Ðe Abosam Li Ŋutɔŋutɔa?

Agbalẽ si nye “All in the Mind—A Farewell to God,” si Ludovic Kennedy ta gblɔ be: “Ɣeyiɣi aɖe va yi le Kristo Sɔlemeha la ƒe ŋutinya me esime woxɔ abosam, Beelzebul alo Satana, gbɔgbɔ vɔ̃wo ƒe fia la dzi se be eli ŋutɔŋutɔ, eye wònye ŋusẽtɔ abe alesi ame ʋɛ aɖewo xɔe se egbea be ‘Mawu’ nye ŋusẽtɔ si li la ene; woxɔe se be Yudatɔwo kple Kristotɔ gbãtɔwoe toe vɛ be vɔ̃ɖinyenye si nɔ edzi yim godoo ɣemaɣi la nye amegbetɔ afã lã afã. Emegbe Kristotɔwo va kpɔe dze sii be menye ame ŋutɔŋutɔe amesia nye o eye kpeɖodzi aɖeke mele eƒe anyinɔnɔ ŋu o eyata wowɔ dzaa heɖee ɖa le susu me.”

ABE alesi nuŋlɔla kple nyadzɔdzɔgblɔla Ludovic Kennedy gblɔe ene la, ƒe alafa nanewo enye esia si ame aɖeke mete ŋu ke ɖi Abosam ƒe anyinɔnɔ kpɔ le Kristodukɔa me o. Ke boŋ abe alesi Nufialagã Norman Cohn gblɔe ene la, “Satana kple eƒe gbɔgbɔ vɔ̃wo ƒe ŋusẽ ŋu nya xɔa susu me” na Kristotɔwo ɣeaɖewoɣi. (Europe’s Inner Demons) Menye agbalẽmanyala dzro aɖewo ko ƒe susu mee gbɔgbɔ vɔ̃ ŋu nya sia xɔna o. Le kpɔɖeŋu me, Nufialagã Cohn gblɔ be menye “agbalẽmanyalawoe” to dzixɔse si nye be Abosam trɔa eɖokui ɖe lã ƒe nɔnɔme be yeado nuvɔ̃wɔwɔ kple kɔnu makɔmakɔwo ɖe ŋgɔ la vɛ o, ke “boŋ enye nusi agbalẽnyalagãwo le xexeame ƒe nukpɔsusu nu to vɛ.” “Agbalẽnyalagã” siawo—hekpe ɖe subɔsubɔhakplɔla agbalẽnyalawo ŋu—na woho aʋa ɖe adzewɔwɔ ŋu le Europa katã tso ƒe alafa 15 lia vaseɖe ƒe alafa 17 lia me, ɣeyiɣi si ŋu wogblɔ le be sɔlemeha la kple dziɖuŋusẽwo wɔ funyafunya hewu amesiwo ade 50,000, amesiwo nu wotso be wonye adzetɔwo.

Mewɔ nuku o be ame geɖe gbe nusiwo wobu be wonye alakpadzixɔse siwo ku ɖe Abosam ŋu siwo gbɔ eme. Tso keke ƒe 1726 me gɔ̃ hã la, Daniel Defoe ɖu fewu le amewo ƒe dzixɔse si nye be Abosam nye lã wɔadã dziŋɔ aɖe “si to aʋalã abe agutɔ ene, dzowo le ta nɛ, eƒe afɔ me fe ɖe eve, eƒe asike didi legbee, eƒe aɖe le abe gaflo ene, kple bubuwo” la ŋu. Egblɔ be nukpɔsusu mawo nye “agbalẽmanyamanya ƒe nususukpɔ dzro aɖe ko” si “amesiwo to nukpɔsusu si nye be abosam nye lã wɔadã dziŋɔ aɖe vɛ kple amesiwo to abosam tata wòaɖi lã wɔadã dziŋɔa vɛ” la “tsɔ abosam si woa ŋutɔwo to vɛ ŋu nya ble xexe si mele ɖeke nyam o.”

Nenemae nèbunɛa? Èlɔ̃ ɖe edzi be “amegbetɔ ŋutɔe to abosam vɛ be yeada yeƒe nuvɔ̃wo ɖe edzia”? Nya ma dze le The Zondervan Pictorial Encyclopedia of the Bible me, eye ame geɖe siwo gblɔna be Kristotɔwo yewonye susunɛ nenema. Jeffrey Burton Russell gblɔ be Kristodukɔa ƒe mawunyaŋununyala akpa gãtɔ “bua Abosam kple gbɔgbɔ vɔ̃wo be wonye alakpadzixɔsememewo ko.”

 Ke hã le ame aɖewo gome la, Abosam li ŋutɔŋutɔ. Wosusui be ame aɖe si tri akɔ wu amegbetɔ, si nye ŋusẽtɔ vɔ̃ɖi aɖe kokokoe le megbe na nudzɔdzɔ vɔ̃ɖi siwo le edzi yim le amegbetɔ ƒe ŋutinya katã me. Russell gblɔ be “ŋɔdzinu siwo wowɔ le ƒe alafa blavelia sia me nye susu siwo ta amewo gava le exɔm se kabakaba azɔ be Abosam li, le ɣeyiɣi didi aɖe megbe la dometɔ ɖeka.” Le agbalẽŋlɔla Don Lewis ƒe nya nu la, egbegbe gbalẽnyala geɖe siwo “ɖua fewu” le “wo tɔgbui agbalẽmanyalawo” ƒe aʋatsodzixɔse kple eŋu vɔvɔ̃wo ŋu “tsã lae va zu amesiwo me gbɔgbɔ vɔ̃wo ŋu nyawo va xɔ aƒe ɖo fifia.”—Religious Superstition Through the Ages.

Ekema nyateƒenya si le nya sia me enye ka? Ðe Abosam nye aʋatsodzixɔse dzro aɖe si me susu aɖeke mele oa? Alo enye amesi li ŋutɔŋutɔ le ƒe alafa 21 lia sia hã mea?

[Nɔnɔmetata si le axa 4]

Abe alesi wòdze le Gustave Doré ƒe nutata sia me ene la, blema alakpadzixɔse ɖɔa Abosam be enye amegbetɔ afã, lã afã

[Afi Si Míexɔ Mɔɖeɖe Tso]

The Judecca—Lucifer/The Doré Illustrations For Dante’s Divine Comedy/Dover Publications Inc.