Nukliaʋa​—Amekawoe Le Ŋɔdzia Dom?

“Nukliaʋa si ate ŋu adzɔ bɔbɔe ahatsrɔ̃ ameƒomea katã la nye nu ŋutɔŋutɔ. Eli egbea, . . . togbɔ be ele eme baa be ƒe ewo kple edzivɔwo enye sia si Dukɔwo Dome Nyaʋiʋlia wu enu hã.”​—Robert S. McNamara, si nye United States Srafowo ƒe Amegã tsã kple James G. Blight, si nye dukɔwo dome kadodowo ŋuti nufialagã le Watson Dukɔwo Dome Ŋutinusrɔ̃ƒe.

ESIME Dukɔwo Dome Nyaʋiʋlia wu enu le ƒe 1991 me la, wohe tsɔtsrɔ̃ŋkeke ƒe gaƒoɖokui xɔŋkɔa ɖe megbe miniti 17 hafi ne “zã ga 12” naƒo. Wota tsɔtsrɔ̃ŋkeke ƒe gaƒoɖokuia ɖe Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists magazine dzi eye enye dzesi na alesi gbegbe xexea te tu nukliaʋae (zã ga 12). Ɣemaɣi la, wohe gamea ɖe megbe tso zã ga 12 gbɔ wu alesi wònɔ tso esime woto gaƒoɖokuia vɛ le ƒe 1947 me. Gake tso ɣemaɣi la, gamea gate zɔɖeɖe ake. Le kpɔɖeŋu me, le February 2002 me la, gamea zɔ va ɖo miniti adre ko ne zã ga 12 naƒo, si nye zi etɔ̃lia si wòɖe zɔ tso esime Dukɔwo Dome Nyaʋiʋlia wu enu.

Nukatae mɔ̃ɖaŋuŋutinunya ƒe magazine sia talawo se le wo ɖokui me be yewoahe gaƒoɖokuia ɖe ŋgɔ? Nukatae  wobui be nukliaʋa gakpɔtɔ nye ŋɔdzinu? Eye amekawoe di be yewoagblẽ ŋutifafa dome?

Nya Ɣaɣla aɖe si Le “Edziɖeɖekpɔtɔ” Me

Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists ɖe nu me be: “Nukliaʋawɔnu 31,000 kple edzivɔwo gakpɔtɔ li.” Eyi edzi be: “Aʋawɔnu siawo dometɔ 95 le alafa me le United States kple Russia, eye woglã 16,000 kple edzivɔwo ɖi xoxo.” Ame aɖewo ade dzesii be ewɔ abe nukliabɔmb siwo li la ƒe xexlẽme mesɔ ɖe esiwo wobe eli la nu o ene. Ðe dukɔ sesẽtɔ siwo si nukliaʋawɔnuwo le la megblɔ be yewo dometɔ ɖesiaɖe ɖe eƒe bɔmbwo dzi va ɖo 6,000 oa?

Afisiae nya ɣaɣla si le “edziɖeɖekpɔtɔ” me la le. Ŋutifafa si Carnegie Ate Ŋu Ade Dukɔwo Dome ƒe Habɔbɔ ƒe nyatakaka aɖe ɖe nu me be: “Nuxexlẽ ɖoɖo aɖewo koŋ nue woxlẽa bɔmb 6,000 si dzi wolɔ̃ ɖo le Aʋawɔnu Tɔxɛwo Dziɖeɖekpɔtɔ Takpekpe nubablaa me la ɖo. Aʋawɔnu akpe gbogbo aɖewo siwo mede wo nu o akpɔtɔ anɔ dukɔ evea siaa si.” (Míawoe te gbe ɖe edzi.) Le Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists ƒe nya nu la, “United States aɖe eƒe bɔmb geɖe, ne menye akpa gãtɔ o, siwo wòglã ɖi xoxo la adzra ɖo (akpe ɖe bɔmb 5,000 aɖewo si wòdzra ɖo xoxo ŋu) tsɔ wu be wòagblẽ wo dome.”

Eyata tsɔ kpe ɖe nukliaʋawɔnu tɔxɛ siwo woglã ɖi xoxo le wo dzraɖoƒewo—siwo woate ŋu ada tso anyigbagã aɖe dzi ayi bubu dzi tẽ—ŋu la, nukliabɔmb akpe gbogbo aɖewo kpakple nukliabɔmb suewo siwo wowɔ be womade didiƒe o gakpɔtɔ li. Ðikeke aɖeke mele eme o be nukliaʋawɔnu gbogbo aɖewo, si atsrɔ̃ xexe bliboa me nɔlawo zi gbɔ zi geɖe, gakpɔtɔ le dukɔ sesẽtɔ eve siwo si nukliaʋawɔnuwo le la si le woƒe aʋawɔnuwodzraɖoƒewo! Aʋawɔnu vɔ̃ɖi gbogbo siawo dzizizi ɖi na ŋɔdzi bubu hã gava li—si nye nukliaʋawɔtu siwo lɔa nu le adzɔge dada si manye ɖee woɖoe da hafi o.

Nukliaʋa si Womeɖo O

Robert S. McNamara kple James G. Blight siwo ŋkɔ míeyɔ do ŋgɔ gblɔ be “wotsɔ ‘nyanyanana ko kple edada’ ƒe mɔnuɖoɖo na hehe United States ƒe nukliaʋawɔsrafowoe.” Nukae esia fia? Woɖe eme hegblɔ kpee be: “Míate ŋu aglã míaƒe bɔmbwo enumake adae ne Russiatɔwo nya gbe da wo tɔ ko. Le ɖoɖoa nu la, miniti 15 koe esese zi gbãtɔ be Russiatɔwo da wo tɔ ŋuti nyatakakaa xɔxɔ kple míaƒe bɔmb la dada axɔ.” United States ƒe nukliabɔmb tɔxɛ dalawo ƒe amegã aɖe si nɔ anyi tsã gblɔ be, “woate ŋu aglã bɔmbwo katã kloe ahadae le miniti eve ko me.”

Klalonɔnɔ sia na ŋɔdzi li be beble vi aɖe ate ŋu ana woada bɔmb aɖe esime womeɖo edada hafi o. U.S.News & World Report me nyati aɖe gblɔ be, “woɖe gbe ŋutɔŋutɔ be woada wo wu zi ɖeka le Amerikatɔwo ƒe hehenana wɔnaawo me vodadatɔe.” Nyanyanana fluame siawo tɔgbe dzɔ le Russia hã. Esime Norwaytɔwo ƒe numekuha aɖe ƒe yameʋu aɖe flu ameawo le ƒe 1995 me la, Russiatɔwo ƒe dukplɔla te afɔ siwo woɖena hena nukliabɔmbwo dada la ɖeɖe.

Adeklodzinɔnɔ ƒe mɔnuɖoɖo sia da agba gã aɖe ɖe amesiwo atso nya me la dzi. Tanyonametɔe la, gbeɖelawo te ŋu de dzesii le ɣeyiɣi siwo va yi me be amefufluwoe nyanyanana mawo nye si wɔe be nukliaʋa mete ŋu dzɔ va ɖo fifia o. Numekula aɖe gblɔ le ƒe 1979 me nudzɔdzɔ aɖe ŋu be: “Nusi ɖo asi Amerikatɔwo ƒe bɔmbwo  [dada] dzi enye míaƒe yamenutomemɔ̃ si ƒoa xlã anyigba (satelait) henaa nyanya enumake la, eyae ɖee fia be Soviettɔwo ƒe bɔmb aɖeke mele yame o.” Gake le ɣeyiɣi aɖe megbe la, satelait sia gblẽ. Numekulawo kple numedzrolawo tsi dzi be “Russiatɔwo ƒe satelait la dometɔ akpa gãtɔ megale dɔ wɔm o alo tra tso wo nɔƒewo.” Eyata abe alesi ame aɖe si nye United States ƒudzisrafowo ƒe amegã ƒe kpeɖeŋutɔ tsã gblɔe ƒe gbogbo aɖewo enye si va yi ene la, “alesi dukɔ aɖe ate ŋu adze nɔvia dzi le vome alo ada bɔmb aɖe le masɔmasɔ, ŋusẽ nana amesi medzenɛ o alo nudogoɖenunu aɖe ta la, gakpɔtɔ nye nusi ate ŋu adzɔ bɔbɔe abe alesi wònɔ va yi ene.”

Nuklia Habɔbɔa Me Tɔ Yeyewo

Togbɔ be nukliaʋawɔnudzraɖoƒe gãwo nye dukɔ sesẽtɔ siwo si nukliaʋawɔnuwo le tɔ hã la, dukɔ bubuwo hã li, abe Great Britain, France, kple China ene, siwo si nukliaʋawɔnuwo le. Dukɔ siawo siwo si nukliaʋawɔnuwo le wonya, si woyɔna be nuklia habɔbɔa, xɔ India kple Pakistan nyitsɔ laa be woanye habɔbɔa me tɔ yeyewo. Le dukɔ siawo megbe la, woɖɔa dukɔ gbogbo aɖewo, siwo me Israel hã le, edziedzi be wole nukliaʋawɔnuwo wɔm—alo be ele wo si xoxo gɔ̃ hã.

Dunyahehe me masɔmasɔ si alɔ dukɔ siwo si nukliaʋawɔnuwo le dometɔ ɖesiaɖe—kpakple dukɔ yeye siwo si wòva le fifia—ɖe eme ate ŋu ana nukliaʋa nadzɔ. Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists ɖe nu me be: “Le Aʋa si me Cubatɔwo Da Bɔmb Siwo Lɔa Nu le Adzɔge megbe la, kuxi si le India kple Pakistan dome . . . ɖe alesi gbegbe dukɔ eve de nukliaʋa wɔ ge kloe la fia.” Esi nɔnɔmeawo me va sẽ ɖe edzi le ƒe 2002 ƒe gɔmedzedze la, vɔvɔ̃ ɖo ame geɖe be nukliaʋa ate ŋu adzɔ ŋutɔŋutɔ.

Tsɔ kpe ɖe eŋu la, aʋawɔnu siwo wɔm wole si te ŋu tsrɔ̃a nu gbogbowo na nukliabɔmb zazã gale bɔbɔe wu. Esime The New York Times nɔ United States srafowo ƒe dɔwɔƒegã Pentagon ƒe nyatakaka ɣaɣla aɖe me dzrom la, egblɔ be, “nukliaʋawɔnuwo zazã atsɔ atsrɔ̃ futɔwo ƒe aʋawɔnu siwo naa nu gbagbewo dzea dɔ hekuna, aʋawɔnu siwo naa aɖi siaa nu gbagbewo kple aʋawɔnu bubu siwo tsrɔ̃a nu gbogbowo bɔbɔe” anya va zu Amerikatɔwo ƒe nukliaɖoɖowo ƒe akpa aɖe.

Ŋɔdzidonamelawo ƒe United States dzidzedze le September 11, 2001, dzi na nukliaʋa bubu aɖe ƒe dzɔdzɔ ƒe ŋɔdzi galé xexea. Ame geɖe xɔe se be ŋɔdzidonamelawo ƒe habɔbɔwo le etem kpɔ be yewoawɔ nukliaʋawɔnuwo—alo be ele wo si xoxo gɔ̃ hã. Aleke wòdzɔe?

 Ŋɔdzidonamelawo Kple “Nukliaʋawɔnu Ƒoɖiwo”

Ðe wòle bɔbɔe be woazã nusiwo dzram wole le adzame la atsɔ awɔ nukliabɔmbwoea? Le Time magazine ƒe nya nu la, ŋuɖoɖoae nye ẽ. Magazine la ka nya ta le habɔbɔ aɖe si woɖo be wòatsi nukliaʋawɔnuwo zazã le ŋɔdzidonamenuwɔnawo me nu ŋu. Vaseɖe fifia la, ƒuƒoƒoa “ke ɖe bɔmb geɖe” siwo amewo ŋutɔ “zã elektrikmɔ̃wo ŋutinu wuwlui siwo wodzrana le fiasewo me kple nukliami si wodzrana le adzame tsɔ wɔe ŋu.”

Asiɖeɖe le nukliaʋawɔnuwo ŋu kple wo dome gbegblẽ hã dzi alesi wòle bɔbɔe be woafi nukliaʋawɔnuwo ŋutinuwoe ɖe edzi. Time magazine gblɔ be: “Russiatɔwo ƒe nukliaʋawɔnu akpe gbogbo aɖewo siwo ŋu wodzɔna nyuie la ɖeɖe le aʋawɔtu siwo lɔa nu le adzɔge, bɔmbdayameʋuwo, kple ƒugɔmeʋawɔʋuwo dome kpakple wo dzadzraɖo ɖe nudzraɖoƒe siwo mele dedie tututu o ate ŋu ahe ŋɔdzidonamela ŋubiãlawo ƒe susu ɖe wo ŋu.” Ne nukliaʋawɔnu siwo dome wogblẽ la ŋutinu wuwluiwo ɖo amewo ƒe ƒuƒoƒo sue aɖe si me eye wogbugbɔ tsiã wo la, nukliaʋawɔnu ate ŋu ava nɔ ƒuƒoƒo sia si!

Peace magazine gblɔ be mehiã gɔ̃ hã be woatsiã bɔmb aɖe hafi nukliaʋawɔnu nasu ame si o. Nusi hiã koe nye be uranium alo plutonium si ate ŋu awó agbɔsɔsɔme aɖe nanɔ ame si. Magazine la gblɔ be: “Ŋɔdzidonamela siwo si uranium si wotsɔna wɔa egbeʋawɔnuwoe le la ate ŋu ana wòawó bɔbɔe to eƒe akpa ɖeka kpekpe kple evelia ko me.” Nukliaʋawɔnuwo wɔnu sia ƒe agbɔsɔsɔme kae wohiã? Magazine ma gblɔ be, “kilogram etɔ̃ [pounde adre] asu.” Esia de sɔsɔ ge kple nukliaʋawɔnuwo wɔnu siwo woxɔ le degbãla siwo wolé le Czech Republic le ƒe 1994 me si!

Nuklia ƒe gbeɖuɖɔwo ate ŋu ava zu nukliaʋawɔnu ƒomevi bubu. The American Spectator gblɔ be: “Nusi ɖea fu na eŋunyalawo koŋ enye nuwuame si aɖiɖuɖɔ tsakatsaka kple bɔmb siwo bɔ la ate ŋu anye.” Woyɔa aʋawɔnu siawo ƒomevi, siwo kakaa aɖiɖuɖɔwo ɖe yame, be nukliaʋawɔnu ƒoɖiwo alo bɔmb ƒoɖiwo. Aleke gbegbe ŋɔdzi le wo ŋui? IHT Asahi Shimbun ɖe nu me be, wozãa “bɔmb sesẽ siwo bɔ” tsɔ wɔa bɔmb ƒoɖiwo “be woatsɔ awu aɖiya si gblẽa nu ŋutɔ la ɖe afisi woadae le kple susu be aɖiya nanɔ teƒea tsɔ wu be wòawó ahatsrɔ̃ teƒea kple dzo.” Eyi edzi be: “Nusi wogblẽna le amewo ŋu ate ŋu atso dɔléle si woxɔna le yame dzi yiɖase vevesese helĩhelĩ si nɔa ame wum vivivi dzi.” Togbɔ be ame aɖewo gblɔ be nukliagbeɖuɖɔ si bɔ ɖe afisiafi la zazã magblẽ nu fũ o hã la, nukliaʋawɔnuwo wɔnu siwo wogakpɔtɔ le dzadzram le adzame la ɖea fu na ame geɖe. Numekuku aɖe si wowɔ nyitsɔ laa le xexeame godoo ɖee fia be, amesiwo wobia gbee la dometɔ 60 kple edzivɔwo le alafa me bui be woazã nukliaʋawɔnuwo le ŋɔdzidonamenuwɔnawo me le ƒe ewo siwo gbɔna me.

Ðikeke mele eme o be nuklia ƒe ŋɔdzidodoa gakpɔtɔ nye nu ŋutɔŋutɔ le xexeame. Britain ƒe Guardian Weekly, January 16-22, 2003, tɔ gblɔ be: “Be United States nazã nukliaʋawɔnuwo nye nusi le bɔbɔe ŋutɔ wu ɣeyiɣi ɖesiaɖe si va yi tso dukɔwo dome nyaʋiʋlia ƒe ɣeyiɣi sesẽtɔ kekeake me. . . . United States le tame si wòɖo be nukliaʋa magadzɔ o la me gbɔdzɔm vivivi.” Eyata susu le eme be woabia be: Ðe woate ŋu aƒo asa na nukliaʋa ƒe dzɔdzɔa? Ðe mɔkpɔkpɔ aɖe li be xexe aɖe si me nuklia ƒe ŋɔdzidoname manɔ o ava? Míadzro biabia siawo me le nyati si kplɔe ɖo me.

[Aɖaka si le axa 6]

Nuklia ƒe Ɣeyiɣi Eveliaea?

Nyadzɔdzɔŋlɔla Bill Keller (si nye The New York Times me nyadzɔdzɔwo-metolagã fifia) ɖe eƒe nukpɔsusu gblɔ le The New York Times Magazine me be dukɔwo ɖo nuklia ƒe ɣeyiɣi evelia me. Gbãtɔ va wu enu ɖe January 1994 dzi, esime Ukraine lɔ̃ be yeaɖe asi le aʋawɔnu siwo wòkpɔ tso Soviet Union si nɔ anyi tsã la gbɔ ŋu. Nukatae wòƒo nu tso nuklia ƒe ɣeyiɣi evelia ŋu?

Keller ŋlɔ bena: “Nusi to nuklia ƒe ɣeyiɣi evelia vɛ enye tu ƒe gbeɖeɖe si ɖi le Rajasthantɔwo ƒe dzogbe le ƒe 1998, esime dziɖuɖu si Hindutɔ siwo le India ɖo la yi ɖado bɔmb atɔ̃ aɖewo kpɔ le afima. Le kwasiɖa eve megbe la, Pakistan hã wɔ nenema ke.” Nukae na dodokpɔ siawo to vovo tso nuklia ɣeyiɣi gbãtɔ tɔwo gbɔ? “Esiawo nye nukliaʋawɔnu siwo wowɔ ɖe nuto aɖe koŋ ta.”

Eyata ɖee xexeame ate ŋu anɔ dedie wu esi dukɔ sesẽ eve bubu va kpe ɖe dukɔ siwo si nukliaʋanuwo le ŋua? Keller yi edzi be: “Dukɔ yeye ɖesiaɖe si ƒe asi atu nukliaʋawɔnuwo la dzia aʋa aɖe si me dukɔ aɖe azã nukliaʋawɔnuwo le ƒe dzɔdzɔ bɔbɔe ɖe edzi.”—“The Thinkable,” (Tamebula la) The New York Times Magazine, May 4, 2003, axa 50.

Nusi gatɔtɔ nɔnɔmea ɖe edzi wu enye nyatakaka si woxɔ be “plutonium agbɔsɔsɔme si woate ŋu atsɔ awɔ nukliabɔmb yeye ade” anya le North Korea si. “. . . Ŋkeke ɖesiaɖe si va yina dzia ŋɔdzi si li be North Korea akpɔ ta na nukliaʋawɔnu yeyewo wɔwɔ, eye ɖewohĩ wòado wo dometɔ ɖeka kpɔ atsɔ aɖo kpe eƒe dzidzedzekpɔkpɔ dzi la ɖe edzi.”—The New York Times, July 18, 2003.

[Nɔnɔmetata si le axa 7]

Dziɖuɖumegã aɖe ɖe nukliabɔmb si le abe “mɔzɔkplo” ene fia

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AP Photo/Dennis Cook

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Satelait siwo na nyanya enumake siwo do xoxo la le gbegblẽm

[Afi Si Míexɔ Mɔɖeɖe Tso]

NASA photo

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Anyigba: NASA photo