Satana Nyakpakpae loo alo Vɔ̃ɖitɔ si Li Ŋutɔŋutɔe?

TAMEBULAWO tsi dzi ɖe vɔ̃ɖinyenye ƒe dzɔtsoƒe ŋu tso gbaɖegbe ke. A Dictionary of the Bible, si James Hastings ŋlɔ, gblɔ be: “Tso esime amegbetɔ ɖo eɖokui me la, ekpɔe be yedze ŋgɔ ŋusẽ aɖewo siwo dzi yemate ŋu aɖu o, siwo kpɔa ŋusẽ ɖe ame dzi hegblẽa nu le ame ŋu.” Numekugbalẽ ma ke gblɔ hã be: “Ameƒome gbãtɔwo di nusiwo gbɔ nudzɔdzɔwo tso la vevie, eye wogblɔ le ŋusẽ siawo kple dzɔdzɔmenudzɔdzɔ bubuwo ŋu be wonye ame aɖe si li ŋutɔŋutɔ ƒe nuwɔna.”

Blemaŋutinyaŋlɔlawo gblɔ be woate ŋu akpɔ mawu siwo nye gbɔgbɔ vɔ̃wo kple gbɔgbɔ vɔ̃ɖiwo dzixɔxɔse ŋutinya le keke Mesopotamia ƒe blemaŋutinya gbãtɔwo me. Blema Babilontɔwo xɔe se be Nergal, si nye mawu ŋutasẽla aɖe si wona ŋkɔ be “amesi tɔa dzo ame” ye nye tsiẽƒe, alo “demagbɔnugbe” ƒe amegã. Wovɔ̃na hã na gbɔgbɔ vɔ̃wo, siwo wodzea agbagba be yewoafa dzi na to akunyawɔgbe aɖewo dodo me. Le Egiptetɔwo ƒe xotutu me la, Set enye vɔ̃ɖiwɔwɔ ƒe mawu, “si wotana wòɖia gbemelã dziŋɔ aɖe si ƒe ŋɔti le lɛ hexa, eƒe towo dzɔ kã hele dzogoewo me eye asike sesẽ si ƒe nugbɔ le abe gaflo ene li nɛ.”—Larousse Encyclopedia of Mythology.

Togbɔ be mawu dɔmenyolawo kple ŋutasẽlawo nɔ Helatɔwo kple Romatɔwo si hã la, mawu vɔ̃ɖi si kpɔ ŋusẽ ɖe nusianu dzi aɖeke menɔ wo si o. Woƒe nunyalawo fia nu be gɔmeɖose eve siwo tsi tre ɖe wo nɔewo ŋue li. Empedocles gblɔ be woawoe nye Lɔlɔ̃ kple Masɔmasɔ. Plato gblɔ be “Luʋɔ” evee le xexeame, ɖeka hea nyui vɛ eye evelia hea vɔ̃ vɛ. Abe alesi Georges Minois gblɔe le eƒe agbalẽ si nye Le Diable (Abosam) me ene la, “blema [Hela kple Roma] trɔ̃subɔlawo mexɔ Abosam aɖeke ƒe anyinɔnɔ dzi se o.”

Le Iran la, wofiaa nu le Zoroaster-subɔsubɔ me be mawugã Ahura Mazda, alo Ormazd, ye wɔ Angra Mainyu, alo Ahriman, amesi tiae be yeawɔ nu vɔ̃ɖi eye wòva zu Gbɔgbɔ Gblẽnu, alo Nutsrɔ̃la.

Le Yuda-subɔsubɔ me la, woƒo nu tso Satana ŋu kpuie be enye Mawu ƒe futɔ si he nuvɔ̃ vɛ. Gake le ƒe alafa geɖe megbe la, trɔ̃subɔsubɔ ƒe nukpɔsusuwo va gblẽ numeɖeɖe ma. Encyclopaedia Judaica gblɔ be: “Kaka ƒe alafa mamlɛa D.M.Ŋ. naɖo la, . . . tɔtrɔ gã aɖe va. Le ɣeyiɣi sia me la, [Yuda] subɔsubɔ . . . va lɔ̃ ɖe gɔmeɖose vovovo eve ƒe nufiafia si me Mawu kpakple nyui kple vɔ̃ ƒe ŋusẽwo tsi tre ɖe wo nɔewo ŋu le dziƒo eye nuvɔ̃ɖiwɔwɔ kple amebeble ƒe ŋusẽwo hã tsi tre ɖe wo nɔewo ŋu le anyigba dzi la dzi. Edze abe Persiatɔwo ƒe subɔsubɔe kpɔ ŋusẽ ɖe wo dzi ene.” The Concise Jewish  Encyclopedia gblɔ be: “Wokpɔa ame ta tso gbɔgbɔ vɔ̃wo si me to se aɖewo dzi wɔwɔ kple atiblɛwo zazã me.”

Kristotɔ Xɔsegbelawo ƒe Nufiafia

Abe alesi Yuda-subɔsubɔ va lɔ̃ ɖe Satana kple gbɔgbɔ vɔ̃wo ŋuti nukpɔsusu si menɔ te ɖe Biblia dzi o dzi ene la, Kristotɔ xɔsegbelawo hã tu nukpɔsusu siwo mesɔ ɖe Ŋɔŋlɔawo nu o la ɖo. The Anchor Bible Dictionary gblɔ be: “Blema mawunyafiafia siwo gbɔ eme la dometɔ ɖekae nye be Mawu ɖe eƒe amewo to tafe nana Satana dzi.” Irenaeus (si nɔ anyi le ƒe alafa evelia M.Ŋ. me) ye do nukpɔsusu sia ɖa. Emegbe Origen (si nɔ anyi le ƒe alafa etɔ̃lia M.Ŋ. me) yi edzi gblɔ be “amegbetɔwo nye abosam tɔ le se nu” eye wòbu “Kristo ƒe kua . . . abe tafe si woxe na abosam ene.”—History of Dogma, si Adolf Harnack ŋlɔ.

The Catholic Encyclopedia ƒe nyawo ɖee fia be “[nukpɔsusu si nye be Abosam ye woxe tafea na la] wɔ akpa vevi aɖe le mawunyafiafia ƒe ŋutinya me” ƒe akpe ɖeka kloe, eye wòkpɔtɔ nye subɔsubɔhawo ƒe dzixɔse. Sɔlemeha Fofo bubuwo, tsɔ kpe ɖe Augustine (si nɔ anyi le ƒe alafa enelia M.Ŋ. me) ŋu, lɔ̃ ɖe nukpɔsusua dzi be Satanae woxe tafea na. Mlɔeba, kaka ƒe alafa 12 lia M.Ŋ. naɖo la, Katoliko mawunyaŋununyala Anselm kple Abelard va ƒo nya ta be menye Satanae xɔ Kristo ƒe tafevɔsaa o ke boŋ Mawue.

Titinaɣeyiɣiwo me Aʋatsodzixɔsewo

Togbɔ be Katolikoha ƒe aɖaŋuɖotakpekpe akpa gãtɔwo megblɔ nya aɖeke le Satana ƒe nyaa ŋu o hã la, Lateran Aɖaŋuɖotakpekpe Enelia gblɔ nya aɖewo le ƒe 1215 M.Ŋ. me si New Catholic Encyclopedia yɔ be “xɔsemeʋuʋu akuakua.” Gɔmeɖose 1 gblɔ be: “Le dzɔdzɔmenu la, Mawu wɔ abosam kple gbɔgbɔ vɔ̃ bubuwo wonye ame nyuiwo, gake woa ŋutɔwo ƒe nuwɔnawo wɔe be wova zu gbɔgbɔ vɔ̃ɖiwo.” Egblɔ kpee be wodzea agbagba le ameƒomea tete kpɔ me vevie. Ame geɖe va xɔ nukpɔsusu sia dzi se vevie le Titinaɣeyiɣiawo me. Satana gbɔe nusianu si meyi nyuie o la tso, abe dɔléle manyatalenu, ku kpata, alo agblemenukuwo ƒe gbegblẽ ene. Le ƒe 1233 M.Ŋ. me la, Papa Gregory IX wɔ se gbogbo aɖe ɖe aglãdzelawo ŋu, hekpe ɖe esi wòde ɖe Lucifertɔwo, siwo nye amesiwo wosusu be wonye Abosam subɔlawo la ŋu.

Eteƒe medidi o, dzixɔse si nye be Abosam alo eƒe gbɔgbɔ vɔ̃wo ate ŋu age ɖe ame me wɔe be wote amewo vɔvɔ̃—si nye vɔvɔ̃ na akunya alo adze wɔwɔ vevie. Tso ƒe alafa 13 lia va ɖo 17 lia me la, vɔvɔ̃ na adzetɔwo xɔ Europa katã heɖo Dziehe Amerika kple dutanyigba siwo dzi ɖum Europa nɔ dzi. Protestant Ðɔɖɔɖowɔla Martin Luther kple John Calvin gɔ̃ hã da asi ɖe adzetɔwo yometiti dzi. Le Europa la, wodrɔ̃ ʋɔnu amesiwo ŋu wose adzewɔwɔ ŋu aflui ko le la le Ŋutasẽʋɔnu kple dziɖuɖu ƒe ʋɔnudrɔ̃ƒewo. Wowɔa funyafunya amesiawo be woaʋu “nuvɔ̃” me.

Wote ŋu tsoa kufia na fɔɖilawo, hetɔa dzo wo, eye le England kple Scotland la, wohea wo ɖe ati ŋu. Le ame xexlẽme siwo wowu gome la, The World Book Encyclopedia gblɔ be: “Tso ƒe 1484 va ɖo 1782 la, ŋutinyaŋlɔla aɖewo gblɔ be Kristo sɔlemeha la wu nyɔnu siwo ade 300,000 le adzewɔwɔ ta.” Ne Satanae nɔ megbe na Titinaɣeyiɣiwo me dzigbãnya siawo la, amekawoe wòzã—emetsilawoe loo alo subɔsubɔ me zazɛ̃nyahela siwo ti wo yome lae?

 Dzixɔse alo Dzimaxɔse si Li Egbea

Le ƒe alafa 18 lia me la, nukpɔsusu yeye aɖe doɖeŋgɔlawo, si woyɔ be Numekɔkɔha, va xɔ aƒe ɖi vevie. Encyclopædia Britannica gblɔ be: “Numekɔkɔha la to eƒe nufiafiawo dzi dze agbagba be yeatutu nukpɔsusu si nye be abosam nye Titinaɣeyiɣi me tɔwo ƒe nyakpakpa la ɖa le Kristotɔwo ƒe susu me.” Roma Katolikoha la tso ɖe nya sia ŋu hegbugbɔ ɖo kpe Satana Abosam ŋuti dzixɔse si le esi la dzi le Vatican Aɖaŋuɖotakpekpe Gbãtɔ (ƒe 1869-70) me eye wògaɖo kpe esia dzi ɖewoɖewoe le Vatican Aɖaŋuɖotakpekpe Evelia (ƒe 1962-65) me.

Le agbalẽ dzi la, New Catholic Encyclopedia lɔ̃ ɖe edzi be “Sɔlemeha la xɔ mawudɔlawo kple gbɔgbɔ vɔ̃wo ƒe anyinɔnɔ dzi se.” Gake Théo, si nye Franseawo ƒe nyagɔmeɖegbalẽ si ɖe Katoliko dzixɔsewo me, lɔ̃ ɖe edzi be “Kristotɔ geɖe melɔ̃na egbea be yewoagblɔ be abosam gbɔe nuvɔ̃ɖiwɔwɔ siwo le xexeame la tso o.” Le ƒe siawo me la, Katoliko mawunyaŋununyalawo le nu wɔm ŋuɖɔɖotɔe le nya sia me hele agbagba dzem be yewoanɔ vedomesi le Katolikotɔwo ƒe nufiafia kple egbeŋkekeawo me tamesusuwo me. Encyclopædia Britannica gblɔ be: “Kristotɔwo ƒe nufiafia gbadzaa dzea agbagba be yeaɖee afia be nusi Biblia gblɔ ku ɖe Satana ŋu nadze abe ‘kpɔɖeŋunyagbɔgblɔ’ ko ene, be menye nu woabu nu ŋutɔŋutɔ o—ke boŋ be vɔ̃ɖinyenye si le xexeame ƒe abosam gbɔ tsotso nye nyakpakpa.” Le Protestanttɔwo ya gome la, numekugbalẽ ma ke gblɔ be: “Egbeŋkekea me Protestant nufiafia medina be yealɔ̃ ɖe alesi wòhiãe be woaxɔ abosam ƒe ame ŋutɔŋutɔnyenye dzi ase la dzi o.” Gake ɖe wòle be Kristotɔ vavãwo nabu nusi Biblia gblɔ ku ɖe Satana ŋu la abe “kpɔɖeŋunyagbɔgblɔ ko” enea?

Nusi Ŋɔŋlɔawo Fia

Amegbetɔwo ƒe xexemenunya kple mawuŋununya mena wokpɔ vɔ̃ɖinyenye dzɔtsoƒe ŋuti numeɖeɖe nyui aɖeke wu esi míekpɔna le Biblia me o. Nusi Ŋɔŋlɔawo gblɔ ku ɖe Satana ŋu hiã vevie hena afisi vɔ̃ɖinyenye kple amegbetɔwo ƒe fukpekpe dzɔ tso, kpakple nusitae ŋutasesẽ si gbɔ eme yi edzi le fievo dom ɖe edzi ƒe sia ƒe la gɔmesese.

Ame aɖewo abia be: ‘Ne Mawu nye Wɔla nyuitɔ kple lɔlɔ̃tɔ la, nukata wòawɔ gbɔgbɔmenuwɔwɔ vɔ̃ɖi abe Satana ene?’ Gɔmeɖose si Biblia na enye be Yehowa Mawu ƒe asinudɔwɔwɔwo katã de blibo eye be ena tiatiawɔblɔɖe eƒe nuwɔwɔ nyanuwo katã. (Mose V, 30:19; 32:4; Yosua 24:15; Fiawo I, 18:21) Eyata ɖe wowɔ gbɔgbɔmeme si va zu Satana la wòde blibo eye eya ŋutɔ tiae be yeatra tso nyateƒe kple dzɔdzɔenyenye  ƒe mɔ la gbɔ.—Yohanes 8:44; Yakobo 1:14, 15.

Satana ƒe aglãdzedzea sɔ kple “Tiro-fia,” amesi woɖɔ le hakpanyawo me be ‘eƒe nyonyo teƒe mekɔ o’ eye ‘dzuƒe menɔ eƒe zɔzɔme ŋu tso gbesigbe wowɔe, vaseɖe esime wokpɔ nu madzɔmadzɔ le eŋu’ la tɔ le mɔ geɖe nu. (Xezekiel 28:11-19) Satana metsi tre ɖe Yehowa ƒe ŋusẽkatãtɔ alo eƒe Wɔla nyenye ŋu o. Aleke wòate ŋu awɔ esiae esi wònye Mawue wɔ eyama? Gake Satana tɔ gbe alesi Yehowa le eƒe dziɖulanyenyea zãmee. Le Eden-bɔa me la, Satana na wòdze be Mawu nɔ nane si ƒe gome nye ame eve gbãtɔwo tɔ eye woƒe nyonyo nɔ te ɖe edzi la xɔm le wo si. (Mose I, 3:1-5) Ekpɔ dzidzedze le nana be Adam kple Xawa nadze aglã ɖe Yehowa ƒe dziɖulanyenye dzɔdzɔea ŋu me, si he nuvɔ̃ kple ku va woawo kple woƒe dzidzimeviwo dzi. (Mose I, 3:6-19; Romatɔwo 5:12) Eyata Biblia fia be Satana gbɔe amegbetɔwo ƒe fukpekpewo tso.

Ɣeaɖeɣi do ŋgɔ na Tsiɖɔɖɔa la, mawudɔla bubuwo wɔ ɖeka kple Satana le eƒe aglãdzedzea me. Wotrɔ ɖe amegbetɔ ŋutilãwo me va dɔ kple amegbetɔwo ƒe nyɔnuviwo tsɔ ɖi kɔ na woƒe gbɔdɔdɔ ƒe nudzodzrowoe. (Mose I, 6:1-4) Esi Tsiɖɔɖɔa va la, mawudɔla dzeaglã siawo trɔ yi gbɔgbɔmenutowo me gake menye ‘afisi wonɔ le gɔmedzedzea me’ le Mawu gbɔ le dziƒo o. (Yuda 6) Wobɔbɔ wo ɖe anyi de wo gbɔgbɔmeviviti tsiɖitsiɖi aɖe me. (Petro I, 3:19, 20; Petro II, 2:4) Wova zu gbɔgbɔ vɔ̃wo eye womegale subɔsubɔm le Yehowa ƒe dziɖulanyenye te o ke boŋ le Satana te. Togbɔ be edze abe gbɔgbɔ vɔ̃awo magate ŋu ado amegbetɔ ŋutilãwo ake ene o hã la, woagate ŋu akpɔ ŋusẽ gã ɖe amegbetɔwo ƒe susu kple agbe dzi, eye ɖikeke mele eme o be woawoe le megbe na ʋunyaʋunyawɔwɔ siwo teƒe kpɔm míele egbea la ƒe akpa gãtɔ.—Mateo 12:43-45; Luka 8:27-33.

Satana ƒe Dziɖuɖua ƒe Nuwuwu Tu Aƒe

Edze ƒã be gbɔgbɔ vɔ̃wo le dɔ dzi le xexeame egbea. Apostolo Yohanes ŋlɔ bena: “Xexeme blibo la katã le vɔ̃ɖitɔ la me.”—Yohanes I, 5:19.

Gake Biblia ƒe nyagblɔɖi siwo va eme ɖee fia be Abosam le anyigba la ƒe kuxiwo dzim ɖe edzi elabena enyae be ‘ɣeyiɣi vi aɖe koe’ kpɔtɔ na ye yeatsɔ atɔtɔ nuwoe hafi ayi aʋli me. (Nyaɖeɖefia 12:7-12; 20:1-3) Satana ƒe dziɖuɖua ƒe anyidzedze aʋu mɔ na xexeme yeye si me dzɔdzɔenyenye anɔ, afisi aɖatsi, ku, kple vevesese ‘maganɔ o,’ la ƒe vava. Ekema “woawɔ” Mawu ƒe “lɔlɔ̃nu le anyigba dzi, si gbe alesi wowɔna le dziƒo ene!”—Nyaɖeɖefia 21:1-4; Mateo 6:10.

[Nɔnɔmetata siwo le axa 4]

Babilontɔwo xɔ mawu ŋutasẽla Nergal (miame ɖaa) dzi se; Plato (miame) xɔ “Luʋɔ” eve siwo tsi tre ɖe wo nɔewo ŋu dzi se

[Afi Si Míexɔ Mɔɖeɖe Tso]

Cylinder: Musée du Louvre, Paris; Plato: National Archaeological Museum, Athens, Greece

[Nɔnɔmetata siwo le axa 5]

Irenaeus, Origen, kple Augustine fia nu be Abosam ye woxe tafea na

[Afi Si Míexɔ Mɔɖeɖe Tso]

Origen: Culver Pictures; Augustine: From the book Great Men and Famous Women

[Nɔnɔmetata si le axa 6]

Vɔvɔ̃ na adzetɔwoe na wowu ame akpe alafa geɖewo

[Afi Si Míexɔ Mɔɖeɖe Tso]

From the book Bildersaal deutscher Geschichte