Alexander VI​—Papa si Rome Meŋlɔna Be O

“LE KATOLIKOTƆWO ƒe nukpɔsusu nu la, womate ŋu akpɔ nya aɖeke atsɔ abu fɔ Alexander VI wòade edeƒe o.” (Geschichte der Päpste seit dem Ausgang des Mittelalters [Papawo ƒe Ŋutinya tso Titinaɣeyiɣiawo ƒe Nuwuwu]) “Womate ŋu azi kpi ɖe alesi wònɔ agbee dzi le mɔ aɖeke nu o . . . Ele be míalɔ̃ ɖe edzi be papanyenye sia mede bubu Sɔlemeha la ŋu o. Togbɔ be Borgia ƒomea ŋɔlimetɔwo se ŋunyɔnu siawo tɔgbe kpɔ hã la, wobu woƒe nuvlowɔwɔa be enye ŋɔdzinu si gbɔ eme ŋutɔ eye wo me tsonuwo nu meyi kpɔ vaseɖe fifia o, ƒe alafa ene kple edzivɔwo enye esia.”—L’Église et la Renaissance (1449-1517) (Sɔlemeha la Kple Ðɔɖɔɖo La).

Nukatae Roma Katoliko Ha ƒe ŋutinyagbalẽ siwo ŋu wodea bubui la gblɔ nya sesẽ siawo le papa aɖe kple eƒe ƒomea ŋu? Nukae wowɔ si ta wòle be woaƒo nu le wo ŋu alea? Nuteƒekpɔkpɔ gbɔgblɔ ƒe wɔna aɖe si wowɔ le Rome (October 2002–February 2003), si woɖo tanya na be I Borgia—l’arte del potere (Borgia-awo—Woƒe Ŋusẽŋudɔwɔwɔ), na mɔnukpɔkpɔ amewo be woade ŋugble le ŋusẽŋudɔwɔwɔ ɖokuitɔdiditɔe si dze le papanyenye me, vevietɔ le alesi Rodrigo Borgia, alo Alexander VI (papa, ƒe 1492-1503), ƒe ƒometɔwo zã ŋusẽ si nɔ wo si la ŋu.

Alesi Wòwɔ Va Kpɔ Ŋusẽ

Wodzi Rodrigo Borgia le ƒe 1431 me ɖe ƒome xɔŋkɔ aɖe me le Játiva, le Aragon fiaɖuƒe, si le Spain fifia la, me. Nyruia, Alfonso de Borgia, si nye bisiɔp le Valencia, kpɔ nyruiayɔvia ƒe agbalẽsrɔ̃nyawo gbɔ eye wòkpɔ egbɔ be esime Rodrigo gakpɔtɔ nye ƒewuivi la, subɔsubɔ ƒe ɖoƒewo (subɔsubɔ ƒe ɖoƒe siwo ta wòxɔa fetu ɖo) nɔ esi. Esi Rodrigo xɔ ƒe 18 la, eʋu yi Italy le Alfonso, si zu papatenɔla azɔ la ƒe takpɔkpɔ te, afisi wòyi ɖasrɔ̃ senyanyadɔ le. Esi Alfonso va zu Papa Calixtus III la, eɖo Rodrigo kple nyruiayɔvi bubu papatenɔlawoe. Woɖo Pere Lluís Borgia mɔmefiae ɖe dugã vovovowo dzi. Eteƒe medidi o woɖo Rodrigo sɔlemeha la ƒe nutomedzikpɔla ƒe kpeɖeŋutɔ, si nye ɖoƒe aɖe si wònɔ le papa vovovowo te, si na wokpɔ viɖe gbogbo aɖe, li kɔ kesinɔnu xɔasiwo, kpɔ ŋusẽ gã, heɖu agbe abe fiavi ene.

Rodrigo nye amesi ƒe tagbɔ ɖa, amesi bi le nuƒoƒo me, amesi dea ga aɖaŋudɔwo me, eye wòte ŋu ɖoa eƒe taɖodzinuwo gbɔ. Gake enɔ agbegbegblẽ geɖe, woa kple srɔ̃a dzi vi ene, eye wòdzi geɖewo hã kple nyɔnu bubuwo. Togbɔ  be Papa Pius II ka mo nɛ ɖe alesi wòɖe mɔ le “ɖokuidzimaɖumaɖu” ƒe vivisese kple le “nudzodzro si nu mexe mɔ ɖo o” ta hã la, Rodrigo metrɔ eƒe nɔnɔme o.

Esi Papa Innocent VIII ku le ƒe 1492 me la, papatenɔla siwo le haa me kpe ta be woatia ame ɖe eteƒe. Ðikeke aɖeke mele eme o be Rodrigo Borgia zã nunana xɔasiwo kple numevivinyawo tsɔ na ehati papatenɔlawo da akɔ nɛ wòɖu dzi le kpekpe ma me va zu Papa Alexander VI. Nukae wòna papatenɔlawo ɖe akɔ si woda nɛ la ta? Ena subɔsubɔɖoƒewo, fiasãwo, mɔ̃wo, dugãwo, saɖagaxɔwo, kple bisiɔpnyenye siwo ŋu fetu gbogbowo kpe ɖo la wo. Esia ana nàse nusita sɔleme ŋutinyanyala aɖe yɔ Alexander VI ƒe dziɖuɣi be “ɣeyiɣi siwo me wowɔ nuvlowo kple ŋukpenanuwo le le Roma Sɔlemehaa me” la gɔme.

Esɔ Kple Xexeame ƒe Amegãwo

Le gbɔgbɔ me ƒe ŋusẽ si Alexander VI kpɔ abe sɔlemehaa ƒe ta ene ta la, ete ŋu kpɔ mama si nuto yeye siwo ŋu woke ɖo le Amerika-nyigbawo dzi la de Spain kple Portugal dome la gbɔ. Ɣeyiɣi kpui ƒe ŋusẽ si wòkpɔ la na wòzu du siwo dzi papa kpɔ ŋusẽ ɖo siwo ƒe nuto aɖewo le titina Italy la ƒe tatɔ, eye wòɖu eƒe fiaɖuƒea dzi abe alesi ko Ðɔɖɔɖoɣeyiɣi me fiagã bubuwo wɔe ene. Aleae zãnunana, ƒometɔwo dzidede, kple amewuwu aɖewo xɔ Alexander VI ƒe dziɖuɣi mee, abe alesi ko wònɔ le papa siwo nɔ anyi do ŋgɔ nɛ kple esiwo do megbe nɛ hã gome ene.

Ŋusẽtɔwo ʋli Italytɔwo ƒe nutoawo le ʋunyaʋunya wɔɣi siawo me, eye papa hã nɔ eme wòsẽ. Etrɔ asi le dunyahehe ƒe ayemɔwo kpakple nubabla, siwo wòwɔ hetu la ŋu be wòadzi eƒe ŋusẽ ɖe edzi, ado viawo ɖe ŋgɔ, ahado Borgia ƒomea ɖe dzi wu bubuawo katã. Woɖo viaŋutsu Juan, si ɖe Castile-fia ƒe nyruiyɔvi, Gandía fiagãe, le Spain. Jofré, si nye viaŋutsu bubu, ɖe Naples-fia ƒe mamayɔvi.

Esi papa la di be ƒomedodo sẽŋu nanɔ ye kpakple France dome ta la, egblẽ srɔ̃ɖeŋugbedodo si nɔ vianyɔnu Lucrezia, si xɔ ƒe 13, kple Aragontɔ xɔŋkɔ aɖe dome la me hetsɔe na Milantɔwo ƒe fiagã ƒe ƒometɔ aɖe boŋ wòɖe. Esi srɔ̃ɖeɖe ma megade wo dzi le dunyahehe me o ta la, woto mɔ fitifiti aɖe dzi gblẽ eme eye woɖe Lucrezia na fiaƒome bubu aɖe me tɔ, si nye Alfonso, tso Aragon. Le ɣeyiɣi mawo me la, Lucrezia nɔviŋutsu, Cesare Borgia, si nye nɔƒegãdila kple nublanuimakpɔla la, wɔ ɖeka kple Louis XII si le France, eye nɔvianyɔnua ƒe Aragontɔ la ɖeɖe va zu ŋukpenanu. Aleke wokpɔ egbɔe? Nyatakaka aɖe gblɔ be “ame ene aɖewo de abi” Alfonso, si nye srɔ̃ŋutsu si ta menyo na o la ŋu “le St. Peter ƒe gbedoxɔa ƒe trakpuiwo dzi wòde kuku ge kloe. Esi wònɔ hayahayam la, Cesare ƒe subɔviwo dometɔ ɖeka mia ve nɛ wòku.” Esi papa la nɔ didim be yeawɔ nubabla bubu siwo ade ye dzi la, ewɔ ɖoɖo ɖe Lucrezia, si xɔ ƒe 21 azɔ, ƒe srɔ̃ɖeɖe etɔ̃lia ŋu na Ferraratɔwo ƒe fiagã sẽŋu la ƒe viŋutsu.

Woɖɔ dɔ si Cesare wɔ be enye “ŋutinya gblẽku aɖe, si me wokɔ ʋu geɖe ɖi le.” Togbɔ be Cesare fofo ɖo eyama papatenɔla esime wòxɔ ƒe 17 hã la, aʋawɔwɔ sɔ nɛ wu sɔlemenuwɔnawo, le esi wòdra, dia nɔƒe gã, hevlo abe ame bubu aɖewo ke ene ta. Esi wòɖe asi le subɔsubɔha ƒe ɖoƒea ŋu la, eɖe France fiavinyɔnu aɖe, si wɔe be wòva zu fiagã le Valentinois. Emegbe, to Franse srafowo ƒe kpekpeɖeŋu me la, ete ɖoɖowɔwɔ ɖe amewo dzi dzedze kple dumegãwo wuwu ŋu be yeava zu Italy ƒe dziehe dziɖula.

 Be papa nate ŋu aka ɖe edzi be Franse srafowo ayi edzi akpe ɖe Cesare ŋu be wòaɖo eƒe taɖodzinua gbɔ la, elɔ̃ ɖe srɔ̃gbegbe manɔsenu aɖe si ade eyama dzi, si Louis XII si tso France bia la dzi, si ɖe mɔ nɛ be wòaɖe Anne si tso Brittany ahaxɔ eƒe fiaɖuƒea akpe ɖe etɔ ŋu. Ne woagblɔe tututu le numekugbalẽ aɖe ƒe nya nu la, papa la “tsɔ asixɔxɔ si le Sɔlemehaa ŋu kple egbɔkpɔkpɔ be wowɔ ɖe gɔmeɖosewo dzi la sa vɔe be ɣeyiɣi kpui aɖe ƒe viɖenuwo nasu eƒe ƒomea me tɔwo si.”

Tsitretsitsi Ðe Papa ƒe Nugbɔmewɔwɔ Ŋu

Borgia siawo ƒe nugbɔmewɔwɔ na amewo lé fu wo hetsi tre ɖe wo ŋu. Le akpa gãtɔ me la, papaa ɖea to ɖa le ɖeklemiɖelawo ƒe nyawo ŋu, gake wo dometɔ ɖeka si ŋu mete ŋu ɖe to ɖa le o enye Girolamo Savonarola. Enye Dominik-saɖaganunɔla, mawunyagblɔla si me dzo le, kple dunyaheha aɖe ƒe ŋgɔnɔla le Florence. Eƒo nu tsi tre ɖe nu gbegblẽ siwo papa ƒemetɔwo wɔna kpakple papaa ŋutɔ kple eƒe dunyahehe ŋu, hebia be woaɖee le zi dzi ahaɖɔ sɔlemehaa ɖo. Savonarola gblɔ amesiame se be: “Sɔlemehaŋgɔnɔlawo, . . . miedea miaƒe ahiãviwo gbɔ le zã me eye le ŋdi me la miegbɔna va miaƒe sakramentowo gbɔ.” Egblɔ emegbe be: “[Ŋgɔnɔla mawo] to gbolo ƒe mo, woƒe ŋkɔxɔxɔ la nye dzɔgbevɔ̃e na Sɔlemeha la. Mele gbɔgblɔm na mi be amesiawo mexɔ Kristotɔnyenye dzi se o.”

Esi papa di be yeatsi nya ɖe Savonarola nu ta la, etsɔ papatenɔlanyenye ƒe ɖoƒe nɛ, gake melɔ̃ xɔe o. Savonarola ƒe tsitretsitsi ɖe papa ƒe dunyahehe ŋue he eƒe gbegblẽ vɛ loo alo eƒe gbeƒãɖeɖea gbɔe wòɖatso o, wova ɖee le sɔlemehaa me mlɔeba, lée de mɔ, hewɔ funyafunyae be wòaʋu nuvɔ̃ me, eye wode ka ve nɛ ɖe ati ŋu hetɔ dzoe.

Biabia Veviwo

Ŋutinya me nudzɔdzɔ siawo fɔ biabia vevi aɖewo ɖe te. Aleke woate ŋu aɖe papa ƒe nufitifitiwɔwɔ kple eƒe agbenɔnɔ mee? Aleke ŋutinyaŋlɔlawo ɖe wo mee? Wogblɔ nya vovovowo.

Ame geɖe bui be ele be woatsɔ Alexander VI ŋɔlimetɔwo ƒe nukpɔsusu atsɔ akpɔe. Wogblɔ be alesi wòhe dunyae hewɔ ha dɔe anye be ɖe wòdi be yeana ŋutifafa nanɔ anyi, yeana dukɔ siwo sɔ ta kpli ye dome nanyo, ana xɔlɔ̃dzedze kple amesiwo aʋli papanyenye ƒe ɖoɖoa ta la me nasẽ ɖe dzi, ahana Kristodukɔa ƒe fiagãwo nawɔ ɖeka atsi tre ɖe Turkeytɔwo ƒe ŋɔdzidonamea ŋu.

Ke eƒe agbenɔnɔ ya ɖe? Agbalẽnyala aɖe gblɔ be: “Kristotɔ gbegblẽwo kple nunɔla siwo medze o la nɔ Sɔlemehaa me le ɣeyiɣiawo katãa me. Be esia nagawɔ moya na ame aɖeke o la, Kristo ŋutɔ gblɔe ɖi; etsɔ eƒe Sɔlemea gɔ̃ hã sɔ kple agble aɖe si me lu kple gbewo siaa mie ɖo, alo etsɔe sɔ kple ɖɔ aɖe si me tɔmelã nyuiwo kple manyomanyo siaa le, abe alesi ko wòɖe mɔ Yuda nɔ eƒe apostoloawo domee ene.” *

Agbalẽnyala ma ke yi edzi be: “Abe alesi ko nusi me wokɔ kpe xɔasi aɖe ɖo atɔ ŋkui gake meɖea eƒe asixɔxɔ dzi kpɔtɔnae o ene la, nenema ke nunɔla la ƒe nuvɔ̃menyenye le nyateƒe me mate ŋu ana woabu nazã . . . ɖe nusi wòfiana la ŋu o. . . . Sika koe sika aganye, eɖanye asi si dza alo esi medza o mee wòto o.” Katoliko ŋutinyaŋlɔla aɖe xlɔ̃ nu be dzidzenu si dzi  wòle be Katolikotɔwo nazɔ ɖo le nuwɔwɔ kple Alexander VI hafi enye nuxlɔ̃ame si Yesu na eƒe nusrɔ̃lawo ku ɖe agbalẽfialawo kple Farisitɔwo ŋu be: ‘Miwɔ nya si wogblɔ na mi, gake migawɔ woƒe nuwɔnawo o.’ (Mateo 23:2, 3) Gake le nyateƒe me la, ɖe nuŋububu alea dze ŋuwòa?

Kristotɔnyenye Vavã Enye Esia?

Yesu gblẽ mɔfiame bɔbɔe aɖe ɖi be woatsɔ ado amesiwo yɔa wo ɖokui be Kristotɔwo la akpɔe: “Mitsɔ woƒe tsetsewo dze si wo. Ðe wogbea weinkpo le aŋɔkawo dzi loo, alo wogbea gbowo le srẽwo dzi mahã? Nenema ke ati nyui sia ati nyui tsea ku nyui; eye ati manyomanyo tsea ku manyomanyo. Ati nyui mate ŋu atse ku manyomanyo o, eye ati manyomanyo hã mate ŋu atse ku nyui o. Eyaŋuti mitsɔ woƒe tsetseawo dze si woe!”—Mateo 7:16-18, 20.

Ne míabia gbadzaa la, aleke subɔsubɔhakplɔla siwo nɔ anyi le ƒe alafa siwo va yi me la ɖo nudidi sia gbɔe, eye aleke wole Kristotɔnyenye vavã ƒe kpɔɖeŋu si Yesu ɖo anyi eye eyomedzela vavãwo wɔ eƒe kpɔɖeŋu ɖi la gbɔ ɖomee fifia? Mina míabu akpa eve ko—gomekpɔkpɔ le dunyahehe me kple amea ƒe agbenɔnɔ—ŋu kpɔ.

Yesu menye xexeame fia o. Enɔ agbe si le bɔbɔe ale gbegbe be eya ŋutɔ gblɔ be teƒe aɖeke menɔ ye si ‘yeatsɔ ta aziɔ ɖo o.’ Eƒe Fiaɖuƒe “metso xexe sia me o,” eye eƒe nusrɔ̃lawo ‘menye xexeame ƒe akpa aɖeke o, abe alesi eya hã menye xexeame ƒe akpa aɖeke o ene.’ Eyata Yesu gbe be yemaƒo ye ɖokui ɖe dunyahehe nuwɔna siwo nɔ anyi le eŋɔlime la me o.—Mateo 8:20; Yohanes 6:15; 17:16; 18:36.

Gake ɖe menye nyateƒe be ƒe alafa geɖewoe nye sia si wòzu numame na subɔsubɔhawo be woawɔ ɖeka kple dunyahehe dziɖulawo be woakpɔ ŋusẽ kple ŋutilãmeviɖewo, togbɔ be esia he fukpekpe va ame tsɛwo dzi hã oa? Ðe menye nyateƒe hã be woƒe ŋgɔnɔlawo dometɔ geɖe ɖua agbe, togbɔ be ame gbogbo siwo wòle be woasubɔ la nyea hiãtɔwo hã oa?

Yesu dadavi Yakobo gblɔ be: “Mi ahasiwɔlawo, mienya bena, xexeame ƒe xɔlɔ̃dzedze enye ketɔnyenye na Mawu oa? Eyaŋuti amesi dina be, yeanye xexeame ƒe xɔlɔ̃ la, etsɔ eɖokui wɔ Mawu ƒe ketɔ.” (Yakobo 4:4) Nukatae wonye “Mawu ƒe ketɔ”? Yohanes I, 5:19 gblɔ be: “Xexeme blibo la katã le vɔ̃ɖitɔ la me.”

Ŋutinyaŋlɔla aɖe si nɔ anyi le Borgia ŋɔli ŋlɔ le Alexander VI ƒe agbenɔnɔ ŋu bena: “Eƒe agbenɔnɔ gbɔ eme. Menya nusi nye ŋukpe loo alo nuteƒewɔwɔ, xɔse loo alo mawusubɔsubɔ o. Ŋukeklẽ, nɔƒegãdidi si gbɔ eme, ŋutasesẽ si ɖeke mesɔ kplii o, kple didi vevie be yeado via gbogboawo ɖe ŋgɔ yɔ eyama me fũ.” Nyateƒee, menye Borgia koe nye subɔsubɔhaŋgɔnɔla si wɔ nu alea o.

Nukae Ŋɔŋlɔawo gblɔ ku ɖe agbenɔnɔ sia ƒomevi ŋu? Apostolo Paulo bia be: “Mienyae bena, ame madzɔmadzɔwo manyi mawufiaɖuƒe la ƒe dome oa? Migana woable mi o: Ahasiwɔlawo kple . . . matrewɔlawo kple . . . ŋubiãlawo . . . la womanyi mawufiaɖuƒe la ƒe dome o.”—Korintotɔwo I, 6:9, 10.

Susu siwo wogblɔ be woawo tae wowɔ nuteƒekpɔkpɔ gbɔgblɔ ƒe wɔna sia le Rome le Borgia siawo ŋu dometɔ ɖekae nye be “woabu ame xɔŋkɔ siawo le wo ŋɔlimetɔwo ƒe nukpɔsusu nu . . . , be woase nu gɔme nawo gake menye be woaɖe fɔɖiɖi le wo dzi loo alo abu fɔ wo o.” Le nyateƒe me la, wogblẽe ɖe vavalawo si be woatso nya me na wo ɖokui. Eyata nyametsotso kae nèwɔ?

[Etenuŋɔŋlɔwo]

[Nɔnɔmetata si le axa 26]

Rodrigo Borgia, Papa Alexander VI

[Nɔnɔmetata si le axa 27]

Lucrezia Borgia fofo zã vianyɔnuvia tsɔ dzi eƒe ŋusẽkpɔkpɔ ɖe edzi

[Nɔnɔmetata si le axa 28]

Cesare Borgia nye nɔƒegãdila eye wòvloe

[Nɔnɔmetata si le axa 29]

Esi womete ŋu tsi nya ɖe Girolamo Savonarola nu o ta la, wode ka ve nɛ ɖe ati ŋu hetɔ dzoe