“Poland Nɔvihabɔbɔ”—Nukata Woti Wo Yome?

Le ƒe 1638 me la, Poland sewɔtakpekpe tu nu kple subɔsubɔha sue aɖe si woyɔna be Poland Nɔvihabɔbɔ la vevie. Wogbã ƒuƒoƒoa ƒe sɔlemexɔ kple agbalẽtaƒe. Wotu Yunivɛsiti si nɔ Raków eye wonya nufialagãawo de gbe.

Le ƒe blaeve megbe la, sewɔtakpekpea gaɖe afɔ bubu. Eɖe gbe na ƒuƒoƒoa me tɔ ɖesiaɖe, siwo ƒe agbɔsɔsɔme anɔ 10,000 alo wu nenema la be woadzo le dukɔa me. Aleke wɔ nɔnɔmewo va trɔ alea gbegbe le dukɔ si wobuna ɣemaɣi be enye dukɔ siwo ɖea mɔ ɖe nu ŋu wu le Europa katã dometɔ ɖeka la me? Nukae Poland Nɔvihabɔbɔa wɔ si ta wòle be woawɔ nu ɖe wo ŋu alea?

NYA bliboa ƒe gɔmedzedzee nye masɔmasɔ sesẽ aɖe si do mo ɖa le Poland ƒe Kalvintɔwo ƒe Sɔlemeha la me. Nusi koŋue he dzrea vɛ enye Mawuɖekaetɔ̃ nufiafia la. Ha aɖe si woɖo ɖe haa me si tsɔa ɖe le nukpɔsusu yeyewo me ƒe ŋgɔnɔlawo gbe nufiafia la be metso Ŋɔŋlɔawo me o. Esia na dzi ku sɔlemehaŋgɔlawo eye ha si lɔ̃a nukpɔsusu yeyea me nɔlawo ɖe ɖa le wo ŋu.

Kalvintɔwo tsɔ ŋkɔ na tsitretsiɖeŋulaawo be Ariustɔwo, * gake ƒuƒoƒo yeyea me tɔwo yɔa wo ɖokui be Kristotɔwo alo Poland Nɔvihabɔbɔ. Wogayɔa wo hã be Socinustɔwo, le esi Italytɔ Laelius Socinus, si dzi Servetus kpɔ ŋusẽ ɖo, eye wònye amesi ƒe nyruiyɔvi, Faustus Socinus, zɔ mɔ yi Poland va zu ame ŋkuta le ƒuƒoƒoa me ta.

Ɣemaɣi la, Polandtɔ ame ŋkuta Jan Sienieński, dze agbagba be yeadi nɔƒe si wòyɔ be “modzeanyi teƒe si sa ɖe aga” na xɔseha yeyea be wòanɔ afima atsi. Le mɔnukpɔkpɔ tɔxɛ si Poland fia na Sienieński ŋudɔwɔwɔ me la, etso Raków du si va zu Socinus-subɔsubɔa ƒe ta le Poland. Sienieński na mɔnukpɔkpɔ geɖe Raków dumeviawo, hekpe ɖe subɔsubɔblɔɖe ŋu.

Asinudɔwɔlawo, ɖɔktawo, atikedzralawo, dumeviwo, kple ame ŋkutawo tso subɔsubɔha vovovowo me va du yeyea me. Gakpe ɖe eŋu la, dumegãwo tso Poland, Lithuania, Transylvania, France, kple England gɔ̃ hã va kɔ ɖi bibibi. Gake menye vavala yeye siawo katãe xɔ Socinustɔwo ƒe dzixɔsewo dzi se o; eyata le ƒe etɔ̃ siwo kplɔe ɖo, tso ƒe 1569 va ɖo 1572 me la, Raków va zu du si me woʋlia mawunya ŋuti nyawo le ɣesiaɣi. Nukae do tso eme?

Aƒe si Me Ma

Socinus ƒuƒoƒoa ŋutɔ hã va ma, amesiwo lé ha la ƒe sewo me ɖe asi ɖikaa le akpa ɖeka eye amesiwo le eme ɖewoɖewoe hã le akpa bubu. Togbɔ be vovototo nɔ wo me hã la, woƒe dzixɔsewo ɖe dzesi. Wogbe Mawuɖekaetɔ̃ nufiafia la; wogbe tsidedeta na vidzĩwo; wometsɔa tu o eye womehea dunya o. * Azɔ hã womeda asi ɖe edzi be teƒe  aɖe li nye dzomavɔ afisi wowɔa funyafunya ame le o. Gawu la, wogbe subɔsubɔkɔnu nyanyɛwo.

Kalvintɔwo kple Katolikotɔwo ƒe osɔfowo siaa he yometiti sesẽ va ƒuƒoƒoa dzii, gake Socinus hameviwo wɔ subɔsubɔblɔɖe si ŋu Poland fiawo abe Sigismund II, Augustus kple Stephen Báthory ɖe mɔ ɖo ŋudɔ hefia woƒe dzixɔsewo.

Dɔ Ðedzesi si Budny Wɔ

Kalvintɔwo ƒe Biblia gɔmeɖeɖe si ame geɖe zãna le ɣemaɣiwo me menɔ exlẽla geɖe ƒe nuhiahiãwo gbɔ kpɔm o. Menye gbegbɔgblɔ siwo me woŋlɔ Biblia ɖo gbã mee woɖe egɔme tsoe o, ke Latingbe me Vulgate Biblia gɔmeɖeɖe kple Fransegbe me gɔmeɖeɖe si nɔ anyi ɣemaɣi mee woɖe egɔme tsoe. Agbalẽ aɖe gblɔ be: “Nyateƒetoto kple nukpɔsusuawo tututu medze o le atsyã si wodi be yewoade eme ta.” Wova wɔ vodada geɖe. Eyata wokpe agbalẽnyala nyanyɛ aɖe si ŋkɔe nye Szymon Budny be wòava ɖɔ vodadaawo ɖo le gɔmeɖeɖea me. Etso nya me be anɔ bɔbɔe wu be yeagbugbɔ egɔme aɖe yeyee kura tsɔ wu be yeaɖɔ xoxoa ɖo. Budny dze dɔa wɔwɔ gɔme le ƒe 1567 me lɔƒo.

Esi Budny nɔ egɔme ɖem la, elé ŋku ɖe nya ɖesiaɖe kple nya bubu siwo ɖi wo ŋu nyuie ale gbegbe be ame aɖeke mewɔe le Poland nenema kpɔ o. Afisi Hebrigbe me nyaa gɔmeɖeɖe sesẽ le la, eɖea egɔme nya ɖe nya dzi hedenɛ axadzinuŋɔŋlɔ me. Ne ehiã la, etoa nya yeyewo vanɛ eye wòdzea agbagba zãa Polandgbe me nya bɔbɔe siwo wozãna le eƒe ɣeyiɣia me. Eƒe taɖodzinue nye be yeaɖe Biblia gɔme le anukwareɖiɖi me wòade pɛpɛpɛ na exlẽlawo.

Wota Budny ƒe Biblia gɔmeɖeɖe bliboa le ƒe 1572 me. Gake amesiwo ta Hela Ŋɔŋlɔa si gɔme wòɖe la tɔtɔ gɔmeɖeɖea. Dzi meɖe le Budny ƒo o, egbugbɔ trɔ asi le gɔmeɖeɖea ŋu hewu enu le ƒe eve megbe. Budny ƒe Hela Ŋɔŋlɔawo si gɔme wòɖe nyuie la nyo sasasã wu Polangbe me gɔmeɖeɖe tsãtɔawo. Tsɔ kpe ɖe eŋu la, egbugbɔ Mawu ƒe ŋkɔ Yehowa ɖo afisiwo wòdze le le teƒe geɖe.

Le ƒe alafa 16 lia ƒe nuwuwu kple ƒe alafa 17 lia ƒe ƒe blaetɔ̃ gbãtɔawo me la, Raków, si nye afisi koŋ ƒuƒoƒoa le va zu mawusubɔsubɔnyawo kple agbalẽ srɔ̃ƒe. Poland Nɔvihabɔbɔa kplɔlawo kple agbalẽŋlɔlawo ta woƒe traktwo kple agbalẽ bubuwo le afima.

Wodo Agbalẽsɔsrɔ̃ Ðe Ŋgɔ

Poland Nɔvihabɔbɔa ƒe agbalẽtadɔa te zɔ ɖeɖe le ƒe 1600 me lɔƒo esime woɖo agbalẽtaƒe ɖe Raków. Wote ŋu taa agbalẽ sue kple gãawo siaa le agbalẽtamɔ̃a dzi le gbegbɔgblɔ vovovowo me. Eteƒe medidi o Raków gbalẽtaƒea va nɔ ka ɖeka dzi kple nyuitɔ kekeake le Europa. Woxɔe se be le ƒe 40 siwo kplɔe ɖo me la, wota agbalẽ vovovo 200 le agbalẽtamɔ̃ ma dzi. Pepawɔƒe aɖe si nye Poland Nɔvihabɔbɔa tɔ si te ɖe agbalẽtaƒea ŋu wɔa pepa nyuitɔ kekeake wotsɔ taa agbalẽwoe.

Poland Nɔvihabɔbɔa kpɔe be ehiã be yewoafia nu yewo havi xɔsetɔwo kple ame bubuwo siaa woanya agbalẽ. Ema ta woɖo Raków Yunivɛsiti le ƒe 1602 me. Poland Nɔvihabɔbɔa me tɔwo ƒe viŋutsuwo kple Katoliko kpakple Protestant ŋutsuviwo de suku le afima. Togbɔ be yunivɛsitia nye mawunyaŋutinunya ƒe hehexɔƒe hã la, menye mawunya koe wofiana o. Dutagbewo, agbenyuinɔnɔ, ŋutinya, se, nuŋububu, dzɔdzɔmeŋutinunya, ganyawo ŋuti nusɔsrɔ̃, akɔnta, atikeŋutinusɔsrɔ̃, kple lãmesẽfefe hã le sukunusɔsrɔ̃a me. Agbalẽdzraɖoƒe gã aɖe nɔ yunivɛsiti la si, eye agbalẽtaƒe si le dua mee na be wònɔ lolom ɖe edzi.

Esi woge ɖe ƒe alafa 17 lia me la, edze abe ɖe Poland Nɔvihabɔbɔa ayi edzi akpɔ dzidzedze ene. Gake meva nɔ nenema o.

Sɔlemeha la Kple Dukɔa Tso Ðe Wo Ŋu

Zbigniew Ogonowski, si le Poland Dzɔdzɔmeŋutinunya Srɔ̃ƒe ɖe nu me be: “Le ƒe alafa 17 lia ƒe ƒe blaetɔ̃ lia ƒe nuwuwu la, nuwo te gbegblẽ kabakaba na Ariustɔwo le Poland.” Katolikoha la ƒe nunɔlawo ƒe tsitretsiɖeŋu si nɔ dzidzim ɖe dzi koŋue he nusia vɛ. Osɔfoawo to mɔ ɖesiaɖe si woate ŋui dzi be yewoagblẽ Poland Nɔvihabɔbɔa ŋu, wogblɔa wo ŋu gblẽnyawo eye  wotaa wo ɖe agbalẽ me. Dziɖuɖu yeye si va le Poland gbɔe wòtso be wònɔ bɔbɔe be wotsi tre ɖe wo ŋu. Poland fia yeye, Sigismund III Vasa, nye Poland Nɔvihabɔbɔ ƒe futɔ. Fia siwo kplɔe ɖo, vevietɔ John II Casimir Vasa, hã kpe ɖe Katoliko Sɔlemeha la ŋu woxe mɔ na Poland Nɔvihabɔbɔa.

Nyawo va gblẽ ɖe edzi esi wotso Raków sukuvi ʋɛ aɖewo nu be wodo vlo atitsoga aɖe. Nudzɔdzɔ sia va zu nusi wotsɔ ɖo ŋkume henɔ te ɖe edzi tsrɔ̃ Poland Nɔvihabɔbɔa ƒe anyinɔa. Wotso Raków dua tsola nu le sewɔtakpekpea ƒe ʋɔnudrɔ̃ƒe aɖe be ‘ena be vɔ̃ɖinyenye le kakam’ esi wòkpe asi ɖe Raków Yunivɛsitia kple eƒe agbalẽtaƒea ŋu ta. Wotso Poland Nɔvihabɔbɔa nu be wowɔa dugbãnuwo, wowɔa vivimekɔnuwo, eye wonɔa agbe gbegblẽ. Sewɔtakpekpea tso nya me be woatu Raków Yunivɛsitia, eye woagbã Poland Nɔvihabɔbɔa ƒe agbalẽtaƒea kple sɔlemexɔa. Woɖe gbe na hameviawo be woadzo le dua me. Wonya yunivɛsiti nufialagãwo le dukɔa me eye ne wogbe la, woawu wo. Poland Nɔvihabɔbɔa me tɔ aɖewo ʋu yi afisi woanɔ dedie le, abe Silesia kple Slovakia ene.

Le ƒe 1658 me la, sewɔtakpekpea de se be Poland Nɔvihabɔbɔa nadzra woƒe nunɔamesiwo eye le ƒe etɔ̃ me la woaʋu ayi duta. Emegbe wova tso ɣeyiɣi si wona wo la dzi va ɖo ƒe eve. Woawu amesiame si agblɔ be yenye ha ma me tɔ le ƒe evea megbe.

Socinustɔ aɖewo ʋu yi Netherlands, afisi woyi woƒe agbalẽtatadɔa dzi le. Hame aɖe nɔ dɔ dzi le Transylvania vaseɖe ƒe alafa 18 lia ƒe gɔmedzedze. Le woƒe kpekpe siwo wowɔna zi etɔ̃ le kwasiɖa me me la, wodzia psalmo me hawo, wosea mawunya, eye woxlẽa katekismo si woŋlɔ tsɔ ɖea woƒe nufiafiawo mee. Be woakpɔ egbɔ be haa nayi edzi anɔ kɔkɔe la, woɖɔa wo nɔvi xɔsetɔwo ɖo, woxlɔ̃a nu wo, eye ne ehiã la, wonyaa ame le ha me.

Poland Nɔvihabɔbɔa me nɔlawo nye Mawu ƒe Nya la srɔ̃lawo. Woke ɖe nyateƒenya xɔasi aɖewo ŋu, eye womehe ɖe megbe le efiafia ame bubuwo me o. Gake mlɔeba la, wova kaka ɖe Europa katã, eye nɔnɔmeawo yi edzi sesẽ na wo be woayi edzi alé nɔvisi. Le ɣeyiɣi aɖe megbe la, Poland Nɔvihabɔbɔa gbã keŋkeŋ.

[Etenuŋɔŋlɔwo]

[Nɔnɔmetata si le axa 23]

Aƒe si nye Socinus-megã aɖe tɔ va yi

[Nɔnɔmetata si le axa 23]

Etame: Raków egbea; saɖagaxɔ si wotu le ƒe 1650 me kple susu be woaɖe “Arius-subɔsubɔ” ɖesiaɖe ƒomevi ɖa; ete: Katoliko nunɔlawo tu atitsoga aɖe ɖe teƒe sia be yewoatsɔ ade dzre yewo kple Poland Nɔvihabɔbɔa dome

[Nɔnɔmetata si le axa 21]

Title card of Biblia nieświeska by Szymon Budny, 1572