme mekɔna na wò ne èdi be yeaɖe tsatsadada dzi akpɔtɔ alo adzudzɔ o.

Sisi le kuxi nu Edaa tsatsa wònyea mɔ si dzi nètona sina le kuxiwo nu alo tsɔ ɖea wɔnamanɔameŋu, fɔɖiɖi, dzimaɖitsitsi, alo blanuiléle ƒe seselelãmewo dzi kpɔtɔna.

Nusi bu na ame yometiti Zi geɖe ne ga gbogbo aɖe fiã le tsatsadada me la, ègava danɛ le ŋkeke bubu dzi kple susu be yeaɖui ɖe eteƒe. Woyɔa nɔnɔme sia be nusi bu na ame yometiti.

Aʋatsokaka Èkaa aʋatso na wò ƒomea me tɔwo, dɔyɔɖaŋuɖolawo, alo ame bubuwo tsɔ ɣlaa alesi gbegbe nèƒo ɖokuiwò ɖe tsatsadada mee.

Ameɖokui dzi maɖumaɖu Ète kpɔ zi gbɔ zi geɖe be yeadzudzɔ tsatsadada, aɖu edzi, alo aɖe edada dzi akpɔtɔ, gake medze edzi o.

Nu manɔsenuwo wɔwɔ Èwɔ nu manɔsenuwo, abe ametafatafa, fififi, alo asibublu ɖe ga me le dɔme ene be nàte ŋu akpɔ ga ada tsatsa.

Ƒomedodo vevi aɖe dede afɔku me Ède ƒomedodo vevi aɖe afɔku me alo gblẽ edome kura, èbu sukudede alo dɔwɔɖui aɖe ƒe mɔnukpɔkpɔ alo dɔ ge le asiwò kura le tsatsadada ta.

Ŋuɖoɖo ɖe ame bubuwo ƒe kotoku me ŋu Èɖoa ŋu ɖe ame bubuwo ŋu be woatsɔ ga akpɔ kuxi sesẽ aɖe si tsatsadada he vɛ la gbɔ.

Source: National Opinion Research Center at the University of Chicago, Gemini Research, and The Lewin Group.

[Aɖaka/Nɔnɔmetata si le axa 7]

Gbedasi Siwo Nɔa Tsatsadada ƒe Boblododowo Me

Numekula siwo le Duke Yunivɛsiti, si le United States ƒe nyatakaka si wòna Dukɔa ƒe Tsatsadada ƒe Ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedzi Ŋuti Numekuha gblɔ be: “Woate ŋu abu . . . lotodada dodo ɖe ŋgɔ be enye nu nyui fiafia, si fia be tsatsadada nye nuwɔna si ŋu naneke megblẽ le o.” Nuka tututue loto ŋuti boblododowo gblẽna le amewo ŋu? Nyatakakaa gblɔ be: “Ðewohĩ manye amiɖeɖe ɖe nya be woagblɔ be gbedasi si nɔa boblo si wodona ɖe lotodada ŋu me nyea nusi gblẽa agbenyuinɔnɔ o—be xexlẽdzesi nyuitɔ tiatia dzie dzidzedzekpɔkpɔ nɔ te ɖo. Lotodɔwɔhawo ƒe ‘ameflumɔnu’ sia si dzi wotona la ate ŋu agblẽ nu le dziɖuɖu ƒe gakpɔmɔnuwo boŋ ŋu, eye wòate ŋu ate ganyawo ɖe to mlɔeba. Vevietɔ ne lotodada dodo ɖe ŋgɔ medea dɔwɔwɔ, gadzadzraɖo kple ame ŋutɔ ƒe gazazã ɖe sukudede kple hehexɔxɔ ŋu ƒe dzi ƒo o la, ʋɛʋɛʋɛ la, ana amewo magado vevie dɔwɔwɔ o. Aleke kee wòɖale o, menye mɔkpɔkpɔ na nukunuwo ye nye nusi koŋ míefiana mía viwo o.”

[Aɖaka/Nɔnɔmetata siwo le axa 8]

Aƒe Ðesiaɖe Zu Tsatsadaƒe

Ga si tsatsadadɔwɔhawo atsɔ atu tsatsadaƒe yeyewoe ƒe sue aɖe ko zãmee wole fifia tsɔ le Internet nyatakakadiƒewo ʋumee, siwo ate ŋu atrɔ aƒe ɖesiaɖe kloe si me wowɔa Internet ŋudɔ le wòazu tsatsadaƒe kura. Le ƒe 1990-awo ƒe domedome la, tsatsadada ŋuti nyatakakadiƒe siwo ade 25 ye nɔ Internet dzi. Le ƒe 2001 me la, nyatakakadiƒe siwo wu 1,200 ye nɔ anyi, eye ga si Internet dzi tsatsadada hena vɛ le dzidzim ɖe edzi ƒe sia ƒe. Le ƒe 1997 me la, wokpɔ ga dɔlar miliɔn 300 tso Internet dzi tsatsadada me. Le ƒe 1998 me la, wogakpɔ ga dɔlar miliɔn 650. Le ƒe 2000 me la, Internet dzi tsatsadaƒewo kpɔ ga dɔlar biliɔn 2.2, eye Reuters ƒe nyatakaka gblɔ be kaka ƒe 2003 naɖo la “wokpɔ mɔ be ga si woakpɔ adzi ɖe edzi aɖo biliɔn 6.4.”

[Nɔnɔmetata si le axa 6]

Nusi tsatsadada si zu kuxi gblẽna le amewo ŋu dometɔ aɖewoe nye ƒomewo ƒe ga makpɔmakpɔ atsɔ aɖu nui

[Nɔnɔmetata si le axa 7]

Sɔhɛwo ƒe tsatsadada le dzidzim ɖe edzi ŋɔdzitɔe

[Nɔnɔmetata si le axa 8]

Enɔa bɔbɔe be tsatsadala siwo megatea ŋu ɖua wo ɖokui dzi o ƒe viwo nazu amesiwo tsatsadada zu kuxi na