Nukae le Dzɔdzɔm ɖe Yame Ƒe Nɔnɔme Dzi?

“Tsiɖɔɖɔ dziŋɔ kpakple ahomya sesẽ siwo teƒe kpɔm míele fifia la le edzi yi ge geɖe wu.”—THOMAS LOSTER, YAME ƑE NƆNƆME ŊUTINUNYALA BIBI.

ÐE NANE gblẽ le yame ƒe nɔnɔmea ŋu nyateƒea? Ame geɖe le vɔvɔ̃m be nane gblẽ le eŋu. Yamenutomeŋununyala Ðk. Peter Werner, si le Yame ƒe Nɔnɔme Me Tsonuwo Ŋutinusrɔ̃ƒe si le Potsdam, gblɔ be: “Ne míelé ŋku ɖe yame ƒe nɔnɔme ŋu le xexeame godoo—tsi ƒe dzadza fũ, tsiɖɔɖɔ, kuɖiɖi, ya sesẽwo ƒe ƒoƒo—hekpɔ alesi wòle yiyimee la, míate ŋu agblɔe wòasɔ be yame ƒe nɔnɔme me tsonu gbɔme siawo dzi ɖe edzi zi gbɔ zi ene le ƒe 50 siwo va yi me.”

Ame geɖe susu be yame ƒe nɔnɔme manyatalenu siawo nye xexeame ƒe dzoxɔxɔ ƒe kpeɖodzi—si woyɔna be yame ƒe dzoxɔxɔ gbagbagbã kple ya ƒe ɖiƒoƒo. United States Nutome Takpɔha ɖe nu me be: “Yame ƒe dzoxɔxɔ gbagbagbãe nana dzoxɔxɔ nu sẽna le Anyigbaa dzi, elabena ya aɖewo siwo le anyigbaa dzi (le kpɔɖeŋu me, afu si dona le tsi me, carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, kple methane) ye léa dzoxɔxɔ si tso ɣea gbɔ ɖi. Ya siawo manɔmee la, dzoxɔxɔ adzo ayi yamenutome ʋĩ eye Anyigba afa miamiamia ate ŋu aɖo dzidzenu si nye Celsius 33.”

Gake ame geɖe gblɔ be amegbetɔwo gblẽ nu le dzɔdzɔmenu siawo ŋu le manyamanya me. Earth Observatory, agbalẽ si me nyawo wodena kɔmpiuta dzi si United States Dukɔa ƒe Dɔwɔƒe si Kpɔa Yameʋuwo ƒe Dɔwɔwɔ Kple Yamenutome Ŋuti Nyawo Gbɔ tana me nyati aɖe gblɔ be: “Ƒe gbogbo aɖewoe nye sia ya siwo léa dzoxɔxɔ le amegbetɔwo ƒe adzɔnuwɔƒewo kple esiwo le ʋuwo me tsom le kakam ɖe yame. . . . Dzɔdzɔmeŋutinunyala geɖewo le vɔvɔ̃m be ya siwo léa dzoxɔxɔ ɖi ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ gã si le kakam ɖe yamee na be dzoxɔxɔ mete ŋu dzona le Anyigbaa dzi o. Efia be ya siawo na dzoxɔxɔ gã tsia yame le Anyigbaa dzi abe alesi dzoxɔxɔ tsoa ɣea gbɔ gena ɖe lɔri si ƒe fesre wotu me gake megate ŋu dona fesrea maʋumaʋui o ene.”

Ðikelawo gblɔ be ya siwo léa dzoxɔxɔ ɖi siwo kakana ɖe anyigbaa dzi la ƒe akpa sue aɖe koe tso amegbetɔwo ƒe nuwɔnawo gbɔ. Ke hã Dziɖuɖu Vovo me Tɔ Siwo Kua Yame ƒe Nɔnɔme ƒe Tɔtrɔ Ŋu Nyawo Me, si nye numekuha aɖe si Xexeame ƒe Yamenutomeŋununyalawo ƒe Habɔbɔ kple Dukɔ Ƒoƒuawo ƒe Nutome Ðoɖowɔha doa alɔe ka nya ta be: “Kpeɖodzi sẽŋu yeye aɖe li si fia be xexeame ƒe dzoxɔxɔ si ŋu wolé ŋku ɖo le ƒe 50 siwo va yi me la ƒe akpa gãtɔ tso amegbetɔwo ƒe nuwɔnawo gbɔ.”

Yame ƒe nɔnɔme ŋuti nunyala Pieter Tans, si le Dukɔa ƒe Dɔwɔƒe si Kpɔa Atsiaƒu Kple  Yamenutome Nyawo Gbɔ gblɔ be: “Ne wobe mada nyaa kpɔ la, magblɔ be fɔɖiɖia ƒe akpa 60 le alafa me tso mía gbɔ . . . Eƒe akpa 40 mamlɛ le alafa me tso dzɔdzɔmeŋusẽwo gbɔ.”

Nusiwo Ate Ŋu Ado Tso Xexeame ƒe Dzoxɔxɔ Me

Ekema ya siwo léa dzoxɔxɔ ɖi siwo amegbetɔwo ƒe dɔwɔnawo hena vɛ me tsonu kawo kpɔm míele? Dzɔdzɔmeŋutinunyala akpa gãtɔ lɔ̃ ɖe edzi azɔ be dzoxɔxɔ le anyigba dzi wu alesi dze nyateƒe. Aleke gbegbe dzoxɔxɔ sia yi dzii? Yame ƒe Nɔnɔme ƒe Tɔtrɔ Ŋuti Numekuhaa ƒe ƒe 2001 ƒe nyatakaka gblɔ be: “Tso ƒe alafa 19 lia ƒe nuwuwu la, xexeame ƒe dzoxɔxɔ yi dzi tso dzidzenu Celsius 0.4 va ɖo 0.8.” Numekula geɖe xɔe se be yame ƒe tɔtrɔ si teƒe kpɔm míele la ate ŋu atso dzoxɔxɔ ƒe dziyiyi sue sia gbɔ.

Enye nyateƒe be yame ƒe nɔnɔme si le anyigbaa dzi gɔmesese mele bɔbɔe kura o, eye ne xexeame ƒe dzoxɔxɔ me tsonu aɖe li—hã—la, dzɔdzɔmeŋutinunyalawo mate ŋu agblɔe kple kakaɖedzi o. Ke hã ame geɖe xɔe se be xexeame ƒe dzoxɔxɔ gbɔe wòtso tsi dzana le Anyigba ƒe Dziehe fũ, ku ɖina le Asia kple Afrika vevie, eye El Niño nudzɔdzɔwo dzi ɖe edzi le Pasifik-nutowo me.

Nɔnɔmea Gbɔ Kpɔnu Hiã—Le Xexeame Katã

Esi ame geɖe bua kuxi sia be etso amegbetɔwo gbɔ ta la, ɖe amegbetɔwo mate ŋu akpɔ egbɔ oa? Nuto geɖewo gɔ̃ hã wɔ sewo xoxo be woatsɔ aɖe ɖiƒoƒo si tsoa lɔriwo kple adzɔnuwɔƒewo gbɔ la dzi akpɔtɔe. Gake togbɔ be agbagbadzedze mawo dze na kafukafu hã la—womete ŋu kpɔ kuxia gbɔ o. Xexeame katãe ɖiƒoƒo ƒe kuxia le, eyata xexeame katãe wòle be woakpɔ egbɔ le! Le ƒe 1992 me la, wowɔ Takpekpe le Rio de Janeiro ku ɖe Anyigbaa ŋu. Le ƒe ewo megbe la, wowɔ Xexeame Katã ƒe Takpekpe ku ɖe Anyigbaa Ŋudɔwɔwɔ Edome Magblẽmagblẽe ŋu le Johannesburg, South Africa. Amesiwo ade 40,000 ye de takpekpe sia le ƒe 2002 me, hekpe ɖe dukplɔla 100 ŋu.

Takpekpe siawo te dzɔdzɔmeŋutinunyala geɖewo ƒo ƒui le nu geɖe me. Germanytɔwo ƒe nyadzɔdzɔgbalẽ si nye Der Tagesspiegel ɖe nu me be: “Togbɔ be ɖikeke nɔ dzɔdzɔmeŋutinunyala akpa gãtɔ me tso xexeame ƒe dzoxɔxɔ me tsonuwo ŋu ɣemaɣi [le 1992 me] hã la, ɖikeke boo aɖeke megale wo me fifia o.” Togbɔ be ele alea hã la, Germanytɔwo ƒe nutome dzikpɔla Jürgen Trittin ɖo ŋku nu dzi na mí be vaseɖe fifia la womeke ɖe kuxia gbɔ kpɔnu ŋutɔŋutɔ ŋu haɖe o. “Eyata ete gbe ɖe edzi be mele be Johannesburg takpekpea nanye nyagbɔgblɔ ƒuƒlu ko o, ke boŋ ele be woatsɔ nya siwo wogblɔ la ade dɔwɔna me.”

Ðe Woate Ŋu Atsi Nugbegblẽ le Nutowo me Ŋu Nua?

Nutomekuxi gbogbo siwo dze ŋgɔ ameƒomea dometɔ ɖeka koe xexeame ƒe dzoxɔxɔ nye. Nuƒoƒo tso afɔɖeɖe si akpɔ kuxia gbɔ ŋu le bɔbɔe sasasã wu ewɔwɔ. Jane Goodall, si nye lãwo ŋutinusrɔ̃la si nye Britaintɔ la ŋlɔ bena: “Esi míele nusiwo gbegbe míegblẽ le míaƒe anyigbaa ŋu kpɔm azɔ la, míele nusianu si míate ŋu awɔ ake ɖe mɔ̃ɖaŋununya si akpɔ kuxia gbɔ ŋu la dim.” Gake exlɔ̃ nu be: “Mɔ̃ɖaŋununya ɖeɖe mesɔ gbɔ o. Ele be míaƒe dziwo hã naku ɖe kuxia gbɔ kpɔnu didi ŋu.”

 Gade ŋugble le xexeame ƒe dzoxɔxɔ ƒe kuxia ŋu ake. Ðiƒoƒo gbɔ kpɔmɔnu xɔ asi ale gbegbe; zi geɖe la dukɔ dahewo mete ŋu kpɔa ga nɛ o. Eyata eŋunyala aɖewo le vɔvɔ̃m be mɔxenuwo ɖoɖo elektrikŋusẽ zazã dzi ana adzɔnuwɔlawo nayi dukɔ dahewo me, afisi woate ŋu awɔ dɔ akpɔ viɖe geɖe le wu. Eyata dziɖula siwo si susu nyuiwo le gɔ̃ hã tsi vedomesi. Ne wowɔ nyametsotso siwo ade dukɔa dzi le ganya gome la, nutoa me hã gena ɖe nya me. Ne wowɔ nyametsotso siwo akpɔ nutoa me ta la, ganyawo hã yia to.

Severn Cullis-Suzuki, si nye Xexeame Katã ƒe Takpekpe ŋuti ɖaŋuɖolawo dometɔ ɖeka la ʋli nya be ame ɖekaɖekawo ƒe nuwɔnawo mee wòle be tɔtrɔ nava le, esime wògblɔ be: “Be tɔtrɔ ŋutɔŋutɔwo nava nutoa me la kpo ɖe mía gbɔ. Míate ŋu anɔ lalam be mía dzi ɖulawo nahee vɛ o. Ele be míaƒe susu nanɔ nusiwo nye mía ŋutɔwo ƒe agbanɔamedziwo kple nusi míawɔ tɔtrɔa nava la ŋu.”

Nunya le eme be woakpɔ mɔ be amewo nade bubu nutoa me ŋu le woƒe nuwɔnawo me. Gake nana be amewo nawɔ tɔtrɔ siwo hiã le woƒe agbenɔnɔ me mele bɔbɔe kura o. Le kpɔɖeŋu me: Ame akpa gãtɔ lɔ̃ ɖe edzi be xexeame ƒe dzoxɔxɔ ƒe akpa aɖe tso lɔriwo gbɔ. Eyata ame aɖe adi be yeaɖe ʋuzazã dzi akpɔtɔ alo adzudzɔ ezazã kura. Gake ema manya wɔ o. Abe alesi Wolfgang Sachs, si tso Yame ƒe Nɔnɔme, Nutome, Kple Dzɔdzɔmeŋusẽ Ŋutinusrɔ̃ƒe si le Wuppertal ɖee fia nyitsɔ laa ene la, “teƒe siwo katã wòahiã be ame nayi le gbesiagbegbenɔnɔ me (dɔme, suku, alo asime) la le didiƒe ale gbegbe be mate ŋu ayi ʋu mazãmazãe o. . . . Ʋu ɖale nye ŋutɔ asinye alo meli o, mele ezã ge godoo. Nu bubu aɖeke meli ame akpa gãtɔ nawɔ o.”

Dzɔdzɔmeŋutinunyala aɖewo, abe Nufialagã Robert Dickinson ene, amesi tso Anyigba Kple Yamenutome Ŋuti Mɔ̃ɖanunyasrɔ̃ƒe si le Georgia, le vɔvɔ̃m be anyigbaa takpɔkpɔ tso xexeame ƒe dzoxɔxɔ me tsonuwo me anya tsi megbe akpa xoxo. Dickinson xɔe se be ne wotsi ɖiƒoƒo nu egbea gɔ̃ hã la, yamenutome si woƒo ɖii xoxo la me tsonuwo aganɔ anyi ƒe 100 bubu ya teti!

Esi dziɖuɖuwo alo ame ɖekaɖekawo mate ŋu akpɔ kuxi siwo dze ŋgɔ nutoa me gbɔ o ɖe, ke amekae ate ŋu akpɔ egbɔ? Tso blema la, amewo fɔa mo dzi hena kpekpeɖeŋu le yame ƒe nɔnɔmewo gbɔ kpɔkpɔ me. Togbɔ be viɖe mele agbagbadzedze mawo ŋu o hã la, woɖe nyateƒenya vevi aɖe ɖe go: Amegbetɔƒomea hiã Mawu ƒe kpekpeɖeŋu hena kuxi siawo gbɔ kpɔkpɔ.

[Nya si ɖe dzesi si le axa 7]

“Kpeɖodzi sẽŋu yeye aɖe li si fia be xexeame ƒe dzoxɔxɔ si ŋu wolé ŋku ɖo le ƒe 50 siwo va yi me la ƒe akpa gãtɔ tso amegbetɔwo ƒe nuwɔnawo gbɔ”

[Aɖaka si le axa 6]

“Ðe Xexeame ƒe Dzoxɔxɔ Gblẽa Nu le Míaƒe Lãmesẽ Ŋua?”

Scientific American me nyati aɖe fɔ biabia ʋãme sia ɖe te. Egblɔ be xexeame ƒe dzoxɔxɔ “adzi dɔléle vɔ̃ɖi geɖewo ƒe kaka ɖe edzi.” Le kpɔɖeŋu me, le teƒe aɖewo la, wobu akɔnta be “kaka ƒe 2020 naɖo la, amesiwo aku le dzoxɔxɔ me tsonuwo ta adzi ɖe edzi zi gbɔ zi eve.”

Ame geɖe mele ŋku lém ɖe dɔléle siwo tsoa xexeame ƒe dzoxɔxɔ gbɔ ya ŋu o. Esi muwo “dzina kabakaba heɖua ame vevie ne yame xɔ dzo ta la, wobu akɔnta be dɔléle siwo muwo nana la adzi ɖe edzi. . . . Ne nuto blibo aɖe me xɔ dzo la, muwo ate ŋu adzi ɖe teƒe siwo womenɔ tsã o, eye woahe dɔléle vɛ.”

Mlɔeba la, tsiɖɔɖɔ kple kuɖiɖi me tsonuwo hã li—siwo katã ate ŋu ana tsi nyuiwo naƒo ɖi. Edze ƒã be ele be woatsɔ xexeame ƒe dzoxɔxɔ ƒe ŋɔdzidodoa ŋkubiãnyae.

[Nɔnɔmetata si le axa 7]

Ya siwo léa dzoxɔxɔ ɖi naa dzoxɔxɔ tsia yamenuto me le esi teƒe be wòado

[Credit Line 7]

NASA foto

[Nɔnɔmetata siwo le axa 7]

Amegbetɔ ɖea asi le ya gbegblẽ tɔn biliɔn nanewo ŋu ɖona ɖe yame, si na xexeame ƒe dzoxɔxɔ le agbɔ sɔm ɖe edzi