Clovis Ƒe Mawutsideta—Katolikoha ƒe Ƒe 1,500 Xɔxɔ le France

“LE PAPA ƒe ŋkɔ me, gboo,” enye gbedasi si kpe ɖe bɔmb aɖe si wowɔ ɖewoɖewoe ŋu, si wofɔ le Franseawo ƒe gbedoxɔ aɖe si Papa John-Paul II aɖi tsa ayi le September 1996 me la me. Esia nye tsitretsiɖeŋu ƒe kpɔɖeŋu si gbɔ eme si de dzesi eƒe tsaɖiɖi yi France zi atɔ̃lia. Ke hã ame 200,000 aɖewo va Franseawo ƒe dugã si nye Reims me le ƒe ma me be yewoaɖu Franktɔwo ƒe Fia Clovis ƒe Katolikotɔ zuzu ƒe ƒe 1,500 ƒe azãa kple papa la. Amekae nye fia sia si ƒe mawutsideta woyɔna be Franseawo ƒe mawutsideta? Eye nukatae ŋkuɖoɖo edzi he nyaʋiʋli ma gbegbe vɛ?

Fiaɖuƒe si nɔ Gbagbãm

Wodzi Clovis le ƒe 466 M.Ŋ. lɔƒo, wònye Childeric I, si nye Salian Franktɔwo ƒe fia, viŋutsu. Esi Romatɔwo ɖu wo dzi le ƒe 358 M.Ŋ. megbe la, woɖe mɔ na Germanytɔ siawo be woanɔ afisi woyɔna egbea be Belgium le ɖoɖoa nu be woakpɔ liƒoa ta eye woaɖe woƒe asrafowo akpe ɖe Romatɔwo ŋu. Alesi wote ɖe Gallo kple Roma tɔ siwo tso afima ŋu na Romatɔwo te ŋu ɖu Franktɔ siawo dzi ʋɛʋɛʋɛ. Childeric I wɔ ɖeka kple Romatɔwo, wɔ aʋa tsi tre ɖe Germanytɔ bubu abe Visigottɔwo kple Saxontɔwo ene, siwo ge ɖe woƒe anyigbamama me madzemadzee la ŋu. Esia na Gallo kple Roma tɔwo kpɔ dzidzɔ ɖe eyama ŋu.

Roma ƒe nuto si nɔ Gaul keke tso Rhine-tɔsisi si le dziehe gbɔ, va ɖo Pyrenees, si le anyiehe la gbɔ. Gake esime Romatɔwo ƒe Aʋafia Aetius ku le ƒe 454 M.Ŋ. la, dziɖula aɖeke meganɔ anyi o. Tsɔ kpe ɖe eŋu la, Romulus Augustulus, si nye fiagã mamlɛtɔ nɔ Roma, ƒe anyidzedze le ƒe 476 M.Ŋ. me kple Roma Fiaɖuƒea ƒe ɣetoɖoƒe kpa dzi ƒe anyidzedze he dunyahehe ƒe temanɔmanɔ gã aɖe va nutoa me. Nusi va do tso eme enye be, Gaul va nɔ abe gboɖiɖi nɔ lalam na to bubu me tɔ siwo le woƒe liƒowo dzi nava gbe ene. Mewɔ nuku be esi Clovis nyi fofoa ƒe dome la, ete agbagbadzedze be yeakeke yeƒe fiaɖuƒe ƒe liƒowo ɖe enu o. Le ƒe 486 M.Ŋ. la, eɖu Roma teƒenɔla mamlɛ si le Gaul dzi le aʋa aɖe si wowɔ le Soissons dugã gbɔ me. Aʋadziɖuɖu sia na wòkpɔ ŋusẽ ɖe nuto siwo katã nɔ Somme-tɔsisi si le dziehe, kple Loire-tɔsisi si le Gaul titina kple eƒe ɣetoɖoƒe gome la dzi.

Ŋutsu si Ava Zu Fia

To vovo na Germanytɔ bubuwo la, Franktɔwo kpɔtɔ nye trɔ̃subɔlawo. Gake Clovis ƒe Burgundy fiavinyɔnu, Clotilda, ɖeɖe kpɔ ŋusẽ gã aɖe ɖe eƒe agbe dzi. Clotilda, si nye Katolikotɔ  veviedonula la, dze agbagba madzudzɔmadzudzɔe le dzimetɔtrɔ na srɔ̃aŋutsua me. Le Gregory si tso Tours ƒe blemaŋutinya si wòŋlɔ le ƒe alafa adelia M.Ŋ. me ƒe nya nu la, aʋa si wowɔ le Tolbiac (Zülpich, Germany) kple Alemanni-toa le ƒe 496 M.Ŋ. me mee Clovis do ŋugbe le be ne Clotilda ƒe Mawu na yeɖu aʋaa dzi la, yeaɖe asi le trɔ̃subɔsubɔ ŋu. Togbɔ be esusɔ vie woaɖu Clovis ƒe asrafowo dzi hã la, wova wu Alemanni-fia eye eƒe asrafowo na ta. Le Clovis gome la, Clotilda ƒe Mawue na wòɖu aʋaa dzi. Xotutu ɖee fia be, “Ame kɔkɔe” Remigius ye de mawutsi ta nɛ, le sɔlemexɔgã si le Reims me le December 25, 496 M.Ŋ. dzi. Gake ame aɖewo xɔe se be ƒe si do megbe na ema, si nye ƒe 498/9 M.Ŋ. mee wòanye.

Agbagba siwo Clovis dze be yeaxɔ Burgundy-fiaɖuƒea si le anyieheɣedzeƒe la medze edzi o. Gake aʋa si wòho ɖe Visigottɔwo ŋu kpɔ dzidzedze esime wòɖu wo dzi le ƒe 507 M.Ŋ. me le Vouillé, si te ɖe Poitiers ŋu, si nye aʋadziɖuɖu si na wòkpɔ ŋusẽ ɖe Gaul ƒe anyieheɣetoɖoƒe ƒe akpa gãtɔ dzi. Le Clovis ƒe aʋadziɖuɖu sia ta, Roma Fiaɖuƒea ƒe fia, Anastasius, tiae be wòanye dziɖuɖuteƒenɔla. Esia na ɖoƒe si va su esi la de ŋgɔ wu ɣedzeƒe fia bubuawo katã tɔ, eye eƒe dziɖuɖua dze le Gallo kple Roma tɔwo ƒe se nu.

Esi Franktɔ siwo nɔ Rhine nuto si le ɣedzeƒe gome la dzi ɖuɖu va yi ɖe Clovis si me ko la, ewɔ Paris wòzu eƒe fiadu. Le eƒe agbenɔƒe mamlɛawo me la, edo ŋusẽ eƒe fiaɖuƒea to se dɔwɔƒe, si nye Lex Salica, ɖoɖo ɖe eme me, eye wòɖo sɔlemeha ƒe aɖaŋudeha aɖe le Orléans be wòana ƒomedodowo nanɔ Sɔlemehaa kple Dukɔa dome. Va ɖo eƒe kugbe, si anye November 27, 511 M.Ŋ. dzi la, eya ɖeka koe nye Gaul ƒe akpa etɔ̃lia dzi ɖula.

New Encyclopædia Britannica yɔa Clovis ƒe Katolikotɔ zuzu be “ɣeyiɣi tɔxɛ aɖe le ɣetoɖoƒe Europa ƒe ŋutinya me.” Nukatae fia trɔ̃subɔla sia ƒe dzimetɔtrɔ le vevie alea gbegbe? Nyateƒe si wònye be Clovis tia Katolikotɔnyenye wu Ariantɔnyenye tae.

Ariantɔwo ƒe Nyaʋiʋli La

Anɔ ƒe 320 M.Ŋ. lɔƒo la, Arius, si nye nunɔla aɖe le Alexandria, Egipte, dze Mawuɖekaetɔ̃ ŋuti nukpɔsusu siwo to vovo kura la kaka gɔme. Arius gbe be menye nɔnɔme si le Fofo la si kee le Vi la hã si o. Vi la mate ŋu anye Mawu alo asɔ kple Fofo la o, le esi gɔmedzedze le esi ta. (Kolosetɔwo 1:15) Le gbɔgbɔ kɔkɔea gome la, Arius xɔe se be enye ame gake mesɔ kple Fofo la kple Vi la o. Nufiafia sia si  ŋu ame geɖe va nya nu tsoe la he tsitretsiɖeŋu sesẽ va sɔlemehaa me. Le ƒe 325 M.Ŋ. me la, Nicea Ðaŋudetakpekpea nya Arius de gbe hegbe eƒe nufiafiawo. *

Gake esia mewu nyaʋiʋlia nu o. Nufiafia ŋuti nyaʋiʋlia yi edzi hena ƒe 60 aɖewo, eye fia siwo va ɖe wo nɔewo yome dea akpa ɖeka dzi. Mlɔeba, le ƒe 392 M.Ŋ. me la, Fiagã Theodosius I wɔ orthodɔks Katolikoha la kple eƒe Mawuɖekaetɔ̃ nufiafia la wòzu Dukɔa ƒe subɔsubɔha le Roma Fiaɖuƒea me. Hafi ɣemaɣi naɖo la, Ulfilas, si nye Germanytɔwo ƒe bisiɔp aɖe kplɔ Gothtɔwo de Ariantɔnyenye me. Germany ƒe to bubu me tɔ aɖewo va xɔ “Kristotɔnyenye” sia enumake. *

Le Clovis ƒe anyinɔɣi la, Katolikoha si nɔ Gaul nɔ nɔnɔme sesẽwo me. Visigothtɔ siwo nye Ariantɔwo nɔ agbagba dzem be yewoate Katolikotɔnyenye ɖe anyi to gbegbe be woagaɖo bisiɔpwo ɖa be wòava xɔ ɖe esi ku teƒe o me. Gakpe ɖe eŋu la, ʋiʋli kple mama gã aɖe ɖo sɔlemeha la ƒe papa eve, siwo ŋu nunɔla siwo nɔ wo nɔewo wum le akpa eveawo me le Roma la nɔ. Tsɔ kpe ɖe tɔtɔa ŋu la, Katoliko nuŋlɔla aɖewo do susua ɖa be ƒe 500 M.Ŋ. anye xexeame ƒe nuwuwu. Eyata wobu Franktɔwo ƒe aʋadziɖula la ƒe dzimetɔtrɔ ava zu Katolikotɔ la be enye nudzɔdzɔ nyui aɖe, si le dzesi dem “ame kɔkɔewo ƒe ƒe akpe yeyea.”

Gake susu kawoe nɔ Clovis si? Togbɔ be womate ŋu aŋe aɖaba ƒu eƒe dzitsitsi ɖe subɔsubɔ ŋu dzi o hã la, dunyahehe ƒe taɖodzinuwoe nɔ susu me nɛ. Esi Clovis tiae be yeanye Katolikotɔ ta la, eƒe nu va dze Gallo kple Roma tɔ siwo sɔ gbɔ wu le Katolikoha la me ŋu eye sɔlemeha la ƒe ŋgɔnɔla xɔŋkɔwo da megbe nɛ. Ðikeke mele eme o be esia de edzi wu dunyahehe ƒe hoʋiʋlia. New Encyclopædia Britannica gblɔ be, “Gaul dzi si wòɖu la va nye aʋa si ɖe wo tso Arian-aglãdzelawo ƒe kɔkuti te.”

Ameka Tututue Nye Clovis?

Do ŋgɔ na ƒe 1996 ƒe ƒezãa ɖuɖu la, bisiɔpgã si tso Reims, Gérard Defois, ɖɔ Clovis be enye “dzimetɔtrɔ aɖe si ŋu wobu hewɔ le ɖoɖo nyui nu la ƒe dzesi.” Gake Franse blemaŋutinyaŋlɔla Ernest Lavisse gblɔ be: “Clovis ƒe dzimetɔtrɔa metrɔ eƒe nɔnɔme le mɔ aɖeke nu o; agbenyuinɔnɔ kple ŋutifafa si le Nyanyuia me meɖo eƒe dzi gbɔ o.” Blemaŋutinyaŋlɔla bubu gblɔ be: “Le Odin [si nye Norsetɔwo ƒe mawu aɖe] teƒe la, exɔ Kristo ke eya amea ŋutɔ metrɔ o.” Esi Clovis ɖo ŋku agbe si Konstantino  va nɔ le eƒe yeaɖi Kristotɔ zuzu megbe dzi la, eɖoe kplikpaa be yeagbugbɔ ŋusẽ ado yeƒe dziɖuɖua to amesiwo katã tsi tre ɖe dziɖuɖua ŋu la wuwu ɖekaɖeka me. Etsrɔ̃ “eƒe ƒometɔwo katã va ɖo ƒome abɔ legbewo ke hã dzi.”

Le Clovis ƒe ku megbe la, wote nya siwo atrɔe tso aʋawɔla sẽŋuta si wònye dzi ava nye ame kɔkɔe si ŋu woade bubui dzi la kpakpa. Wobu Gregory si tso Tours ƒe nuŋlɔɖia, si wòŋlɔ anɔ ƒe alafa ɖeka lɔƒo megbe, be enye agbagbadzedze vevie be woatsɔ Clovis asɔ kple Konstantino, si nye Roma fiagã gbãtɔ si xɔ “Kristotɔnyenye.” Eye esi Gregory gblɔ be Clovis xɔ ƒe 30 le eƒe mawutsidetaxɔɣi la, edze abe ɖe wònɔ agbagba dzem be yeatsɔe asɔ kple Kristo ene.—Luka 3:23.

Hincmar, si nye bisiɔp si le Reims, va yi nuwɔna sia dzi le ƒe alafa asiekelia me. Esime sɔlemexɔgãwo va nɔ tsaɖiƒewo zum la, taɖodzinu si anya nɔ agbemeŋutinya si wòŋlɔ tso “Ame kɔkɔe,” Remigius, si do ŋgɔ nɛ ŋu enye be yeatsɔe ado ŋkɔ si yeƒe sɔlemea xɔ la ɖe dzi eye be yeatsɔe ade asixɔxɔ eŋu. Le eƒe nuŋlɔɖia me la, ahɔ̃ne ɣi aɖe tsɔ ami ɖe goe aɖe me vɛ be woasi na Clovis esime wode mawutsi ta nɛ—si dze ƒã be etsɔe nɔ sɔsɔm kple gbɔgbɔ kɔkɔe si wotsɔ si ami na Yesu. (Mateo 3:16) Hincmar to esia me tsɔ Clovis, Reims, kple fiaƒomea sɔ kple wo nɔewo hetsɔ nukpɔsusu sia ɖo kpe edzi be Clovis nye Aƒetɔ la ƒe amesiamina. *

Ŋkuɖodzi aɖe He Nyaʋiʋli Vɛ

Fransetɔwo ƒe dukplɔla tsãtɔ Charles de Gaulle gblɔ kpɔ be: “Le gonyeme la, Clovis, amesi Franktɔ, siwo tsɔ woƒe ŋkɔ na France, tia dzie Fransetɔwo ƒe ŋutinya dze egɔme tso.” Gake menye amesiamee bunɛ nenema o. Clovis ƒe mawutsideta ƒe ƒe 1,500 lia ƒe azãa ɖuɖu nye nyaʋiʋli. Le dukɔ si me Sɔlemeha kple Dukɔa klã le se nu tso 1905 me ke me la, ame geɖe tsi tre ɖe Dukɔa ƒe gomekpɔkpɔ le nusi wobu be enye subɔsubɔha ƒe azã ɖuɖu me ŋu. Esi Reims dugã ƒe aɖaŋuɖoha la ɖe gbeƒãe be yewoaxe nuƒolanɔƒe si woazã le papa ƒe sasrãkpɔa ŋu fewo la, habɔbɔ aɖe na wote fli ɖe nyametsotsoa me le ʋɔnudrɔ̃ƒe be mele se nu o. Ame bubuwo se le wo ɖokui me be ɖe sɔlemea ganɔ agbagba dzem be wòagazi eƒe agbenɔnɔ kple ɣeyiɣi kpui aɖe ƒe ŋusẽ ɖe France dzi. Nusi gagblẽ azãa ɖuɖu me ɖe edzi enye alesi wogblɔna be Clovis ye nye Dukɔa Gɔmeɖoanyila kple Katoliko ƒuƒoƒowo ƒe blemakɔnuléɖeasilawo ƒe kpɔɖeŋuɖola gbãtɔ.

Ame bubuwo ɖe ɖeklemi azãa ɖuɖu le nusiwo dzɔ le ŋutinya me ta. Wogblɔ be menye Clovis ƒe mawutsidetae na France zu Katoliko dukɔ o, elabena subɔsubɔha sia xɔ aƒe ɖe Gallo kple Roma tɔwo dome xoxoxo. Eye wobe, menye gbesigbe wòde mawutsita hãe France zu dukɔ o. Wobui be ele be woada France ƒe dukɔ zuɣi sia ɖe ɣeyiɣi si me Charlemagne ƒe fiaɖuƒea me ma le 843 M.Ŋ. me, si ana Charles Bald nanye France-fia gbãtɔ, ke menye Clovis o.

Katolikoha ƒe Ƒe 1,500 Xɔxɔ

Alekee France, si nye “Sɔlemeha la ƒe vinyɔnuvi gbãtɔ” la, ƒe Katolikotɔnyenye, le egbeae,  le ƒe 1,500 kple edzivɔwo megbe? Vaseɖe 1938 me la, France dukɔa mee Katolikotɔ siwo de mawutsita la sɔ gbɔ le wu le xexeame katã. Fifia la, exɔ nɔƒe adelia, eye wòle dukɔ siwo nye Philippines kple United States yome. Eye togbɔ be Katolikotɔ miliɔn 45 ye le France hã la, wo dometɔ miliɔn 6 koe dea Misa edziedzi. Numekuku aɖe si wowɔ nyitsɔ laa le Fransetɔ siwo nye Katolikotɔwo dome ɖee fia be ame 65 le alafa me “metsɔ ɖeke le Sɔlemeha la ƒe nufiafia siwo ku ɖe gbɔdɔnyawo ŋu me o,” eye Yesu “menye naneke kura na wo dometɔ 5 le alafa me o.” Nɔnɔme manyomanyo mawoe na papa la bia esime wòɖi tsa yi France le ƒe 1980 me be: “France, nukae nètsɔ wò mawutsideta ƒe ŋugbedodowo wɔe?”

[Etenuŋɔŋlɔwo]

[Anyigbatata si le axa 27]

(Edze nyuie le agbalẽa ŋutɔ me)

SAXONS

Rhine River

Somme River

Soissons

Reims

Paris

GAUL

Loire River

Vouillé

Poitiers

PYRENEES

VISIGOTHS

Rome

[Nɔnɔmetata si le axa 26]

Clovis ƒe mawutsideta le ƒe alafa 14 lia ƒe agbalẽ aɖe ƒe nutata nu

[Afi Si Míexɔ Mɔɖeɖe Tso]

© Cliché Bibliothèque nationale de France, Paris

[Nɔnɔmetata si le axa 28]

Clovis (titina nutata) ƒe mawutsideta ƒe kpetata si le sɔlemexɔgã si le Reims, France, ƒe mɔ nu

[Nɔnɔmetata si le axa 29]

John Paul II ƒe tsaɖiɖi yi France be yeaɖaɖu Clovis ƒe mawutsideta ƒe azãa he nyaʋiʋli ʋɛ