Anyigba la ƒe Dzɔdzɔmenuwo Le Vɔvɔm

“Le dzɔdzɔme la, ɖe nusianu do ka kple wo nɔewo, eye fifia wole vodada siwo míewɔ va yi ƒe akɔnta biam mí.”—African Wildlife magazine.

XEXEAME Katã ƒe Dzɔdzɔmenuwo Dzikpɔha gblɔ be tso keke ƒe 1980 ƒeawo me la, amegbetɔwo le dzɔdzɔmenuwo zãm wu alesi bubuwo naɖo eteƒe. * Gake esia nye nusiwo gblẽm míele le míaƒe xexeame ŋu ƒe dzesiawo dometɔ ɖeka ko.

Nu bubu si fia alesi míele nuwo zãm wu alesi dzɔdzɔme ate ŋu aɖɔ li woe ye nye alesi nugbagbewo kple wo nɔƒewo dome ƒomedodo le. Nyagbɔgblɔ “nugbagbewo kple wo nɔƒewo dome ƒomedodo” fia kadodo vovovo siwo le nugbagbewo kple nusiwo me agbe mele o siwo katã le nuto aɖe me la dome. Nugbagbewo kple wo nɔƒewo dome ƒomedodo ƒe dedienɔnɔ bliboa—si míekpɔna le avewo, tɔsisi kple atsiaƒuwo me nugbagbe siwo le wo me ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ me—ƒo ƒu wɔ nusi Xexeame Katã ƒe Dzɔdzɔmenuwo Dzikpɔha yɔ be Nɔnɔme si me Nugbagbewo Kple Wo Nɔƒewo Ðo Ŋuti Kɔntabubu. Tso ƒe 1970 va ɖo 2000 me la, lã ƒomevi vovovowo ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ dzi ɖe kpɔtɔ wòde 37 le alafa me.

Ðe Dzɔdzɔmenuwo Sɔ Gbɔ Ade Amesiame Nua?

Ne Ɣetoɖoƒedukɔ, afisiwo wode nuwo fiasewo me wòyɔ fũ eye nudzadzra kple nuƒeƒle te ŋu yia edzi zã kple keli, mee nèle la, asesẽ na wò be nàsusui be dzɔdzɔmenuwo ate ŋu avɔ. Gake anyigbadzinɔla ʋɛ aɖewo koe nɔa agbe abe kesinɔtɔwo ene. Ame akpa gãtɔ tsoa hloloe gbesiagbe hafi te ŋu kpɔa agbemenuhiahiãwo. Le kpɔɖeŋu me, wobu akɔnta be amesiwo wu biliɔn eve nɔa agbe ɖe dɔlar etɔ̃ alo esi mede nenema o nu gbeɖeka eye ame biliɔn eve mekpɔa elektrikŋusẽ zãna o.

Ame aɖewo daa dukɔ madeŋgɔwo ƒe ahedada ƒe fɔbubua ɖe kesinɔdukɔwo ƒe asitsatsa me nuwɔnawo dzi. Agbalẽ si nye Vital Signs 2003 [Dzesi Vevi Aɖewo 2003] gblɔ be: “Le go geɖe me la, wotea ame dahewo ɖe to le xexeame ƒe asitsanyawo me.” Esi amesiwo le ʋiʋlim be yewoƒe asi nasu dzɔdzɔmenu xɔasi siwo le vevem ŋutɔ ƒe vi aɖe dzi le dzidzim ɖe edzi ta la, ame dahewo mate ŋu aʋli ho be woakpɔ wo tɔ sinua o. Esia wɔnɛ be dzɔdzɔmenuawo ƒe akpa gãtɔ va zua amesiwo ate ŋui—siwo nye kesinɔtɔwo—la tɔ.

Avewo Le Vɔvɔm

Wobu akɔnta be Afrikatɔ 80 le alafa mee zãa nake tsɔ ɖaa nui. Tsɔ kpe ɖe eŋu la, South Africa ƒe Getaway magazine gblɔ be “le xexeame katã la, Afrikae amewo dzina le wu [eye] afima kee dugã me nɔlawo hã ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ le dzidzim ɖe edzi le wu.” Esia wɔe be le Sahel, si nye Sahara Dzogbe ƒe anyiehe liƒo ƒe nuto gbadza ŋutɔ aɖe, afisi tsi dzana le vie ko, me la, atiwo vɔ ƒo xlã dugã aɖewo wòɖo kilometa 100 kple edzivɔ.  Menye ɖe wotsoa atiawo dzro ko o. Nufialagã Samuel Nana-Sinkam gblɔ be: ‘Afrikatɔ akpa gãtɔ tsoa ati siwo le woa ŋutɔwo ƒe nutoa me wòvɔna le nusi nu woanɔ agbe ɖo didi ko ta.’

Nɔnɔmea to vovo kura le Anyiehe Amerika ya. Le kpɔɖeŋu me, atidzedɔwɔha siwo ŋkɔ wode agbalẽ me le se nu de 7,600 kloe le Brazil ƒe anyigba xɔdzo dzi ve siwo me tsi dzana le fũ me. Wo dometɔ geɖewo nye dukɔwo dome habɔbɔ gã si me tɔwo nye adzɔha gã vovovowo ƒe dɔwɔhawo. Mahogani-ti ɖeka axɔ abe dɔlar 30 ene le atidzedɔwɔhawo gbɔ. Gake kaka gadede dɔme ŋuti ɖoɖowɔhawo, asitsalawo, kple adzɔnuwɔlawo naɖe woƒe viɖewo le eme la, ati ma ɖeka ke axɔ dɔlar 130,000 kple edzivɔ hafi aɖo xɔmenuwo dzraƒe. Eyata mewɔ nuku o be wobua mahogani nu xɔasi ŋutɔ aɖe.

Wota nyati geɖe ku ɖe alesi wole Brazil ƒe anyigba xɔdzo dzi ve siwo me tsi dzana le fũ tsrɔ̃mee ŋu. Foto siwo woɖe tso yamenutome ɖee fia be wogblẽa Brazil ƒe avenyigba si ƒe lolome togodo nye kilometa 20,000 ƒe sia ƒe tso ƒe 1995 va ɖo ƒe 2000 me. Veja magazine si wotana le Brazil ka nya ta be: “Aveawo gbegblẽ tsodzikaƒoname sia fia be ave si ƒe lolome le abe bɔlƒoƒe ene dome gblẽna sɛkɛnd enyi ɖesiaɖe.” Nukutɔe la, wogblɔ be United States ɖeɖe dzaa dɔ mahogani siwo wotsona le Brazil la dometɔ 70 le alafa me le ƒe 2000 me.

Alea kee avenyigbawo gbegblẽ le edzi yim le xexeame ƒe akpa bubuwo hãe. Le kpɔɖeŋu me, Mexico ƒe ave kple avetsuwo ƒe afã vɔ le ƒe 50 siwo va yi me. Philippines-vewo ya tɔ gavɔ̃ɖi kura wu. Dukɔ sia ƒe avenyigba si ƒe lolome nye hekta 100,000 vɔna ƒe sia ƒe, eye wobu akɔnta le ƒe 1999 me be ne eyi edzi nenema la, kaka ƒe ewo naɖo la, ne woma dukɔa ƒe avewo ɖe akpa etɔ̃ la, eƒe akpa eve avɔ.

Ati sesẽwo te ŋu xɔa ƒe 60 va ɖo ƒe 100 hafi tsina nyuie, gake miniti ʋɛ aɖewo koe wotsɔ tsona wo ƒua anyii. Ðe wòle be wòawɔ nuku na mí be míaƒe avewo mate ŋu atsi kabakaba ava xɔ ɖe esiwo dome gblẽm wole teƒe oa?

Agbledenyigba Hã Le Vɔvɔm

Ne wotso atiwo la, ke si le anyigba ŋkume ƒuna eye ya ƒonɛ alo tsi kplɔnɛ dzonae.

Le dzɔdzɔme nu la, tsi kplɔa ke dzonae le anyigba ŋkume eye zi geɖe la, eya meɖea fu boo o—negbe ɖe amegbetɔ dzi nuwɔnaa ɖe edzi to bemalémalé na anyigbaa me. Le kpɔɖeŋu me, magazine si nye China Today gblɔ be  yaƒoƒo si lɔa ke ɖe enu, kple nuwɔna bubuwo abe avewo dome gbegblẽ kple lãwo ƒe gbeɖuɖu akpa ene “na” anyigba ƒe teƒe geɖe le dzogbe zum “kabakaba.” Ku si tɔgbe mebɔ o, si ɖi le nyitsɔ laa ƒe ƒe siawo me, wɔe be Siberia ƒe ya fafɛ siwo ƒona toa China-dukɔa me ate ŋu agblẽ nu le dukɔa ƒe ɣetoɖoƒe kple dzieheɣetoɖoƒe nutowo ŋu. Ya lɔ ke si ƒe amadede nye aŋutiɖiɖi kple ʋuʋudedi tɔn gbogbo aɖe dzoe, eye elɔ woƒe ɖewo yi keke Korea kple Japan ke. Fifia China-nyigba ƒe lolome si ade 25 le alafa me kloe la zu dzogbe.

Nusiawo tɔgbe kee gblẽ nu le agbledenyigbawo ŋu le Afrika hã. Africa Geographic gblɔ be: “Agbledelawo to avewo ƒoƒo na nuku dodo me gblẽ nu le anyigba ŋkume kea ŋu eye naneke maganya awɔ le eŋu o.” Wobu akɔnta be ne woŋlɔ gbewo le anyigba aɖe dzi ƒe etɔ̃ la, nuku siwo anyigbaa ana le ƒe siwo kplɔe ɖo me la anɔ esiwo wòna va yi la ƒe afã ko. Eyata magazine la gblɔ kpe ɖe eŋu be: “Anyigba ƒe lolome hekta miliɔn gbogbo aɖe dome gblẽ xoxo eye miliɔn geɖewo gaɖo ta gbegblẽ me elabena agblemenu siwo wokpɔna ŋena le nuto aɖewo me le to yim ƒe sia ƒe.”

Wogblɔ be tsi alo ya kplɔa Brazil ƒe ke si ƒe kpekpeme ade tɔn miliɔn 500 dzonae ƒe sia ƒe. Nutome Kple Dzɔdzɔmenuwo ŋu Nya Gbɔkpɔha le Mexico gblɔ be tsi ƒe anyigba ŋkume ke kpɔkplɔ dzoe gblẽ nu le anyigba siwo dzi ati kpuiwo le dometɔ 53 le alafa me ŋu, egblẽ nu le ave 59 le alafa me ŋu, eye wògblẽ nu le avetsuwo 72 le alafa me hã ŋu. Dukɔ Ƒoƒuawo ƒe Ŋgɔyidɔwo Gbɔkpɔha na Dukɔ Dahewo gblɔ be ne wobu nusiawo katã ŋu la, “ɖewohĩ ne woma xexeame ƒe agbledenyigba ɖe akpa etɔ̃ la, tsi ƒe ke kpɔkplɔ gblẽa nu le akpa eve ŋu. Esia na agblemenuku si wokpɔna la ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ le ɖiɖim kpɔtɔ kabakaba, evɔ amesiwo wòle be woana nuɖuɖui ya ƒe xexlẽme le dzidzim ɖe edzi.”

Tsi​—Enye Nu Xɔasi si Wòle Be Wòabɔ Amesiame Nakpɔ Hafi

Ame ate ŋu anɔ agbe ɣleti ɖeka numaɖumaɖui, gake ne menoa tsi o la, aku le kwasiɖa ɖeka aɖe ko me. Eyata tsi ŋutinunyalawo gblɔ be tsi nyui ƒe veve ava zu nusita amewo anɔ dzre wɔm ɖo le ƒe siwo ava va me. Ƒe 2002 Time magazine aɖe ka nya ta be le xexeame godoo la, amesiwo wu biliɔn ɖeka mete ŋu kpɔa tsi nyui nona o.

Susu vovovowo tae tsi nyui ƒe anyimanɔmanɔ va le kuxi zum ɖo. Le France la, ɖiƒoƒo dzɔdzɔmenuwoe nye nusiwo na tsi nyui meli woakpɔ ano o dometɔ ɖeka eye enye nusi ŋu wotsi dzi ɖo. Magazine si nye Le Figaro gblɔ be: “Wogblẽ nu le tɔsisi siwo le France ŋu ŋutɔ.” Dzɔdzɔmeŋutinunyalawo kpɔe be kuxia tso nusiwo me nitrate sɔ gbɔ ɖo, vevietɔ aɖu siwo wotsɔna dea agblee si tsi kplɔ gbɔ. Magazinea gblɔ kpe ɖe eŋu be: “Le ƒe 1999 me la, France tɔsisi siwo me nitrate le, siwo ƒe kpekpeme ade tɔn 375,000 kplɔ kɔ ɖe Atlantik ƒua me, si de ƒe 1985 tɔ ƒe teƒe eve kloe.”

Kuxi sia kee le Japan hã. Yutaka Une, amesi nye lɔlɔ̃nu faa habɔbɔ si kpɔa agbledede ƒe dedienɔnɔ gbɔ ƒe amegã, gblɔ be hafi woate ŋu akpɔ nuɖuɖu si asu na dukɔa me tɔwo ɣesiaɣi la, “mɔnu si ko ŋudɔ agbledelawo ate ŋu awɔe nye be woazã nukunyotikewo kple lãviwutikewo be woate ŋu akpɔ nuɖuɖu ƒe hiahiã  la gbɔ.” Esia wɔe be woƒo ɖi tometsiwo—eye Tokyo ƒe IHT Asahi Shimbun gblɔ tso nusia ŋu be “enye kuxi gã aɖe le Japan dukɔa me godoo.”

Nyadzɔdzɔgbalẽ si nye Reforma ka nya ta be le Mexico la, dɔléle 35 le alafa me “tso alesi nutoa me le gbɔ.” Gakpe ɖe eŋu la, lãmesẽnyawo ŋu agbalẽŋlɔla ƒe numekuku ɖee fia be “do si me tsi ƒoɖi tona mele dukɔa me tɔ 1 si o le ame 4 ɖesiaɖe dome; vudo, tɔsisi, alo ta mee amesiwo wu miliɔn 8 dua tsi tsonae; eye amesiwo wu miliɔn ɖeka dzea tsi tsoa tsitsɔʋuwo me.” Eyata mewɔ nuku o be wogblɔ be Mexicotɔ 90 le alafa me siwo mitsinyenyedɔ ɖea fu na la xɔa dɔ sia tsoa tsi ƒoɖi nono me!

Brazil ƒe Veja magazine gblɔ be: “Menye ŋdɔ ƒe ʋuʋu nyuie, ƒutake ɣi, kple atsiaƒu ƒe amadede blɔ la koe nye nukpɔkpɔ le Rio ƒe ƒutawo o. Afɔdzi me dɔlékui gbogbo aɖe nɔa tsia me eye ɣeaɖewoɣi la, mɔ̃memi hã nɔa eme.” Nusitae wòle nenemae nye be wometrɔa asi le Braziltɔwo ƒe tsi ƒoɖiwo ƒe afã ŋu hafi wosina yia tɔsisiwo, tawo, kple atsiaƒu me tẽ o. Esia wɔnɛ be tsi nyui kpɔkpɔ nyea kuxi ɣesiaɣi. Wogblẽ tɔsisi siwo le Brazil ƒe du gãtɔ kekeake si nye São Paulo me ale gbegbe be fifia ɖe wotsɔa tsinono tsoa teƒe si didi abe kilometa 100 ene.

Le xexea ƒe akpa bubu, si nye Australia la, tsi nyui ƒe anyimanɔmanɔ tso alesi dze sɔ gbɔ ɖe anyigba ƒe akpa mae la gbɔ. Ƒe geɖe enye esia wode dzi ƒo na amesiwo si anyigba le be woade agble ɖe woƒe anyigbaawo dzi. Esi wolã atiwo eye ati siwo susɔ megasɔ gbɔ ano tometsiawo o ta la, tometsiwo va te dzi vava eye dze tɔn gbogbo aɖe hã nɔa wo me. Australia ƒe Dzɔdzɔmeŋutinunya Kple Adzɔnuwo Wɔwɔ Numekuha (CSIRO) gblɔ be: “Dze xɔ anyigba siwo ƒe lolome anɔ hekta miliɔn 2 kple afã [agbleka, acre miliɔn 6.2] xoxo. Anyigba siawo ƒe akpa gãtɔ nye Australia ƒe agbledenyigba siwo wɔa nu wu.”

Ame aɖewo xɔe se be ne ɖe Australia ƒe sewɔlawo tsɔ ɖe le amewo me wu viɖe si wokpɔna la, anye ne woƒo asa na dze ƒe anyigba me nɔnɔ ƒe kuxi sia hafi. Hugo Bekle si le Edith Cowan Yunivɛsiti le Perth, Australia, gblɔ be: “Woxlɔ̃ nu dziɖuɖuwo tso keke ƒe 1917 me ke be lugbledenyigba koŋue dze la gbɔna xɔxɔ ge. Woɖe gbeƒã ŋusẽ si atiwo tsotso akpɔ ɖe dze ƒe tɔsisiwo me xɔxɔ dzi le ƒe 1920 ƒeawo me, eye Agbledenyawo Dzikpɔha lɔ̃ ɖe alesi wòakpɔ ŋusẽ ɖe tometsiwo ƒe dzidzi va dzii dzi le ƒe  1930 ƒeawo me. Australia ƒe Dzɔdzɔmeŋutinunya Kple Adzɔnuwo Wɔwɔ Numekuha wɔ numekuku deto aɖe na [Australia] Dziɖuɖua le ƒe 1950 me, . . . ke hã dziɖuɖumegãwo yi edzi gbe nuxlɔ̃ameawo dzi wɔwɔ, eye wogbe dzɔdzɔmeŋutinunyalawo ƒe nyawo xɔxɔ hegblɔ be nazã bumee wonɔ.”

Míaƒe Agbe Ðo Afɔku Me

Eme kɔ ƒã be taɖodzinu nyuiwoe le amegbetɔ ƒe nuwɔna geɖe ŋu. Gake abe alesi wònɔna zi geɖe ene la, míenya nu tso míaƒe nutoa me ŋu nyuie be míagblɔ nusiwo atso míaƒe nuwɔna me ɖi wòasɔ pɛpɛpɛ o. Nusiwo do tso eme la do nuxaxa na ame ale gbegbe. Tim Flannery, amesi nye Anyiehe Australia Blemanudzraɖoƒe dzikpɔlagã, gblɔ be: “Míetɔtɔ nuwo ƒe agbe le afisia ale gbegbe be míegblẽ nu le anyigba si lé mí ɖe te ŋu eye wòwɔe be mía ŋutɔwo míaƒe agbe hã ɖo afɔku me.”

Nukae nye egbɔkpɔnua? Ðe ameƒomea ava nya alesi woanɔ agbe wòade nutoa me dzia? Le nyateƒe me la, ɖe woate ŋu axɔ na míaƒe anyigba la?—g05 1/8.

[Etenuŋɔŋlɔ]

[Aɖaka si le axa 18]

Tsi Gege Toŋ Ðesiaɖe Hiã

Afɔɖeɖe bɔbɔe ʋɛ siawo ate ŋu ana màgblẽ tsi lita gbogbo aɖe dome o.

● Dzra pɔmpi ʋunu siwo xa tsi le dzadzam toe ɖo.

● Lé ŋku ɖe tsi agbɔsɔsɔme si nèlena ŋu.

● Ne pɔmpi nue nèlua ge alo klɔa nume le la, ekema mègana tsia nanɔ ɖuɖum ɖe yame o.

● Na wò nudodo ƒoɖiwo nasɔ gbɔ ate ŋu ayɔ nunyamɔ̃ hafi nàzã nunyamɔ̃ anya woe. (Nya sia ku ɖe agbaklɔmɔ̃zazã hã ŋu.)

[Aɖaka/Nɔnɔmetata si le axa 19]

Lé Be na Nu be Nu Nagahiã Wò O

● The Canberra Times gblɔ be togbɔ be Australia nye anyigbagã si dzi tsiku ɖina le wu ɖesiaɖe le xexeame hã la, tsi si wohena dea agblemenuwo ƒe akpa si wu 90 le alafa me nye “do ko woɖena ɖe agbleawo me tsi va xana ɖe wo me.” “Aɖaŋu” sia kee “wozã le faraowo ƒe piramidwo tuɣi.”

● Le xexeame godoo la, tsi si ame ɖeka zãna le mama dedie nu (tsi si wozãna le agbledede kple adzɔnuwo wɔwɔ me hã le eme) anɔ lita 550,000 ƒe sia ƒe. Gake Dziehe Amerikatɔ ɖeka zãna tsi lita 1,600,000 ƒe sia ƒe le mama dedie nu. Dukɔ siwo nɔ Russiatɔwo ƒe dziɖuɖu aɖe te tsã me tɔwoe zãe wu, si nye tsi lita 5,300,000 na ame ɖeka ƒe zazã ƒe sia ƒe.

● Magazine si nye Africa Geographic gblɔ be, “le mama dedie nu la, nu agbɔsɔsɔme sinu South Africa tɔ ɖeka ɖuna ƒe sia ƒe la bia be woakpɔ agbledenyigba hekta 4.0 na ame ɖeka, gake agbledenyigba si nye hekta 2.4 koe dukɔa ate ŋu akpɔ na ame ɖeka.”

[Nɔnɔmetata si le axa 17]

Sahel ƒe avenyigba siwo vɔ le Burkina Faso. Avetsu aɖe nɔ afisia ƒe 15 enye si va yi

[Afi Si Míexɔ Mɔɖeɖe Tso]

© Jeremy Hartley/Panos Pictures

 [Nɔnɔmetata si le axa 20]

Ave ƒoƒo atɔ dzoe hena agble dede le ave siwo me tsi dzana le fũ gblẽm le Cameroon

[Afi Si Míexɔ Mɔɖeɖe Tso]

© Fred Hoogervorst/Panos Pictures

[Nɔnɔmetata si le axa 20]

Ðiƒoƒo si tsoa ʋuwo gbɔ gakpɔtɔ nye nusi na wotsia dzi le United States

[Nɔnɔmetata si le axa 20]

Wogblẽ Braziltɔwo ƒe avenyigba si ƒe kekeme ade kilometa 20,000 togodo ƒe sia ƒe tso 1995 va ɖo 2000 me

[Afi Si Míexɔ Mɔɖeɖe Tso]

© Ricardo Funari/SocialPhotos.com

[Nɔnɔmetata si le axa 21]

Bɔlunyilawo gblẽ tometsi si dzina le India kɔƒe vudo sia me

[Afi Si Míexɔ Mɔɖeɖe Tso]

© Giacomo Pirozzi/Panos Pictures

[Nɔnɔmetata si le axa 21]

Amesiwo wu biliɔn eve nɔa agbe ɖe ga dɔlar etɔ̃ alo esi mede nenema o nu gbeɖeka

[Afi Si Míexɔ Mɔɖeɖe Tso]

© Caroline Penn/Panos Pictures