Nukae Dzɔ ɖe Hell ƒe Dzoa Dzi?

NƆNƆMETATA kae nya “hell” hena vaa wò susu me? Ðe nèbu hell be enye teƒe ŋutɔŋutɔ si dzo kple dzokpe le bibim le, si me funyafunya kple vevesese heliheli le tegbeea? Alo ɖe wòanye be hell nye nɔnɔme aɖe ƒe kpɔɖeŋunuɖɔɖɔa?

Ƒe alafa geɖewoe nye esia la, Kristodukɔa kplɔlawo xɔe se be hell nye teƒe si dzo le, si me funyafunyawɔame sesẽ le, eye be afimae nuvɔ̃wɔlawo ayi godoo. Nukpɔsusu sia gabɔ kokoko ɖe subɔsubɔha bubu geɖewo hã me. U.S.News & World Report gblɔ be: “Kristotɔnyenye anya wɔe be hell, va zu nya nyanyɛ, gake menye eya ɖeɖeko mee woxɔ nufiafia sia dzi se le o. Fukpekpe heliheli le ku megbe ƒe nufiafia sia le xexeame subɔsubɔha gã ɖesiaɖe kloe me, eye wòle sueawo hã me.” Hindutɔwo, Buddhatɔwo, Moslemtɔwo, Jaintɔwo kple Taotɔwo xɔ hell nufiafia ƒomevi aɖe dzi se.

Gake gɔmesese bubu va le hell ŋu le egbeŋkekeawo me. Magazine si míeyɔ va yi la gblɔ be: “Togbɔ be amewo gakpɔtɔ xɔe se be enye teƒe si dzo le bibim le gbesiagbe hã la, wova le ebum le egbeɣeyiɣiawo me be hell ƒe toheƒe mavɔ nyenye ƒe nukpɔsusua mesɔ o, si le fiafiam be, hell manye teƒe si dzo le bibim le kokoko o.”

Yesutɔwo ƒe magazine si nye La Civiltà Cattolica gblɔ be: “Anye fuflu . . . ne woabui be Mawu ato gbɔgbɔ vɔ̃wo dzi awɔ funyafunya si dziŋɔ ame vɔ̃ɖiwo, abe wo dada ɖe dzo me ene.” Egblɔ kpee be: “Menye teƒe aɖee hell nye o ke boŋ enye nɔnɔme aɖe, si me amesi mele kadodo aɖeke me kple Mawu o la kpea dzimaɖitsitsi ƒe fu le.” Papa John Paul II gblɔ le 1999 me be: “Le esi teƒe be hell nanye teƒe aɖe la, efia nɔnɔme aɖe boŋ si me amesiwo ɖoe kplikpaa ɖe wo ɖokui ɖa bliboe tso Mawu si nye agbe kple dzidzɔ dzɔtsoƒe ŋu la nɔna.” Egblɔ tso nukpɔsusu si nye be hell nye teƒe si dzo le ŋu be: “Woɖe agbenɔnɔ Mawu manɔmee ƒe dzodzodzoetsitsi kple toflokonyenye fia.” Sɔleme-ŋutinyaŋlɔla Martin Marty gblɔ be: Ne ɖe papa la ɖɔ hell be “teƒe si dzo le bibim le vlavlavla eye abosam do awu dzĩ le eme helé gaflo lɔbɔ aɖe ɖe asi la, amewo maxɔe ase o.”

Nukpɔsusu yeye mawo tɔgbe le subɔsubɔha bubuwo hã si sum. England Sɔlemeha ƒe nufiafiamekuha ka nya ta be: “Menye teƒe si wowɔa funyafunya ame le tegbee ye hell nye o, ke boŋ enye amesiwo ɖoe koŋ tsitre ɖe Mawu ŋu ɖikaa ƒe nuwuƒe matrɔmatrɔ.”

United States Episcopal Sɔlemeha ƒe nufiafiamekuha ɖe hell gɔme be “ku mavɔ le esi míegbe Mawu ta.” U.S.News & World Report, gblɔ be, ame geɖe le nukpɔsusu si nye be, “tsɔtsrɔ̃ mavɔe nye ame vɔ̃ɖiwo ƒe nuwuwu, ke menye fukpekpe tegbee o la dom ɖe ŋgɔ. . . . [Wole] eʋlim be ɖeko hell ƒe ‘dzo bibia’ afia amesiwo ɖoe kplikpaa gbe Mawu la ƒe ku ko evɔ.”

 Togbɔ be egbea ame geɖe megadi be yewoaxɔ edzi se be hell nye teƒe si dzo kple dzokpe le o hã la, ame geɖe gaxɔe se kokoko be hell nye teƒe ŋutɔŋutɔ aɖe si wowɔa funyafunya ame le. Albert Mohler si le Anyiehe Baptist Osɔfosuku si le Louisville, Kentucky, U.S.A., gblɔ be: “Ŋɔŋlɔa ƒo nu tso hell ŋu wòdze ƒã be enye teƒe ŋutɔŋutɔ aɖe si wowɔa funyafunya amewo le le dzo me.” Eye nyatakaka si nye The Nature of Hell, si nye hell ŋuti numekuku si Evangelika Osɔfowo ƒe Numekuha wɔ la gblɔ be: “Hell nye nugbegbe le ame gbɔ kple funyafunyawɔame ƒe veve si wosena.” Egblɔ kpee be: “Nuvɔ̃ si wowɔ le anyigba dzi ƒe kpekpeme dzie tohehe kple fukpekpe le hell ƒe sesẽme nɔa te ɖo.”

Nyabiasea gali kokoko be, ɖe hell nye teƒe si wowɔa funyafunya ame le tegbee alo tsrɔ̃a ame lea? Alo kaklã ɖa tso Mawu gbɔ ƒe nɔnɔme koe wònyea? Nuka tututue nye hell?

[Aɖaka/Nɔnɔmetata siwo le axa 4]

Hell ƒe Dzo Ƒe Nufiafia Dzɔtsoƒe me Dzodzro Kpuie

ƔEKAƔIE amesiwo be Kristotɔwoe yewonye la xɔ hell ƒe dzomavɔa dzi se? Yesu Kristo kple eƒe apostolowo ƒe ku megbee. “Franseawo ƒe Encyclopædia Universalis gblɔ be Apocalypse of Peter (ƒe alafa evelia M.Ŋ.) ye nye Kristotɔwo ƒe nuŋlɔɖi [kpakpa] gbãtɔ si ƒo nu tso tohehe kple funyafunya wɔwɔ nuvɔ̃wɔlawo le hell ŋu.”

Gake menye amesiamee lɔ̃ ɖe nya ɖeka dzi ku ɖe hell ŋu le Sɔlemeha Fofo gbãtɔwo dome o. Justin Martyr, Clement si tso Alexandria, Tertullian, kple Cyprian xɔe se be hell nye teƒe si dzo bina le. Origen kple mawunyaŋununyala Gregory si tso Nyssa bui be hell nye teƒe si klã ɖa tso Mawu gbɔ—si nye gbɔgbɔ me fukpekpe. Gake Augustine si tso Hippo xɔe se be gbɔgbɔ kple ŋutilã me fukpekpe siaae le hell—si nye nukpɔsusu si dzi ame geɖe lɔ̃ ɖo. Nufialagã J.N.D. Kelly ŋlɔ be: “Kaka ƒe alafa atɔ̃lia naɖo la, nufiafia kpaɖii si nye be mɔnukpɔkpɔ bubu aɖeke magasu nuvɔ̃wɔlawo si le woƒe ku megbe o eye be dzo si afiã wo hã matsi gbeɖe o, la xɔ afisiafi.”

Le ƒe alafa 16 lia me la, Protestanttɔ ɖɔɖɔɖowɔlawo abe Martin Luther kple John Calvin ene, se funyafunyawɔame le hell ƒe dzo gɔme be enye kaklã ɖa le Mawu ŋu tegbee ƒe kpɔɖeŋu. Gake nukpɔsusu si nye be hell nye teƒe si wowɔa funyafunya ame le trɔ gbɔ le ƒe alafa eve siwo kplɔe ɖo la me. Protestanttɔ mawunyagblɔla Jonathan Edwards ƒoa nu tso hell ŋu le mɔ aɖe nu si naa vɔvɔ̃ ɖoa ƒe alafa 18 lia me Amerikatɔwo vevie.

Gake le ema megbe kpuie la, hell ƒe dzo nufiafia la dze bubu gɔme vivivi. U.S.News & World Report gblɔ be “hell bu keŋkeŋ le ƒe alafa 20 lia me kloe.”

[Nɔnɔmetatawo]

Justin Martyr xɔe se be hell nye teƒe si dzo bina le

Augustine si tso Hippo bu be gbɔgbɔ kple ŋutilã me fu siaae wokpena le hell