Ame Tsɛwo Ðe Biblia Gɔme

LE ƑE 1835 me la, Eŋlisitɔ gliɖola, Henry Nott, kple John Davies, tso Wales, si nɔ nukpotoekpotoe dzadzra ƒe hehe xɔm, wu woƒe dɔ nyadri aɖe nu. Le kutrikuku ƒe 30 kple edzivɔwo megbe la, wowu Biblia bliboa gɔmeɖeɖe ɖe Tahitigbe me nu mlɔeba. Kuxi kawoe ame tsɛ eve siawo do goe, eye nukawoe do go tso woƒe dɔmenyodɔa me?

“Ŋkuʋuʋu Gã La”

Le ƒe alafa 18 lia ƒe afã susɔea me la, Protestant habɔbɔ me tɔ aɖewo siwo woyɔna be Ŋkuʋuʋu Gã la, alo kpuie ko be Ŋkuʋuʋu, nɔ gbeƒã ɖem le kɔƒewo ƒe gbadzaƒewo kple afisiwo te ɖe tomenukuƒewo kpakple adzɔnuwɔƒewo ŋu le Britain. Woƒe tameɖoɖoe nye be yewoaɖo dɔwɔlawo gbɔ. Ŋkuʋuʋu gbeƒãɖelawo dea Biblia mama ƒe dzi ƒo dzonɔamemetɔe.

Baptisttɔ William Carey, amesiwo ɖo habɔbɔ sia anyi, hã nɔ eme woɖo London Mawunyadɔgbedelawo ƒe Habɔbɔ (London Missionary Society [LMS]) anyi le ƒe 1795 me. LMS la na hehe amesiwo lɔ̃ faa be yewoasrɔ̃ gbe bubuwo eye yewoasubɔ abe mawunyadɔgbedelawo ene le Anyiehe Pasifik nutowo me. Mawunyadɔgbedela siawo ƒe taɖodzinue nye be yewoaɖe gbeƒã Nyanyuia le afimatɔwo degbe me.

Tahiti-ƒukpo si ŋu woke ɖo do ŋgɔ kpuie la va zu LMS mawunyadɔgbedelawo ƒe anyigbamama gbãtɔ. Le Ŋkuʋuʋutɔawo ƒe nukpɔsusu nu la, ƒukpoawo nye trɔ̃subɔsubɔ ƒe ‘anyigba doviviti aɖe,’ si ƒe nukuwo ƒu hena ŋeŋe.

Ame Tsɛwo Kpe Akɔ Kple Dɔ Gã La

Be woayi aɖaŋe nukuawo la, wona mawunyadɔgbedela siwo ade 30, siwo wotia dzitsitsitɔe, siwo womena hehe nyuie o la ɖo tɔdziʋu aɖe si LMS ƒle si woyɔ be Duff. Nyatakaka aɖe yɔ “nunɔla ene siwo woɖo [siwo mede nunɔla ƒe suku o], atikpala ade, afɔkpatɔla eve, gliɖola eve, nuwo lɔ̃la eve, nutɔla eve, fiasedzikpɔla ɖeka, sɔŋutinuwo dzrala ɖeka, subɔvi ɖeka, abɔdzikpɔla ɖeka, atikewɔla ɖeka, gbede ɖeka, atizɔtrela ɖeka, ɖetitrela ɖeka, kukutɔla ɖeka, avɔlɔ̃la ɖeka, xɔmenuwo kpala ɖeka, srɔ̃nyɔnu atɔ̃, kple ɖevi etɔ̃.”

Dɔwɔnu siwo le mawunyadɔgbedela siawo si woazã be woate ŋu ase gbe si me woŋlɔ Biblia  ɖo gbã gɔme koe nye Hela kple Eŋlisi gbe me nyagɔmeɖegbalẽ aɖe kpakple Biblia aɖe si me Hebrigbe me nyagɔmeɖegbalẽ aɖe le. Le ɣleti adre siwo mawunyadɔgbedelawo tsɔ nɔ ƒua dzi me la, wolé Tahitigbe me nya ʋɛ siwo amesiwo de afima do ŋgɔ la ŋlɔ, siwo nye esiwo koŋ Bounty-tɔdziʋu me dɔwɔla aglãdzelawo ŋlɔ ɖi la, ɖe tame. Mlɔeba la, Duff la va ɖo Tahiti, eye le March 7, 1797 dzi la, mawunyadɔgbedelawo ɖi go. Gake le ƒe ɖeka megbe la, dzi ɖe le wo dometɔ akpa gãtɔ ƒo eye wotrɔ dzo. Mawunyadɔgbedela adre koe susɔ.

Ƒe 23 koe Henry Nott, si nye gliɖola tsã si le ame adre siawo dome la xɔ. Eƒe lɛta gbãtɔ si wòŋlɔ la fia be gɔmedzesuku koe wòde. Ke hã tso gɔmedzedzea me la eɖee fia be Tahitigbe sɔsrɔ̃ ƒe nunana le ye si. Wogblɔ le eŋu be enye anukwaretɔ, eye wòfa tu eye eƒe nu dzea ame ŋu.

Le ƒe 1801 me la, wotia Nott be wòafia Tahitigbe mawunyadɔgbedela asieke siwo va dukɔa me yeyee. Amesiawo dometɔ ɖekae nye Walestɔ John Davies, si xɔ ƒe 28, amesi nye sukuvi dovevienu kple amesi léa fɔ ɖe dɔ ŋu eye wònye ame fatu kple dɔmenyotɔ. Mexɔ ɣeyiɣi aɖeke hafi ŋutsu eve siawo ɖoe be yewoaɖe Biblia gɔme ɖe Tahitigbe me o.

Dɔ Sesẽ Aɖe

Gake gbegɔmeɖeɖe ɖe Tahitigbe me va nye dɔ sesẽ aɖe, elabena Tahitigbe mekpɔ nye gbe si woŋlɔna o. Toléle ɖe nya ŋu ɖeɖe me koe mawunyadɔgbedelawo ato asrɔ̃e. Nyagɔmeɖegbalẽ alo gbeŋutisegbalẽ aɖeke menɔ wo si o. Gbea si nana wonɔa gbɔgbɔm kabakaba eye edzi nɔa tsotsom kpokpokpo ɖe ve me na ame, tsɔ kpe ɖe eƒe ablɔɖegbeɖiɖi siwo tre ɖe enu (abe atɔ̃ sɔŋ le nya ɖeka me ene), si me xaxagbeɖiɖi mebɔ ɖo o la na dzi ɖe le mawunyadɔgbedelawo ƒo ŋutɔ. Wofa konyi be: “Ablɔɖegbeɖiɖiwo koe le nyayɔyɔ geɖe me eye ele be ɖesiaɖe naɖi. Woʋu eme be, yewomete ŋu sea nyawo yɔyɔ nyuie alesi dze o.” Ewɔ na wo gɔ̃ hã be yewose gbeɖiɖi aɖewo siwo meli hafi o!

Nusi gana wògasesẽna na wo enye be ɣeaɖewoɣi la, wodea se ɖe nyagbe aɖewo zazã nu, hetsria wo, le Tahitigbea me eye wòle be woadi bubu aɖo eteƒe. Nya siwo ŋu gɔmesese ɖeka tɔgbe le hã hea kuxi bubuwo vɛ. Wote ŋu zãa nya vovovo 70 na “gbedodoɖa” le Tahitigbea me. Tahitigbe ƒe nyafɔkpeŋutise si to vovovo kura tso Eŋlisigbe tɔ gbɔ la hã nye kuxi bubu. Togbɔ be kuxi siawo nɔ anyi hã la, mawunyadɔgbedelawo ƒo nyawo nu ƒu vivivi eye Davies va ta wo mlɔeba le ƒe 50 megbe wòzu nyagɔmeɖegbalẽ si me nya 10,000 le.

Emegbe Tahitigbea ŋɔŋlɔ ŋutɔ hã nye kuxi li. Mawunyadɔgbedelawo dze agbagba be yewoazã Eŋlisi ŋɔŋlɔdzesiawo atsɔ aŋlɔe. Ke hã Latin ŋɔŋlɔdzesi siwo wotsɔ ŋlɔa Eŋlisigbe la mesɔ ɖe Tahititɔwo ƒe gbeɖiɖiawo nu o. Esia na be mawunyadɔgbedelawo dzro nya me yi ŋgɔ ŋutɔ ku ɖe alesi woayɔ nyawo kple alesi woaŋlɔ woe ŋu me. Zi geɖe la, mawunyadɔgbedelawo toa nuŋɔŋlɔmɔnu yeyewo vɛ, elabena woawoe nye ame gbãtɔ siwo ŋlɔ gbea ɖe agbalẽ me le Anyiehe Ƒuawo dzinɔlawo dome. Womenya kura be yewoƒe agbagbadzedze ava zu nusi dzi woakpɔ aŋlɔ Anyiehe Pasifik gbegbɔgblɔ geɖe emegbe o.

Dɔwɔnu Boo Menɔ Wo Si O Gake Wodze Aɖaŋu Ŋutɔ

Numekugbalẽ ʋɛ aɖewo koe nɔ gbegɔmeɖelawo si be woazã. LMS la fia wo be woazã Textus Receptus kple King James Version woanye mawunyakpukpui siwo dzi woakpɔ aŋlɔ. Nott bia tso LMS la si be woaɖo Hebri kple Hela gbe me nyagɔmeɖegbalẽ bubuwo kple gbegbɔgblɔ eveawo me Biblia bubuwo ɖe yewo. Womenya ne agbalẽ mawo ka esi o. Davies ya kpɔ agbalẽ aɖewo xɔ tso exɔlɔ̃ agbalẽnyala siwo nye Walestɔwo gbɔ. Nuŋlɔɖiwo fia be Hela nyagɔmeɖegbalẽ, Hebrigbe me Biblia, Helagbe me Nubabla Yeye, kple Septuagint ya teti nɔ esi.

Le ɣemaɣiwo me la, mawunyadɔgbedelawo ƒe dɔwo menɔ ku aɖeke tsem o. Togbɔ be  ƒe 12 va yi tso esime mawunyadɔgbedelawo va Tahiti hã la, womede mawutsi ta na afimatɔ ɖeka pɛ hã o. Mlɔeba la, dukɔmeviʋa si mekena o ƒoe ɖe mawunyadɔgbedelawo katã nu be woasi ayi Australia, negbe Nott, si ɖoe kplikpaa be yeanɔ anyi la koe kpɔtɔ. Eya ɖeka koe nye mawunyadɔgbedela si susɔ ɖe Society Islands dometɔ si nye Windward Islands la dzi hena ɣeyiɣi aɖe, gake eva hiã be wòakplɔ Fia Pomare II ɖo asi ayi Moorea-ƒukpo si tsɔ afima gbɔ la dzi.

Ke hã Nott ƒe ʋuʋu mena wòdzudzɔ gbegɔmeɖeɖedɔ si wɔm wònɔ la o, eye esi Davies nɔ Australia ƒe eve megbe la egbugbɔ wɔ ɖeka kple Nott. Le ɣeyiɣi mawo me la, Nott nɔ Hela kple Hebri gbe srɔ̃m vevie eye wòva nya gbeawo nyuie. Esia na wòdze Hebri Ŋɔŋlɔawo ƒe akpa aɖewo gɔmeɖeɖe ɖe Tahitigbe me gɔme. Etia Biblia ƒe akpa siwo me ŋutinya siwo gɔme afimatɔwo ate ŋu ase bɔbɔe.

Nott va te Luka ƒe Nyanyuia gɔmeɖeɖe le woa kple Davies ƒe dɔwɔwɔ kplikplikpli me, eye wòwu enu le September 1814 me. Eɖea gbea gɔme wòsɔna ɖe Tahitigbe me eye Davies hã tsɔnɛ sɔna kple gbegbɔgblɔ gbãtɔ si me woɖee tsoe. Le ƒe 1817 me la, Fia Pomare II bia be woana ye ŋutɔ yeata Luka ƒe Nyanyuia ƒe axa gbãtɔ. Ewɔ esia le agbalẽtamɔ̃ sue aɖe si wotrona kple asi si mawunyadɔgbedelawo tsɔ va Moorea dzi. Tahitigbe me Biblia gɔmeɖeɖe ƒe ŋutinya la made blibo ne womeyɔ Tahititɔ wɔnuteƒe si ŋkɔe nye Tuahine o, eyae nɔ mawunyadɔgbedelaawo ŋu le ƒeawo katã me eye wòkpe ɖe wo ŋu wose gbea ƒe akpa veviwo gɔme.

Wowu Gbegɔmeɖeɖea Nu

Le ƒe 1819 me, si nye ƒe ade ƒe kutrikuku megbe la, wowu Nyanyuiawo, Apostoloawo ƒe Dɔwɔwɔwo, kple Psalmowo ƒe agbalẽa gɔmeɖeɖe nu. Agbalẽtamɔ̃ si mawunyadɔgbedela siwo va yeyee tsɔ ɖe asi la, na be wote ŋu ta Biblia gbalẽ siawo hema wo bɔbɔe.

Emegbe wova nɔ vevie dom gbegɔmeɖeɖea, exexlẽ to eme kple asitɔtrɔ le esi wowɔ xoxo la ŋu. Nott va dze dɔ le ƒe 1825 me le Tahiti nɔnɔ ƒe 28 megbe, eye LMS la ɖe mɔ nɛ be wòatrɔ ayi England. Dzidzɔtɔe la, nu vi aɖe koe kpɔtɔ woawu Hela Ŋɔŋlɔawo nu ɣemaɣi. Eyi Biblia ƒe akpa mamlɛawo gɔmeɖeɖe dzi esime wònɔ mɔa dzi yina England kpakple le eƒe afima nɔnɔ me. Nott trɔ yi Tahiti le ƒe 1827 me. Le ƒe enyi megbe, si nye December 1835 me la, ewu gbea gɔmeɖeɖe nu mlɔeba. Le ƒe 30 kple edzivɔ megbe la, wowu Biblia bliboa gɔmeɖeɖe nu.

Le ƒe 1836 me la, Nott trɔ yi England be yeana woata Tahitigbe me Biblia bliboa le  London. Le June 8, 1838, dzi la, Nott amesi me dzidzɔ yɔ fũ la tsɔ Biblia gɔmeɖeɖe gbãtɔ si le Tahitigbe me la de asi na Fianyɔnu Victoria. Eme kɔ ƒã be dzidzɔɣi gã aɖee esia nye na amesia si nye gliɖola tsã si ɖo tɔdziʋu si ŋkɔe nye Duff le ƒe 40 siwo va yi me, eye wòva ƒo eɖokui ɖe Tahititɔwo ƒe agbenɔnɔ me ale be wòte ŋu wu dɔ gã sia, si xɔ eƒe agbe me ɣeyiɣiwo katã la nu.

Ɣleti eve megbe la, Nott trɔ yi Anyiehe Pasifik kple aɖaka 27 si me Tahiti Biblia bliboa ƒe tata 3,000 nɔ. Esi wòtɔ ɖe Sydney megbe la, egadze dɔ ake gake medi be naneke naklã ye kpakple aɖaka xɔasiawo dome o. Esi wòhaya vɔ megbe la, eva ɖo Tahiti le ƒe 1840 me, afisi amehawo ƒo zi ɖe agba si wòtsɔ vɛ la dzi, be yewoaxɔ Tahitigbe me Biblia ƒe ɖe. Nott ku le Tahiti le May 1844 me esime woxɔ ƒe 70.

Eƒe Viɖe Gãtɔ Kekeake

Gake dɔ si Nott wɔ ya gakpɔtɔ li. Eƒe gbegɔmeɖeɖe ɖe vi ŋutɔ le Polynesiatɔwo ƒe gbegbɔgblɔwo me. Alesi mawunyadɔgbedelawo ŋlɔ Tahitigbea da ɖi la na wòle dedie. Agbalẽŋlɔla aɖe ŋlɔ be: “Nott kpɔ Tahititɔwo ƒe gbeŋutise akuakua ta. Ahiã ɣesiaɣi be woatrɔ ɖe Biblia la ŋu be woasrɔ̃ Tahitigbe akuakua.” Gbegɔmeɖela siawo ƒe veviedodonu wɔe be nya akpe geɖe mebu yakatsyɔ o. Ƒe alafa ɖeka megbe la, agbalẽŋlɔla aɖe gblɔ be: “Nott ƒe Tahiti Biblia ɖedzesi la nye aɖaŋudɔ vevi aɖe si le Tahitigbe me—amesiame lɔ̃na ɖe edzi.”

Menye Tahititɔwo ɖeɖee dɔ vevi sia ɖe vi na o, ke boŋ enye nusi dzi wonɔ te ɖo ɖo Anyiehe Pasifik gbegbɔgblɔ bubuwo ƒe gbegɔmeɖeɖe anyi. Le kpɔɖeŋu me, gbegɔmeɖela siwo nɔ Cook Islands kple Samoa kpɔa edzi tsɔ ɖe nu me. Gbegɔmeɖela aɖe gblɔ be: “Aƒetɔ Nott, amesi ƒe gɔmeɖeɖea me medzro tsitotsito, ƒe afɔɖoƒewo yomee medze koŋ.” Woka nya ta be ‘Hebrigbe kpakple eƒe Eŋlisigbe kple Tahitigbe me Psalmowo’ nɔ gbegɔmeɖela bubu aɖe si esime wònɔ ‘Dawid ƒe hawo dometɔ ɖeka me ɖem ɖe Samoagbe me.’

Mawunyadɔgbedela siwo nɔ Tahiti to Ŋkuʋuʋutɔ siwo nɔ England ƒe afɔtoƒe hedo agbalẽsɔsrɔ̃ ɖe ŋgɔ dzonɔamemetɔe. Le nyateƒe me la, Biblia koe nye agbalẽ si nɔ Tahititɔwo si ƒe alafa ɖeka kple edzivɔ. Esia na wòva zu nu vevi aɖe le Tahititɔwo ƒe agbenɔnɔ me.

Mawu ƒe ŋkɔ si dze le Nott Version me le Hebri kple Hela Ŋɔŋlɔawo me zi geɖe la nye eƒe akpa veviawo dometɔ ɖeka. Esia na be wonya Yehowa ƒe ŋkɔ nyuie le Tahiti kple eƒe ƒukpowo dzi. Edze le Protestanttɔwo ƒe sɔlemexɔ aɖewo gɔ̃ hã ŋu. Ke hã, Yehowa Ðasefowo kple alesi wodoa vevie gbeƒãɖeɖedɔ, si me wozãa Tahitigbe me Biblia si gɔme Nott kple ehatiwo ɖe le la, ŋu koŋue wonya Mawu ƒe ŋkɔa ɖo egbea. Eye agbagba vevi siwo gbegɔmeɖelawo abe Henry Nott dze ene na míekpɔ alesi gbegbe wòle be míada akpee be Mawu ƒe Nya te ŋu ɖo ameƒomea me tɔ akpa gãtɔ gbɔ egbea.

[Captions on page 26]

Biblia gɔmeɖeɖe gbãtɔ si le Tahitigbe me, ƒe 1815. Yehowa ƒe ŋkɔ dze le eme

Henry Nott (ƒe 1774-1844), amesi koŋ ɖe Tahitigbe me Biblia gɔme

[Nɔnɔmetata Tsoƒe si le axa 26]

Tahitigbe me Biblia: Copyright the British Library (3070.a.32); Henry Nott kple lɛta: Collection du Musée de Tahiti et de ses Îles, Punaauia, Tahiti; katekismo: With permission of the London Missionary Society Papers, Alexander Turnbull Library, Wellington, New Zealandy

[Nɔnɔmetata si le axa 28]

Ƒe 1801 Tahitigbe kple Walesgbe me katekismo, si me Mawu ƒe ŋkɔ dze le

[Nɔnɔmetata Tsoƒe si le axa 28]

With permission of the London Missionary Society Papers, Alexander Turnbull Library, Wellington, New Zealand

[Nɔnɔmetata si le axa 29]

Protestanttɔwo ƒe sɔlemexɔ si ŋgɔ Yehowa ƒe ŋkɔ dze le, le Huahine-ƒukpo dzi, French Polynesia

[Nɔnɔmetata Tsoƒe si le axa 29]

Avec la permission du Pasteur Teoroi Firipa