AIDS Kaka ɖe Afrika

“Afɔku gã dziŋɔ aɖe dze ŋgɔ mí le míaƒe ɣeyiɣia me.”

NYA siawo si Stephen Lewis, Dukɔ Ƒoƒuawo ƒe amedɔdɔ tɔxɛ si léa ŋku ɖe HIV/AIDS nyawo ŋu le Afrika gblɔ la, ɖe alesi gbegbe ame geɖe le vɔvɔ̃m ɖe AIDS ta le Afrika Sahara Dzogbe ƒe anyiehe la fia.

Nu geɖewoe na HIV le kakam ɖe Afrika. Eye AIDS dzi kuxi bubuwo hã ɖe edzi. Zi geɖe la, nɔnɔme siwo yia edzi le Afrika dukɔ geɖewo kple xexeame ƒe akpa bubu siwo AIDS le ta kekem le me la tso nusiwo gbɔna gbɔ.

Agbenyuimanɔmanɔ. Esi wònye gbɔdɔdɔ me koŋue woxɔa HIV dɔlékuia le ta la, agbegbegblẽnɔnɔ enye nu ɖeka si na dɔlélea le dzidzim  ɖe edzi kabakaba. Ke hã ame geɖewo susuna be menyo be woaƒoe ɖe amesiwo meɖe srɔ̃ o nu be woatsri gbɔdɔdɔ o. Francois Dufour ŋlɔ ɖe nyadzɔdzɔgbalẽ si nye The Star si wotana le Johannesburg, South Africa, me be: “Nuxɔxlɔ̃ ƒewuiviwo be woatsri gbɔdɔdɔ ɖeɖeko makpɔ nyaa gbɔ o. Wokpɔa alesi wodi be woanɔ kple alesi wodi be woawɔ nui ƒe kpɔɖeŋuwo siwo nyɔa gbɔdɔdɔ ɖe wo me gbesiagbe.”

Edze abe sɔhɛwo ƒe agbenɔnɔ le kpe ɖom numekuku sia dzi ene. Le kpɔɖeŋu me, numekuku aɖe si wowɔ le dukɔ aɖe me ɖee fia be sɔhɛ siwo xɔ tso ƒe 12 va ɖo 17 ƒe akpa etɔ̃lia lɔƒo kpɔ gome le gbɔdɔdɔ me.

Wogblɔ be ame gbɔ dɔdɔ sesẽe nye kuxi gã aɖe le South Africa dukɔa me. Johannesburg ƒe nyadzɔdzɔgbalẽ si nye Citizen ka nya ta be: “Ebɔ eye wònye nusi ɖea fu na nyɔnuwo kple vevietɔ ɖeviwo wu dɔléle bubu ɖesiaɖe le dukɔ sia me.” Nyati ma ke gagblɔ be: “Ðeviwo gbɔ dɔdɔ sesẽe dzi ɖe edzi zi gbɔ zi eve le ɣeyiɣi siawo me . . . Edze abe anye aʋatsodzixɔse si nye be ne amesi ŋu HIV dɔlékui le la dɔ ɖetugbi leaƒe gbɔ sesẽe la akpɔ hayahaya gbɔe wòtsona ene.”

Nulɔdɔ. Wolɔa nu kabakaba ŋutɔ le nuto sia me. South African Medical Journal gblɔ be: “Alesi nulɔdɔ bɔe na be HIV-1 dɔlékui ƒe afɔkudzedze nu sẽ ɖe dzi zi gbɔ zi 2 va ɖo 5.”

 Ahedada. Afrika dukɔ geɖe le fu kpem le ahedada ta eye nɔnɔme sia wɔe be AIDS te ŋu le ta kekem. Nusiwo wobuna be wonye nu bɔbɔ le dukɔ deŋgɔwo me la mele dukɔ dahe akpa gãtɔ me o. Elektrik mele nuto gã geɖewo me o eye womekpɔa tsi nyui hã nona o. Lɔrimɔwo mede ame dzi le kɔƒenutowo me o eye mele teƒe aɖewo ya kura o. Nutoa me nɔla geɖe mekpɔa nu nyui ɖuna o, eye kɔdzi ʋɛ aɖewo koe li.

AIDS hea asitsadɔ kple adzɔnuwɔƒewo ƒe dɔwɔnawo ɖe megbe. Alesi dɔwɔla geɖewo le dɔa lém na be dɔwɔwɔ yi to le tomenukuƒewo. Wo dometɔ aɖewo le ŋugble dem le mɔ̃ siwo woazã le dɔ aɖewo wɔwɔ me ale be woaxɔ ɖe ameawo teƒe ŋu. Wobu akɔnta le ƒe 2000 me be dɔwɔla siwo xɔ AIDS dɔlélea dzi ɖe edzi zi gbɔ zi eve kloe le platinum-kuƒe aɖe, eye dɔwɔla siwo ƒe xexlẽme anɔ 26 le alafa me ye xɔ dɔa.

Nɔnɔme wɔnublanui si AIDS hena vɛ ƒe ɖe enye be, enaa ɖevi gbogbo aɖewo va zua tsyɔ̃eviwo ne wo dzilawo trɔ megbe. Tsɔ kpe ɖe dzilawo ƒe ku kple gakuxiwo ŋu la, ele be ɖevi siawo nakpe akɔ kple vlododo si kpena ɖe AIDS ŋu. Zi geɖe la, nu meva nɔa ƒometɔwo alo nutoa me tɔwo si woatsɔ akpe ɖe wo ŋu o alo womadi be yewoakpe ɖe wo ŋu o. Tsyɔ̃evi geɖewo dzudzɔa sukudede. Wo dometɔ aɖewo trɔna ɖe gbolowɔwɔ ŋu si nana be dɔlélea gakakana ɖe edzi. Ðoɖo le dukɔ geɖe alo habɔbɔ nɔɖokuisi aɖewo si siwo dzi wotona naa kpekpeɖeŋu tsyɔ̃evi siawo.

Manyamanya. Ame gbogbo siwo xɔ HIV dɔlékuia menya be yewoxɔe o. Wo dometɔ geɖe medina be woado yewo akpɔ o le ŋukpe si wòava nye na wo ta. Dukɔ Ƒoƒuawo ƒe HIV/AIDS Ðekawɔɖoɖo (UNAIDS) gblɔ be: “Ate ŋu adzɔ be woate nu amesiwo ŋu wosusu be HIV dɔlékuia le la le atikewɔƒe, le aƒe si me woanɔ kple dɔwɔɖui kpɔkpɔ me, wo xɔlɔ̃wo kple hatiwo agbe wo, eye woagbe nugblẽfexeɖoɖo wɔwɔ na wo, alo be woate dukɔ bubu me yiyi ƒe mɔnukpɔkpɔ wo.” Wowu wo dometɔ aɖewo gɔ̃ hã esi wokpɔ HIV dɔlékuia le wo ŋu.

Dekɔnuwo. Le Afrika dekɔnu geɖewo me la, nyɔnu mekpɔ mɔ abia gbe srɔ̃a ku ɖe nyɔnu bubu gbɔ dede ŋu o, alo mekpɔ mɔ ate srɔ̃nuae o, alo ado nusi woawɔ be woanɔ dedie le gbɔdɔdɔnyawo me ƒe susu ɖa o. Edzena le dekɔnu geɖewo me be womenya nu geɖe tso AIDS ŋu o eye womelɔ̃na ɖe edzi be eli hã o. Le kpɔɖeŋu me, wote ŋu gblɔna be adzewo gbɔe dɔlélea tso, eye wodia kpekpeɖeŋu tso dzotɔwo gbɔ.

 Dɔléle gbɔkpɔnuwo ƒe anyimanɔmanɔ. Wozã dɔléle gbɔkpɔnu ʋɛ siwo li wòglo xoxo eye AIDS na wogale wo zãm ɖe edzi wu. Dɔnɔkɔdzi gã eve ka nya ta be HIV dɔlékui le dɔnɔ siwo yewoxɔ ɖe kɔdzi ƒe afã ŋu. Dɔnɔdzikpɔlagã si le kɔ aɖe dzi le KwaZulu-Natal gblɔ be, le dɔnɔdzikpɔƒe ƒe akpa si yele dɔ wɔm le me la, amesiwo mlɔa dɔnɔxɔawo me la gbɔ edzi alafa memama 140. Ɣeaɖewoɣi la, ele na dɔnɔ eve be woamlɔ abati ɖeka dzi, eye etɔ̃lia namlɔ wo gbɔ le anyigba!—South African Medical Journal.

Togbɔ be nɔnɔmea wɔ nublanui le Afrika alea hã la, nusiwo le edzi yim fia be nɔnɔmea agate ŋu agblẽ ɖe edzi kura wu. Peter Piot si nye UNAIDS dɔdzikpɔlagã gblɔ be: “Dɔvɔ̃a mekpɔ kplɔ mí ɖo afia aɖeke haɖe o.”

Míekpɔe be wole agbagba dzem le dukɔ aɖewo me be woalé dɔlélea nu. Eye esia nye zi gbãtɔ si Dukɔ Ƒoƒuawo ƒe Sewɔtakpekpe wɔ takpekpe tɔxɛ aɖe ku ɖe HIV/AIDS ŋu le June 2001 me. Ðe agbagba siwo dzem amegbetɔwo le ana woakpɔ dzidzedzea? Ɣekaɣie woava tsi AIDS dɔvɔ̃a ƒe kaka nu?

[Aɖaka/Nɔnɔmetata si le axa 5]

AIDS-TIKE SI NYE NEVIRAPINE KPLE EƑE KUXI LE SOUTH AFRICA

Nukae nye nevirapine? Nyadzɔdzɔŋlɔla Nicole Itano gblɔ be enye “atike si wɔa avu kple dɔlékui vɔ̃ɖi aɖewo si wodo kpɔ hekpɔ be ate ŋu aɖiɖi AIDS dɔlékui si [atso vidada me] age ɖe vidzĩa me ƒe ŋusẽ nu va ɖo afã lɔƒo.” Atikewɔƒe aɖe si le Germany tsɔe ɖo eɖokui dzi be yeanɔ atikea ɖom ɖe South Africa femaxee ƒe atɔ̃. Ke hã dziɖuɖua gbe nunanaa xɔxɔ ʋuu va ɖo August 2001. Nuka gbɔe wòtso?

HIV dɔlékuia xɔla miliɔn 4.7 ye le South Africa, eye xexlẽme sia gbɔ esiwo le xexeame dukɔ bubu ɖesiaɖe me tɔ ŋu. Woka nya ta le February 2002 le The Economist, si nye nyadzɔdzɔgbalẽ si wotana le London, me be South Africa Dukplɔla Thabo Mbeki “meka ɖe nukpɔsusu nyanyɛ si nye be HIV dɔlékui ye hea AIDS dɔlélea vɛ la dzi o,” eye “ele vɔvɔ̃m le nusi AIDS-tikea ate ŋu agblẽ, eƒe nyonyome, kple nenye be AIDS-tikee wònye vavã ŋu. Mede se ɖe wo nu ya o, gake eɖea dzi le South Africa ɖɔktawo ƒo le ezazã me.” Nukatae wotsi dzi ɖe nya sia ŋu vevie alea? Elabena le vidzĩ siwo wodzina le South Africa ƒe sia ƒe dome la, HIV dɔlékuia nɔa wo dometɔ akpe geɖe ŋu, eye ele funɔ alafa memama 25 ŋu.

Le nukpɔsusu masɔmasɔ siawo ta, wotsɔ nya ɖe dziɖuɖua ŋu le ʋɔnudrɔ̃ƒe be woaƒo nya ɖe enu be wòama nevirapine la. South Africa ƒe Dukplɔsetakpɔʋɔnudrɔ̃ƒea gblɔ eƒe nukpɔsusu le April 2002. Ravi Nessman ƒe nya si wòŋlɔ ɖe nyadzɔdzɔgbalẽ si nyeThe Washington Post me gblɔ be ʋɔnudrɔ̃ƒea tso nya me be “ele be dziɖuɖua nama atikea ɖe atikewɔƒe siwo woate ŋu akpɔ ameawo gbɔ le.” Esi South Africa dziɖuɖua va nɔ atikea mam ɖe teƒe tiatia 18 be wòatsɔ ado alesi eƒe dɔwɔna ava nɔ kpɔ la, dzi va ɖo funɔ siwo katã xɔ HIV dɔlékuia le dukɔa me la ƒo ɖe nyametsotso yeye sia ta.

 [Aɖaka/Nɔnɔmetata si le axa 6]

DƆLÉKUI DZEAYE SIWO DZEA LÃMENUGBAGBEVI DZI

Na míalé ŋku ɖe dɔlékui si tsia ŋutilã ƒe avuwɔwɔ kple dɔléle ŋutete nu (HIV) ŋu vie kpɔ. Dzɔdzɔmeŋutinunyala aɖe gblɔ be: “Esi melé ŋku ɖe dɔlékui siawo ŋu to elɛktrɔn nusuekpɔmɔ̃ me ƒe geɖe megbe la, aɖaŋu si dze le nu sue ma gbegbe me si gɔme menya sena bɔbɔe o si wɔa dɔ le ɖoɖonu la gawɔa nuku nam kokoko.”

Dɔlékui le sue wu nugbagbevi sue, eye nugbagbevi sue hã gale sue ŋutɔ wu amegbetɔ ƒe lãmenugbagbevi akpa gãtɔ. Numekugbalẽ aɖe gblɔ be HIV dɔlékuia le sue ale gbegbe be “[HIV dɔlékui] miliɔn 230 ƒe ƒuƒoƒo ate ŋu asɔ kple tɔtɔdzesi si wu nyafɔkpe sia nu.” Dɔlékui mate ŋu adzi ɖe edzi o negbe ɖe wòge ɖe lãmenugbagbevi me heɖu nusiwo le eme dzi hafi.

Ne HIV dɔlékui ge ɖe ame ƒe ŋutilã me la, ele be wòawɔ avu vevie kple nusiwo tsia dɔléle nu. * Ʋumenugbagbeviɣi siwo nye taʋliha la tsoa ƒutomemi la me. Lymphocyte (nugbagbevi si wɔa avu kple dɔlékui) ƒomevi evee le ʋumenugbagbeviɣiawo me si woyɔna be T cells kple B cells. Woyɔa ʋumenugbagbeviɣi bubu aɖewo be phagocytes, alo “lãmenugbagbeviɖulawo.”

Dɔ vovovowoe T cells ƒe hatsotsowo wɔna. Esiwo woyɔna be kpeɖeŋutɔ na T cells wɔa akpa vevi aɖe le aʋawɔwɔ me. Kpeɖeŋutɔ na T cells ƒe hatsotsoa dea dzesi nugblẽla siwo ge ɖe lãme na ame eye woɖea gbe be woawɔ lãmenugbagbevi siwo awɔ avu kple futɔa ahatsrɔ̃e ɖa. Kpeɖeŋutɔ na T cells hatsotsoa koŋue HIV dɔlékuia tɔa ŋkui le eƒe amedzidzedzea me. Esiwo nye nutsrɔ̃la na T cells hatsotsoa tsona ɖe gbeɖeɖe si woxɔ dzi tsrɔ̃a lãmenugbagbevi siwo dzi dɔlékuiawo dze. Lãmenugbagbevi siwo nye B cells wɔa dɔlékuiwunuwo.

Ayemenuwɔwɔ Aɖe

Wobua HIV dɔlékuiwo be wonye dɔlékui siwo trɔa domenyiŋusẽfianuwo ƒe nyatakakawo. HIV ƒe nɔnɔmetata le abe domenyiŋusẽfianu ƒe nyatakakatsɔlawo (RNA [ribonucleic acid]) tɔ ene, ke menye abe domenyiŋusẽfianu (DNA [deoxyribonucleic acid]) tɔ ene o. Wobu HIV dɔlékui siwo trɔa domenyiŋusẽ ƒe nyatakaka de hatsotso siwo gblẽa nu blewu la dome le esi wòxɔa ɣeyiɣi geɖe hafi dɔlélea ŋu dzesiwo va dzena ta.

Ne HIV dɔlékui nya ge ɖe lãmenugbagbevi aɖe me ko la, ete ŋu zãa lãmenugbagbevi ma ƒe dɔwɔŋutete tsɔ kpɔa eya ŋutɔ ƒe taɖodzinuwo gbɔ. ‘Etrɔa’ dɔmenyiŋusẽfianua ƒe ‘nyatakakawo’ ale be wòate ŋu awɔ HIV dɔlékui gbogbo aɖewo. Gake hafi HIV dɔlékuia nate ŋu awɔ esia la, ele be “wòado gbe” bubu. Ele be wòatrɔ eya ŋutɔ ƒe nyatakaka si wòtsɔ ɖe asi vɛ la wòanɔ abe ame ŋutɔ ƒe domenyiŋusẽfianu gbɔe wòtso ene ale be lãmenugbagbevi si dzi wòdze nate ŋu asusui nenema. Be esia nanya wɔ la, HIV dɔlékuia zãa lãmetsi aɖe si tsɔa nyatakaka yina na lãmenugbagbevia. Ne eto lãmenugbagbevia dzi gblɔ nɛ be wòawɔ HIV dɔlékui yeye akpe nanewo vɔ megbe la, lãmenugbagbevia ŋutɔ va kuna. Dɔlékui yeye siawo dona le lãmenugbagbevi sia me va gblẽa nu le lãmenugbagbevi bubuwo ŋu.

Ne kpeɖeŋutɔ T cells hatsotsoa ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ dzi nya ɖe kpɔtɔ wòɖe dzesi ko la, nugblẽla bubuwo ate ŋu akpɔ ŋusẽ ɖe ŋutilã la dzi bɔbɔe. Ŋutilã la va ɖea mɔ ɖe dɔléle ƒomevi ɖesiaɖe ŋu. Fifia la, dɔlékuia tsina ɖe amesi xɔe la ŋu nyuie wòzua AIDS blibo. HIV dɔlékuia kpɔ dzidzedze keŋkeŋ azɔ le nu gbegblẽ le ame ƒe dɔlélenutsiŋutetea ŋu me.

Esia nye emeɖeɖe le mɔ bɔbɔetɔ nu. Ele be wòanɔ susu me na mí be nu geɖe gali si numekulawo menya le dɔlélenutsiŋutete kple alesi HIV dɔlékuia ƒe dɔwɔnawo le ŋu haɖe o.

Ƒe blave kloe enye sia la, dɔlékui sue sia na atikewɔla numekula gã siwo le xexeame godoo tsɔ woƒe susu kple ŋutete ɖesiaɖe vu ɖe eŋu blibo, si na wogblẽ ga geɖe. Esia va na wote ŋu nya nu geɖe tso HIV dɔlékuia ŋu. Amekola Ðk. Sherwin B. Nuland gblɔ ƒe aɖewo enye si va yi be: “Nyatakaka siwo nu woƒo ƒu . . . ku ɖe dɔlékui si tsia ŋutilã ƒe avuwɔŋusẽ nu tsɔ kpe ɖe dzadzraɖo si wowɔ be woakpe akɔ kplii ŋu la wɔ nuku ale gbegbe.”

Ke hã AIDS ƒe nugbegblẽa le edzi yim vɔ̃ɖitɔe.

[Etenuŋɔŋlɔ]

[Nɔnɔmetata]

HIV dɔlékuia dze ʋumenugbagbevi siwo wɔa avu kple dɔlékui dzi eye wòtrɔa woƒe nyatakakawo be wòawɔ HIV dɔlékuiwo

[Afi Si Míexɔ Mɔɖeɖe Tso]

CDC, Atlanta, Ga.

[Nɔnɔmetata si le axa 7]

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