Biblia Gɔmeɖeɖe ɖe Egbegbe Helagbe me ƒe Ʋiʋli Sesẽ La

Awɔ nuku na wò be nàse be le Greece (Hela), si nye dukɔ si woyɔna ɣeaɖewoɣi be Mɔɖeɖe Ðe Nukpɔsusuwo Ŋu ƒe Dzɔtsoƒe me la, Biblia gɔme ɖeɖe ɖe ame tsɛwo ƒe gbe me nye ɣeyiɣi didi aɖe ƒe ʋiʋli si teƒe mekɔ o. Gake amekae atsi tre ɖe Biblia gɔme ɖeɖe ɖe Helagbe si gɔme anya se bɔbɔe me ŋu? Nukatae ame aɖe adi be yeatsi enu?

AME aɖe abu be woyra Helagbedolawo ŋutɔ, le esi wònye wo degbe mee woŋlɔ Ŋɔŋlɔ Kɔkɔeawo ƒe akpa gã aɖe ɖo gbã ta. Gake egbegbe Helagbe to vovo kura tso Helagbe si me woɖe Hebri Ŋɔŋlɔawo ɖo le Septuagint gɔmeɖeɖea me kple esi me woɖe Kristotɔwo ƒe Hela Ŋɔŋlɔawo ɖo la gbɔ. Le nyateƒe me la, le ƒe alafa ade siwo va yi me la, Helagbedola akpa gãtɔ kpɔe be yewomese Helagbe si me woŋlɔ Biblia ɖo la gɔme o eye wòle abe dutagbe ene na wo. Nya yeyewo va xɔ ɖe nyagbe xoxowo teƒe, eye nyawo, gbea ŋuti se, kple nyagbɔgblɔmɔnuwo trɔ.

Ƒe alafa 3 lia va ɖo 16 lia me Helagbe me asinunuŋɔŋlɔwo ɖi ɖase le agbagba siwo wodze be woaɖe Septuagint la gɔme ɖe egbegbe Helagbe me ŋu. Le ƒe alafa etɔ̃lia me la, Gregory, si nye Neocaesarea ƒe bisiɔp (ƒe 213-270 M.Ŋ. lɔƒo), ɖe Nyagblɔla ƒe agbalẽa gɔme tso Septuagint la me ɖe Helagbe si bɔbɔ wu me. Le ƒe alafa 11 lia me la, Yudatɔ aɖe si ŋkɔe nye Tobias ben Eliezer si nɔ Macedonia ɖe Septuagint la me Mose ƒe Agbalẽ Atɔ̃awo ƒe akpa aɖewo gɔme ɖe alesi wodoa Helagbea ɣemaɣi la me. Ezã Hebri ŋɔŋlɔdzesiwo gɔ̃ hã le esia wɔwɔ me be wòaɖe vi na Macedonia Yudatɔ siwo doa Helagbe ko gake xlẽa Hebri nuŋɔŋlɔwo la. Wota Mose ƒe Agbalẽ Atɔ̃awo katã si woŋlɔ alea le Constantinople le ƒe 1547 me.

Kekeli aɖe Le Viviti Me

Esi Ottomantɔwo ɖu Byzantium Fiaɖuƒea ƒe nuto siwo me wodoa Helagbe le dzi le ƒe alafa 15 lia me la, ame akpa gãtɔ siwo nɔ afima la menya agbalẽ o. Togbɔ be mɔnukpɔkpɔ geɖe nɔ Orthodɔks Sɔlemehaa si le Ottoman Fiaɖuƒea me hã la, eŋe aɖaba ƒu eƒe alẽhaa dzi heɖe mɔ be wova zu ame tsɛ dahe siwo menya agbalẽ o. Greece nuŋlɔla Thomas Spelios gblɔ be: “Orthodɔks Sɔlemehaa kple eƒe hehenaɖoɖo ƒe taɖodzinu vevitɔe nye be yeakpɔ emenɔlawo ta tso Islam kple Roma Katolikoha la ƒe ameflunyawo me. Esia wɔe be Helagbea sɔsrɔ̃ va tsi akpo dzi le mɔ aɖe nu.” Le nɔnɔme madeamedzi ma me la, Biblia lɔ̃la ɖekaɖekawo se le wo ɖokui me be ehiã be woatsɔ Biblia ƒe agbalẽ si nye Psalmowo ana gbɔdzɔe kple akɔfafa amesiwo dzi nu te ɖo la. Tso ƒe 1543 va ɖo 1835 me la, Psalmo hamehame 18, si gɔme woɖe ɖe Helagbe si dom wonɔ me ye nɔ anyi.

Maximus Callipolites, si nye Greecetɔ Callipolis saɖagaxɔmenɔla, yee ɖe Kristotɔwo ƒe Hela Ŋɔŋlɔ bliboa gɔme ɖe Helagbea me gbã le ƒe 1630 me. Ewɔ esia le Cyril Lucaris, si nye Constantinople hakplɔla kple amesi  ava wɔ ɖɔɖɔɖowo le Orthodɔks Sɔlemehaa me ƒe mɔfiafia kple kpekpeɖeŋu me. Gake ame aɖewo tsi tre ɖe Lucaris ŋu le haa me, amesiwo meda asi ɖe ɖɔɖɔɖo aɖeke dzi alo lɔ̃ ɖe edzi be woaɖe Biblia gɔme ɖe gbe si dom wonɔ la me o. * Wode ka ve nɛ abe haa gbãla ene wòku. Ke hã, wota Maximus ƒe gɔmeɖeɖea siwo ade 1,500 le ƒe 1638 me. Le nuwɔwɔ ɖe gɔmeɖeɖe sia ŋu me la, Orthodɔks sɔlemeha ƒe aɖaŋudeha aɖe si le Jerusalem gblɔ le ƒe 34 megbe be “menye amesiame ƒomevie axlẽ” Ŋɔŋlɔawo “o, ke amesiwo le gbɔgbɔa ƒe nu goglowo me kum le numekuku siwo sɔ la wɔwɔ megbe la koe.” Esia fia be subɔsubɔhaŋgɔnɔla siwo nya agbalẽ la koe wòle be woaxlẽ Ŋɔŋlɔawo.

Le ƒe 1703 me la, Seraphim, si nye Greecetɔ saɖagaxɔmenɔla si tso Lesbos-ƒukpo dzi, dze agbagba be yeata Maximus ƒe gɔmeɖeɖea le London. Esi ga ƒe kpekpeɖeŋu si ƒe ŋugbe England dziɖuɖua do nɛ medze edzi o la, etsɔ eya ŋutɔ ƒe kotokumega tae. Le Seraphim ƒe ŋgɔdonya ʋãme me la, ete gbe ɖe alesi wòhiãe be “Kristotɔ mawuvɔ̃la ɖesiaɖe” naxlẽ Biblia lae dzi, hebu fɔ sɔlemeha la ŋgɔnɔla nɔƒegãnɔlawo be “wodi be yewoato mɔxexe na ameawo be woagaxlẽ Biblia o dzi atsɔ atsyɔ nu yewoƒe nugbegblẽwɔwɔwo dzi.” Abe alesi woakpɔ mɔe ene la, Orthodɔks tsitretsiɖeŋulawo na wolée le Russia heɖoe ɖe Siberia, afisi wòku ɖo le ƒe 1735 me.

Esime Greece-subɔsubɔhakplɔla aɖe nɔ nu ƒom tso gbɔgbɔmedɔ sesẽ si wu Helagbedolawo le ɣeyiɣi ma me ŋu la, egblɔ nya siwo gbɔna la tso Maximus ƒe gɔmeɖeɖe si wova ta emegbe ŋu be: “Greecetɔawo xɔ Biblia Kɔkɔe sia, kple bubuawo, kple lɔlɔ̃ kple didi vevie. Eye woxlẽe. Eye wose le wo ɖokui me be veve si sem yewole la nu fa, eye woƒe Mawu dzixɔxɔse me . . . gasẽ ɖe edzi.” Gake woƒe gbɔgbɔmeŋgɔnɔlawo vɔ̃ be ne amewo va se Biblia gɔme la, ekema woava klo nu le hakplɔlawo ƒe dzixɔse kple nuwɔna siwo mesɔ ɖe Ŋɔŋlɔawo nu o dzi. Le esia ta, Constantinople hakplɔla siwo nɔ anyi le ƒe 1823 eye emegbe le ƒe 1836 me de se be woatɔ dzo Biblia gɔmeɖeɖe siawo katã.

Gbegɔmeɖela Dzinɔameƒotɔ Aɖe

Esi tsitretsiɖeŋu sesẽ sia nɔ anyi eye wonɔ Biblia me sidzedze dim vevie la, ame vevi aɖe va do si wɔ akpa vevi aɖe le Biblia gɔmeɖeɖe ɖe Helagbe si dom wonɔ azɔ me la me. Dzinɔameƒotɔ siae nye Neofitos Vamvas, si nye gbegbɔgblɔŋutinunyala kple Biblia ŋuti nunyala xɔŋkɔ aɖe, si wobuna le afisiafi be enye “Dukɔa ƒe Nufialawo” dometɔ ɖeka.

Vamvas kpɔe dze sii ƒã be Orthodɔks Sɔlemeha lae wòle be woabu fɔe ɖe ameawo ƒe gbɔgbɔmenuwo manyamanya ta. Exɔe se vevie be hafi woate ŋu anyɔ ameawo le gbɔgbɔ me la, ehiã be woaɖe Biblia gɔme ɖe Helagbe si dom wonɔ ɣemaɣi la me. Le ƒe 1831 me la, agbalẽnyala bubuwo kpe ɖe eŋu wòte Biblia gɔmeɖeɖe ɖe Helagbe si wonya la me. Wota eƒe gɔmeɖeɖe bliboa le ƒe 1850 me. Esi Greece Orthodɔks Sɔlemehaa gbe be yemado alɔe o ta la, ewɔ ɖeka kple Britain kple Duta Biblia Habɔbɔ la le eƒe gɔmeɖeɖea tata kple emama me. Sɔlemeha la na ŋkɔe be “Tsitretsiɖeŋula,” eye eteƒe medidi o woɖee le ha me.

Vamvas ƒe gɔmeɖeɖea zɔ ɖe King James Version la nu tututu eye le Biblia kple gbegbɔgblɔ ŋuti nunyala siwo mede ha ɣemaɣi o ta la, vodada siwo le gɔmeɖeɖe ma me la ge ɖe esia me. Ke hã, eyae nye Biblia si te ɖe Helagbe si  wodona ɣemaɣi ŋu wu si le amewo si hena ƒe geɖe. Dzidzɔtɔe la, Mawu ƒe ŋkɔ ŋutɔ, si woŋlɔ be “Ieová” la dze le eme zi ene.—Mose I, 22:14; Mose II, 6:3; 17:15; Ʋɔnudrɔ̃lawo 6:24.

Aleke amewo ƒe nɔnɔme nɔ ɖe Biblia sia kple bubu siwo gɔmesese le bɔbɔe la ŋu? Edzɔ dzi na wo gbɔ eme! Le Greece-ƒukpoawo dometɔ ɖeka ƒe ƒuta la, “wolɔ ɖevi gbogbo aɖewo siwo le [Biblia] dim axɔ la ɖe tɔdziʋuwo me va kɔ ɖe” Britain kple Duta Biblia Habɔbɔa ƒe Biblia dzrala aɖe “dzi le tɔdziʋu aɖe me ale gbegbe be wòƒoe ɖe . . . tɔdziʋumemegã nu be wòaho ʋua ne yewoadzo” ne menye nenema o la, Biblia katã ava vɔ le teƒe ɖeka! Gake tsitretsiɖeŋulawo mede asi atame ko nɔ nu kpɔm dũ o.

Orthodɔks nunɔlawo de se na ameawo ku ɖe Biblia gɔmeɖeɖe mawo ŋu. Le kpɔɖeŋu me, le Athens-dugã me la, woxɔ Bibliawo le amewo si. Le ƒe 1833 me la, Orthodɔkstɔwo ƒe bisiɔp si le Crete tɔ dzo ‘Nubabla Yeye siwo’ ŋu wòke ɖo le saɖagaxɔ aɖe me. Nunɔla aɖe ɣla ɖeka, eye kɔƒe siwo le nutoa me tɔwo ɣla wo tɔwo vaseɖe esime nunɔlagã la dzo le ƒukpoa dzi.

Le ƒe aɖewo megbe la, Greece Orthodɔks Sɔlemeha ƒe Sɔlemeha ƒe Aɖaŋudeha Kɔkɔea de se ɖe Vamvas Biblia gɔmeɖeɖea nu le Corfu-ƒukpoa dzi. Wode se ɖe edzadzra nu, eye wogblẽ esiwo li la dome. Hakplɔlawo ƒe tsitretsiɖeŋu wɔe be wotɔ dzo Biblia le Chios, Síros, kple Mykonos ƒukpowo dzi. Gake asiɖoɖo Biblia gɔmeɖeɖe dzi si vloe wu esia gakpɔtɔ nɔ ŋgɔ.

Fianyɔnu aɖe Tsɔ Ðe Le Biblia Me

Le ƒe 1870-awo me la, Greece Fianyɔnu Olga kpɔe dze sii be Biblia ŋuti sidzedze boo aɖeke mele Greecetɔ geɖe si o. Esi wòxɔe se be Ŋɔŋlɔawo ŋuti sidzedze anye akɔfafa kple dzidzeme na dukɔa ta la, edi be woaɖe Biblia gɔme ɖe gbe si le bɔbɔe wu esi me Vamvas gɔmeɖeɖea le me.

Prokopios, si nye Athens ƒe bisiɔpgã kple Sɔlemeha ƒe Aɖaŋudeha Kɔkɔea ƒe tatɔ, de esia wɔwɔ ƒe dzi ƒo na fianyɔnua le adza me. Gake esi wòdoe ɖe Sɔlemeha ƒe Aɖaŋudeha Kɔkɔea gbɔ be woada asi ɖe edzi la, wogbe. Ke hã mena ta o, egabia ake le ƒe 1899 me eye wogbe zi evelia. Eŋe aɖaba ƒu woƒe gbegbea dzi hetso nya me be yeatsɔ yeƒe kotokumega ata ʋɛ si yeate ŋui. Wota esia le ƒe 1900 me.

Tsitretsiɖeŋula Siwo Menaa Ta Bɔbɔe O

Le ƒe 1901 me la, The Acropolis, si nye Athenstɔwo ƒe nyadzɔdzɔgbalẽ xɔŋkɔ aɖe, la ta Mateo ƒe Nyanyuia, si gɔme Alexander Pallis, si nye gbegɔmeɖela si nɔ dɔ wɔm le Liverpool, England, la ɖe ɖe Helagbe si amewo dona wu  ɣemaɣi la me. Edze ƒã be Pallis kple eƒe dɔwɔhatiwo ƒe taɖodzinu koŋue nye be ‘yewoafia nu Greecetɔawo’ eye “yewoakpe ɖe dukɔa ŋu ne wòafɔ” tso toyiyi me.

Orthodɔks mawuŋununya srɔ̃lawo kple woƒe nufialagãwo yɔ gɔmeɖeɖe sia be “fewuɖuɖu le dukɔa ƒe nu susɔe siwo xɔ asi wu la ŋu,” vlododo Nuŋɔŋlɔ Kɔkɔe la. Hakplɔla Joakim III si le Constantinople wɔ se aɖe si tsi tre ɖe gɔmeɖeɖea ŋu. Masɔmasɔ sia va trɔ zu dunyahehe, eye dunyahehabɔbɔ siwo tsi tre ɖe wo nɔewo ŋu to edzi wɔ nu fitifitiwo.

Athenstɔwo ƒe nyadzɔdzɔgbalẽa ƒe akpa si dzea amewo ŋu ŋutɔ la ƒo nu tsi tre ɖe Pallis ƒe gɔmeɖeɖea ŋu heyɔ edzidelawo be “mawudzimaxɔselawo,” “yomemɔfialawo,” kple “duta dziɖuɖu” siwo di be yewoagblẽ Greecetɔwo dome “ƒe dɔwɔlawo.” Tso November 5 va ɖo 8, 1901 me la, Greece Orthodɔks Sɔlemehaa ƒe kɔnu xoxowo me léɖeasila makpɔmegbewo dɔ sukuviwo wode zitɔtɔ Athens-dua me. Wodze The Acropolis ƒe dɔwɔƒewo dzi, lɔ gbɔ yi ɖe fiasãa gbɔ, xɔ Athens ƒe Yunivɛsiti la, hebia tso dziɖuɖua si be wòado le zia dzi. Le zitɔtɔa ƒe nuwuwu la, ame enyi ku le ŋgokpekpe kple asrafowo me. Le ŋufɔke la, fia la bia tso Bisiɔpgã Prokopios si be woaɖe asi le dɔ ŋu, eye le ŋkeke eve megbe la, Sɔlemehaa ƒe Aɖaŋuɖoha metɔwo katã ɖe asi le dɔ ŋu.

Le ɣleti ɖeka megbe la, sukuviawo galɔ gbɔ ake eye wotɔ dzo Pallis ƒe gɔmeɖeɖea ɖeka le gaglãgbe. Woŋlɔ woƒe tame si woɖo kplikpaa ɖe gɔmeɖeɖe sia ŋu la ɖo ɖa hebia be woahe to na amesiame si agate nusia wɔwɔ akpɔ le etsɔme. Esia va zu nusitae wotsri Biblia gɔmeɖeɖe ɖesiaɖe si le Helagbe si wodona ɣemaɣi me la zazã ɖo. Ɣeyiɣi vɔ̃e wònye nyateƒe!

‘Yehowa ƒe Nya Nɔa Anyi Ðaa’

Woɖe se si wode ɖe Biblia si gɔme woɖe ɖe egbegbe Helagbe me nu la ɖa le ƒe 1924 me. Tso ɣemaɣi la, Greece Orthodɔks Sɔlemehaa la do kpo nu keŋkeŋ le agbagbadzedze be yeaɣla Biblia ɖe amewo me. Ke fifia ya, Yehowa Ðasefowo xɔ ŋgɔ le Biblia fiafia amewo me le Greece, abe alesi wòle le dukɔ bubuwo mee ene. Tso ƒe 1905 me la, wozã Vamvas gɔmeɖeɖea tsɔ kpe ɖe Helagbedola akpe geɖe ŋu be Biblia me nyateƒea ƒe sidzedze su wo si.

Le ƒe siwo va yi me la, agbalẽnyala kple nufialagã geɖewo dze agbagba geɖe si dze na kafukafu be woata Biblia ɖe egbegbe Helagbe me. Egbea la, Biblia bliboa alo eƒe akpa aɖe ƒe gɔmeɖeɖe 30 kloe si Greecetɔ ɖesiaɖe ate ŋu axlẽe li. Esi nye adodoea le wo domee nye Helagbe me New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures, si woɖe ɖe go le ƒe 1997 me be wòaɖe vi na Helagbedola miliɔn 16 siwo le xexeame godoo la. Gɔmeɖeɖe sia si Yehowa Ðasefowo wɔ tso asinuŋɔŋlɔ gbãtɔa me la ɖe Mawu ƒe Nyaa me ɖe nuxexlẽ ƒe mɔ si le bɔbɔe eye gɔmesese le eŋu la nu.

Ʋiʋli be woaɖe Biblia gɔme ɖe egbegbe Helagbe me la ɖo kpe nyateƒenya vevi aɖe dzi. Eɖee fia wòdze ƒã be tsitretsiɖeŋu ka kee amegbetɔwo aɖe afia o ‘Yehowa ƒe nya anɔ anyi yi ɖe mavɔmavɔ me.’—Petro I, 1:25.

[Etenuŋɔŋlɔ]

[Nɔnɔmetata si le axa 27]

Cyril Lucaris ye na mɔfiafia le Kristotɔwo ƒe Hela Ŋɔŋlɔ bliboa gɔmeɖeɖe ɖe Helagbe me gbã le ƒe 1630 me

[Afi Si Míexɔ Mɔɖeɖe Tso]

Bib. Pub. Univ. de Genève

[Nɔnɔmetata siwo le axa 28]

Esiwo gɔme woɖe ɖe Helagbe si wodona me dometɔ aɖewo: Psalmo si wota le: (1) ƒe 1828 me, Ilarion ye tae, (2) ƒe 1832 me, Vamvas ye tae, (3) ƒe 1643 me, Julianus ye tae. “Nubabla Xoxo” si wota le: (4) ƒe 1840 me, Vamvas ye tae

Fianyɔnu Olga

[Afi Si Míexɔ Mɔɖeɖe Tso]

Bibles: National Library of Greece; Queen Olga: Culver Pictures

[Nɔnɔmetata Tsoƒe si le axa 26]

Papyrus: Reproduced by kind permission of the The Trustees of the Chester Beatty Library, Dublin

[Nɔnɔmetata Tsoƒe si le axa 29]

Papyrus: Reproduced by kind permission of the The Trustees of the Chester Beatty Library, Dublin