St. Petersburg​—“Mɔ Si Woɖe Ðe Europa Ŋu” Na Russia

ETSO NYƆ! ŊLƆLA SI LE RUSSIA GBƆ

“Peter ƒe asinudɔwɔwɔ, melɔ̃ wò!/Melɔ̃ wò dzedzeme;/Neva-tɔsisia ƒe sisi miɔɔ to/Kpe sesẽwo dome blewu la nya kpɔna nam ale gbegbe.”—ALEKSANDR SERGEYEVICH PUSHKIN.

PUSHKIN ƒe hakpanya xɔŋkɔ si wòkpa tso St. Petersburg ŋu, si me nya aɖe míeyɔ le afisia, hea susu yia dua tsola kple afisi wòle le keke dziehe ʋĩ, afisi Neva-tɔsisi de nu Baltik-ƒua me le la dzi. Àbia be, ‘gake mɔ ka nue woto tso xexeame ƒe dugã sia si wotso ɖe tsiba me le dziehe la?’

Le ƒe alafa 17 lia ƒe nuwuwu la, Russia-dukɔa ƒe ŋgɔyiyi he ɖe megbe le mɔ si menɔ anyi yi ƒua gbɔ o ta. Russia-fiagã Peter Gãtɔ, si nye ɖekakpui la ƒe tameɖoɖoe nye be yeaɖe ‘mɔ ɖe Europa ŋu’ na Russia, si anye tsimɔ aɖe si ade nu atsiaƒua me. Le anyiehe gome la, Ottoman-fiaɖuƒe xe mɔ si yi Ƒuyibɔa gbɔ. Eyata Peter trɔ susu ɖe dziehe, afisi Swedentɔwo kpɔ ŋusẽ ɖe anyigbaa ƒe akpa si do liƒo kple Baltik-ƒua dzi le.

Be Peter naɖo eƒe taɖodzinua gbɔ la, eho aʋa ɖe Swedentɔwo ŋu le August, ƒe 1700 me. Togbɔ be aʋa si wòho zi gbãtɔ mekpɔ dzidzedze o hã la, mena ta o. Le November, ƒe 1702 me la, Peter nya Swedentɔwo ɖa le Ladoga-ta la ŋu. Ta sia si nye gãtɔ kekeake le Europa la de nu Neva-tɔsisia me hege ɖe Baltik-ƒu si didi kilometa 60 lɔƒo tso egbɔ la me. Swedentɔwo va xɔ anyinɔ ɖe mɔ̃ sesẽ aɖe si wotu ɖe tɔdomekpo sue aɖe si te ɖe afisi Neva-tɔsisia dze tso Ladoga-taa me le la dzi. Peter dze agbagba xɔ tɔdomekpo dzi mɔ̃ sesẽ sia le Swedentɔwo si hetrɔ ŋkɔ nɛ be Shlissel’burg.

 Emegbe Swedentɔwo ɖabe ɖe mɔ̃ sesẽ aɖe si woyɔna be Nienshants, si te ɖe afisi Neva-tɔsisia de nu Baltik-ƒua me le hetsi tre ɖe wo ŋu le afima. Le May ƒe 1703 me la, woɖu Sweden-srafowo dzi gbidii. Aʋadziɖuɖu sia na Russiatɔwo kpɔ ŋusẽ ɖe tɔsisia ƒe ɖeɖego bliboa dzi. Enumake Peter dze mɔ̃ sesẽ aɖe tutu gɔme ɖe Zayachy Tɔdomekpo si tsɔ ɖe afima la dzi, afisi woanɔ aʋli Neva-tɔsisia ƒe afisi wòde nu atsiaƒua me la ta. Ale wɔ le May 16, ƒe 1703, si nye ƒe 300 lɔƒo va yi, dzi la, Peter Gãtɔ ɖo afisi woyɔna egbea be Peter-Paul ƒe Mɔ̃ Sesẽ la gɔme anyi. Ɣletiŋkeke sia dzie woda asi ɖo be eya dzie wodze St. Petersburg, si nye ame kɔkɔe, apostolo Petro, si fiagãa be ekpɔ ye ta, ƒe ŋkɔ si wotsɔ nɛ, la tsotso gɔme.

Etsotso Wòanye Fiadu

To vovo na fiadu geɖe la, ɖe woɖoe koŋ tso St. Petersburg be wòanye fiadu dzeani tso gɔmedzedzea me ke. Togbɔ be afisi woatsoe ɖo le keke dziehe ke—si le kasɔsɔ me kple Anchorage, Alaska, si le dziehe ʋĩ—hã la, dzi meɖe le Peter ƒo o. Elɔ ati tso Ladoga-ta la kple Novgorod nutowo me vɛ. Mɔ siwo dzi Peter to ƒo kpe nu ƒu hena xɔa tutu la dometɔ ɖekae nye eɖoɖo eteviwo dzi be woatsɔ agbɔsɔsɔ aɖe vɛ. Ebia tso Russiatɔ ɖesiaɖe si atsɔ adzɔnuwo va St. Petersburg si be wòatsɔ kpe xexlẽme aɖe sinu hã ɖe asi. Azɔ hã Peter de se ɖe kpexɔwo tutu nu, gbã le Moscow, eye emegbe le eƒe fiaɖuƒea katã me. Esia wɔe be xɔtula siwo megakpɔ dɔ awɔ o la va St. Petersburg.

Dua tsotso yi edzi afɔtsɔtsɔe si wɔe be The Great Soviet Encyclopedia ɖɔe be enye “xɔ si wotu dzo kple dzo le ɣeyiɣi ma me.” Eteƒe medidi o tsitoƒewo, sɔtiwo, mɔdodowo, xɔwo, sɔlemexɔwo, kɔdziwo kple dziɖuɖudɔwɔƒewo dze. Le ƒe si me wodze dua tsotso gɔme la, wodze meliwo dzraɖoƒe aɖe, si va zu Russiatɔwo  ƒe melidɔwɔlawo ƒe dɔwɔƒegã si woyɔna be Admiralty, la tutu gɔme.

Le ƒe 1710 me la, wodze Dzomeŋɔli Fiasã, afisi fiagã anɔ le dzomeŋɔli, tutu gɔme. Le ƒe 1712 me la, woɖe Russia ƒe fiadu kple eme dziɖuɖudɔwɔƒe gbogboawo katã tso Moscow va St. Petersburg. Wowu fiasã gbãtɔ si wotu kple kpe ɖe dugãa me, si ta wokpɔtɔ le kpɔkpɔm, la nu le ƒe 1714 me. Dugãa dzi ɖula gbãtɔ, Aleksandr Menshikov ye wotui na. Le ƒe ma ke me la, wodze Peter-Paul ƒe Sɔlemexɔ Gã la tutu gɔme ɖe eƒe mɔ̃ sesẽ la me. Sɔlemexɔa tame ƒe kɔkɔ na wòzu dua ƒe dzesidenu. Wotu Vuvɔŋɔli Fiasã hã ɖe Neva-tɔsisia dzi, eye wogbugbɔ tui zi gbɔ zi geɖe. Emegbe wotu Vuvɔŋɔli Fiasã, si li fifia, si me xɔ siwo ade 1,100 le. Fiasã gã sia va zu dua ƒe nu vevi aɖe kple Saɖagaxɔmenɔlawo ƒe aƒe xɔŋkɔ, kple Dukɔa ƒe blemanudzraɖoƒe.

Kaka St. Petersburg naxɔ ƒe ewo gbãtɔ la, wowɔ ŋgɔyiyi geɖe. Woka nya ta be xɔ siwo le dua me le ƒe 1714 me ƒe xexlẽme ade 34,500! Fiasãwo kple xɔ gãwo tutu yi edzi madzudzɔmadzudzɔe. Alesi mawusubɔsubɔ kpɔ ŋusẽ le Russia ƒe ŋutinya me wòɖe dzesi dze le xɔ siwo le dua me dometɔ geɖe ŋu.

Le kpɔɖeŋu me, Kazan ƒe Sɔlemexɔ Gã aɖe li si wotu gobaa eye eƒe ŋgɔgbe nye akpata. Ele dua ƒe mɔdodo vevitɔ kekeake, Nevsky Prospekt dzi, eye alesi wònya kpɔe na woyɔa mɔdodoa be mɔdodo nyuitɔ kekeake siwo le xexeame la dometɔ ɖeka. Emegbe wodze Ame Kɔkɔe Isak ƒe Sɔlemexɔ Gã tutu gɔme. Woɖi sɔti siwo ade 24,000 ɖe anyigbaa si nye tsiba la me be wòalé xɔa ɖe te, eye wofa sika si ƒe kpekpeme ade kilogram 100 la ɖe eƒe xɔtamexɔ gã la ŋu godoo.

Xɔ siwo tum wonɔ ɖe St. Petersburg ƒe golɔgoewo hã nya kpɔ ŋutɔ. Wodze Fiasã Gã la, si nye Peter ƒe aƒe la tutu gɔme le ƒe 1714 me, le Peterhof, si nye Petrodvorets fifia. Le ɣeyiɣi ma ke me la, wotu Catherine, si nye Peter srɔ̃ ƒe Fiasã  ɖe Tsarskoe Selo, si woyɔna fifia be Pushkin, si gbɔ medidi o la me. Le ƒe alafa ma ke ƒe nuwuwu la, wotu fiasã gã eve ɖe golɔgoe siwo le anyiehe, siwo nye Pavlovsk kple Gatchina.

Tɔdzisasrã geɖe siwo wotu ɖe tɔsisi kple tsimɔ geɖeawo dzi la gana du yeye sia si tsom wonɔ la nya kpɔ ɖe edzi ale gbegbe. Eyata zi geɖe la, wotsɔa St. Petersburg sɔna kple ‘Venice, afisi tsimɔ kple tɔdzisasrã geɖewo le, heyɔnɛ be Dziehe ƒe Venice.’ Franse, Germany, kple Italy xɔtuɖaŋunyalawo wɔ dɔ aduadu kple wo hati Russiatɔ bibiwo hetso du si The Encyclopædia Britannica yɔ be “Europa-du dzeanitɔwo kekeake dometɔ ɖeka.”

Dzidodo Togbɔ Be Nɔnɔmea Sesẽ Hã

Peter ƒe tsitretsiɖeŋulawo menya kura be Russiatɔwo alé woƒe Europa-mɔa me ɖe asi goŋgoŋ o. Agbalẽ si nye Peter the Great—His Life and World ɖe nu me be: “Tso gbesigbe Peter Gãtɔ ɖo afɔ afisi Neva-tɔsisia de nu atsiaƒu me le la, anyigbaa kple du si wotso ɖe afima la medo le Russiatɔwo ƒe asime kpɔ o.”

Nyateƒee, abe alesi agbalẽ si míeyɔ va yi gblɔe ene la, “le ƒe alafaawo me la, aʋafia siwo katã gava Russia emegbe kple asrafo gbogbowo—Charles XII, Napoleon, Hitler—dometɔ aɖeke mete ŋu xɔ melidzeƒe si Peter tu ɖe Baltik-ƒua dzi kpɔ o, togbɔ be Nazi-srafowo ɖe to ɖe dugãa ŋkeke 900 le Xexemeʋa II wɔɣi hã.” Le ɣeyiɣi didi ƒe toɖeɖe ma me la, amesiwo ade miliɔn ɖekae ku le dugãa me. Ame geɖe ku le ƒe 1941 kple 1942 me vuvɔŋɔli kple dɔwuamea me, esi yame fa miamiamiã heɖiɖi gbɔ degree 40 ŋu. Yame fa ɣemaɣi ale gbegbe be xexlẽdzesi ɖekae dze le yame ƒe nɔnɔme dzidzenu Celsius kple Fahrenheit sia dzi.

Le ƒe 1914 me esime Xexemeʋa I dze egɔme la, wotrɔ dugãa ƒe ŋkɔ be Petrograd. Esi Soviet Union ƒe dziɖula gbãtɔ Vladimir Lenin ku le ƒe 1924 me la, wogatrɔ ŋkɔ nɛ be Leningrad. Mlɔeba esi Soviet Union dze anyi le ƒe 1991 me la, wogatsɔ dua ƒe ŋkɔ gbãtɔ nɛ, si nye St. Petersburg.

Vi Siwo Wòɖe na Xexeame

Le ƒe 1724 me, si nye ƒe si do ŋgɔ na Peter ƒe ku le eƒe ƒe 52 xɔxɔ megbe la, ena woɖo Russiatɔwo ƒe Dzɔdzɔmeŋutinunya Srɔ̃ƒe, eye le ƒe 1757 me la, woɖo Nutata Srɔ̃ƒe ɖe dua me. Ƒe alafa 19 lia me Russia nutala siwo nye Karl Bryullov kple Ilya Repin de suku sia eye emegbe dukɔ vovovowo da asi ɖe wo dzi.

Le ƒe 1819 me la, woɖo St. Petersburg Nutoa ƒe Yunivɛsiti eye suku kɔkɔ bubuwo kplɔe ɖo mlɔeba. Le ƒe alafa 19 lia ƒe nuwuwu la, Russiatɔ si xɔ Nobel Nunana Ivan Pavlov,  amesi nye nu gbagbewo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ ŋutinunyala, si le St. Petersburg dugãa me la to seselelãme dodokpɔ ƒe mɔnu aɖe vɛ. Eye afisiae Russiatɔ atikedokpɔla Dmitry Mendeleyev to nuwo ƒe wɔwɔme kple nɔnɔme ƒe akpa wuwli nɔɖokuisi vovovowo ɖoɖo ɖe ɖoɖo tɔxɛ aɖe nu vɛ le, si woyɔna le Russia be Mendeleyev ƒe ɖoɖo.

Dekɔnu wɔna siwo yia edzi le dugãa me hã na eŋkɔ ɖi le dukɔwo me. Le 1738 me la, woɖo ɣeɖuɖusrɔ̃ƒe aɖe anyi, eye teƒe sia va zu Mariinsky Ɣeɖuɖusrɔ̃ƒe xɔŋkɔ le xexeame godoo. Eteƒe medidi o ɣeɖuƒe kple fefewɔƒe geɖewo va le dugãa me. Hakpala xɔŋkɔwo nɔ St. Petersburg, siwo dome Pyotr Ilich Tchaikovsky hã nɔ. Eƒe ha xoxo aɖewo siwo nye Sleeping Beauty, Swan Lake, kple The Nutcracker, kplakple 1812 Overture na eŋkɔ de du.

Hakpanya kple agbalẽŋlɔla xɔŋkɔ geɖe siwo nye Russiatɔwo hã nɔ St. Petersburg. Ðekakpui Aleksandr Sergeyevich Pushkin va zu amesi amewo buna be enye “hakpanyaŋlɔla gãtɔ kekeake kpakple Russiatɔwo ƒe egbegbe gbalẽwo tovɛla.” Abe alesi wòle le Shakespeare ƒe agbalẽwo gome ene la, woɖe Russiatɔ, Pushkin, ƒe agbalẽwo gɔme ɖe gbegbɔgblɔ siwo ame geɖe dona me, hekpe ɖe hakpanya si wòŋlɔ tso dugã sia ŋu si míeyɔ le nyatia ƒe gɔmedzedze la ŋu. Tsɔ kpe ɖe eŋu la, Dostoyevski, amesi ŋu The Encyclopædia Britannica gblɔ le be “wobunɛ ɣesiaɣi be enye agbalẽŋlɔla nyuitɔ kekeake siwo nɔ anyi kpɔ la dometɔ ɖeka” hã nɔ anyi.

Eyata woate ŋu agblɔe be nusianu si St. Petersburg xɔ tso Europa le etsoɣi la, eɖo eteƒe nɛ geɖe wògbɔ eme. Le nyateƒe me la, dugãa me nɔlawo wɔ nu geɖe tsɔ do dukɔwo dome dekɔnuwo ƒe nyonyo ɖe ŋgɔ le ƒeawo me.

Ŋugbledeɣi

Le May 24 va ɖo June 1 ƒe kwasiɖa me la, amedzro akpe alafa geɖewo va kpɔ gome le St. Petersburg ƒe ƒezã 300 lia ɖuɖu me. Esi wonɔ vivi sem na nusiwo do tso dzadzraɖo gã siwo wowɔ ɖe azãa ŋu me la, ame geɖe de ŋugble le alesi dugãa nya kpɔe kple eŋutinya ɖedzesia ŋu.

Nudogoɖenunutɔe la, le kwasiɖa si do ŋgɔ teti ko me la, ame geɖe va St. Petersburg hena Yehowa Ðasefowo ƒe alɔdzedɔwɔƒe si le Russia le dugã la ƒe golɔgoe, si wokeke ɖe enu la ŋu kɔkɔ. Le ŋkeke si kplɔe ɖo dzi la, amesiwo ade 9,817 la kpe ta le Kirov Stadium le St. Petersburg hena xɔŋukɔwɔnaa kple Yehowa Ðasefowo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ le dukɔ geɖewo me ŋuti nyatakaka vevi siwo me wodzro la sese.

Nu Ʋɛ Aɖewo Koe Wote Ŋu Kpɔ

Amesiwo ɖia tsa vaa St. Petersburg la sena le wo ɖokui me zi geɖe be nu geɖe li ale gbegbe be yewomenya afisi yewoadze wo kpɔkpɔ gɔme tsoe o. Alea tsaɖilawo tsia vedomesii le Hermitage blemanudzraɖoƒea enye si. Wobu akɔnta be ne ame azã miniti ɖeka ɖe nu ɖeka ɖesiaɖe ŋu le xɔ siwo me woɖe nuawo fia le me la, ƒe gbogbo aɖewo ava yi hafi wòawu wo kpɔkpɔ nu.

Ame aɖewo bunɛ be St. Petersburg ƒe nu dzeaniwo dometɔ ɖekae nye ɣeɖuƒewo. Le kpɔɖeŋu me, le Mariinsky Fefewɔƒe xɔŋkɔa me la, ame ate ŋu anɔ anyi ɖe akaɖiti dzeani siwo le nogoo siwo ŋu alɔ geɖewo le eye wo me kaɖiwo ƒe keklẽ nya kpɔ ale gbegbe le xɔ si me wofa sika kpekpeme si ade kilogram 400 ɖe gliawo ŋu le la te ahakpɔ nu. Le teƒe sia la, ame ate ŋu akpɔ ɣeɖuɖu si ate ŋu anye nyuitɔ kekeake le xexeame, ɖewohĩ ɖe Tchaikovsky ƒe hawo dometɔ ɖeka dzi.

Azɔlizɔzɔ le dugã sia si me amewo ade miliɔn atɔ̃ le me ana woakpɔ xɔ gã dzeani siwo le Neva-tɔsisia ŋu. Mɔzɔzɔ kple tomemɔ keteke dzeani si le dugãa me, le tomemɔ goglotɔ kekeake siwo le xexeame la dometɔ ɖeka dzi, la ɖeɖe ate ŋu anye nukpɔkpɔ dodzidzɔname. Ame miliɔn eve kple edzivɔwoe ɖoa keteke sia gbesiagbe, hezɔa mɔ toa teƒe 50 kple edzivɔ siwo wòtɔna ɖo le ketekemɔ si ƒe didime anɔ kilometa 98 la dzi. Ketekeɖoƒeawo dometɔ aɖewo nye esiwo dzeani le xexeame godoo la dometɔ aɖewo. Le ƒe 1955, si nye ƒe si me woʋu ketekemɔa nu la, The New York Times yɔ ketekeɖoƒeawo be “ƒe alafa blavelia me tomefiasãwo.”

Le nyateƒe me la, alesi wotso St. Petersburg dugã lae—kple alesi wòkpɔtɔ nya kpɔe, eme nutatawo, dekɔnu, agbalẽsɔsrɔ̃, kple hadzidzi—magbe dɔwɔwɔ ɖe ame dzi o. Nuka kee ɖadoa dzidzɔ na tsaɖilawo o, ɖewohĩ woalɔ̃ ɖe alesi agbalẽ aɖe yɔ St. Petersburg be “Europa dugã siwo nya kpɔ ŋutɔ la dometɔ ɖeka” la dzi godoo.

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Peter Gãtɔ, dugã la tsola

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Peter-Paul ƒe Mɔ̃ Sesẽ la kple eƒe gbedoxɔ gã la, afisi woɖo St. Petersburg gɔme anyi le

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Vuvɔŋɔli Fiasã si le Neva-tɔsisia dzi, si nye Hermitage blemanudzraɖoƒe fifia, (xɔa me le ɖusikpa dzi ɖaa)

[Afi Si Míexɔ Mɔɖeɖe Tso]

The State Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg

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Fiasã Gã La

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Woyɔ St. Petersburg be Dziehe ƒe Venice

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Mariinksy Fefewɔƒe si xɔ ŋkɔ le xexeame godoo

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Steve Raymer/National Geographic Image Collection

Photo by Natasha Razina

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Woɖɔ St. Petersburg tomeketekeɖoƒewo be “tomefiasãwo”

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Foto si le etame: Edward Slater/Index Stock Photography; painting and emblems: The State Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg