Martin Luther Amea Ŋutɔ Kple Nusi Wògblẽ Ði

“WOGBLƆ be woŋlɔ agbalẽ geɖe le [Martin Luther] ŋu wu ame bubu ɖesiaɖe le ŋutinya me, negbe eya ŋutɔ ƒe aƒetɔ Yesu Kristo ko.” Nya siawoe nyadzɔdzɔgbalẽ si nye Time magazine gblɔ. Luther ƒe nyagbɔgblɔ kple nuwɔnawo wɔ akpa vevi aɖe le Subɔsubɔhawo ƒe Ðɔɖɔɖo la hehe vɛ me—si nye subɔsubɔha ƒe ɖoɖo si ŋu wogblɔ le be enye “tɔtrɔ si ɖe dzesi wu ɖesiaɖe le ameƒomea ƒe ŋutinya me.” Eyata ena nuwo trɔ le subɔsubɔnyawo me kura le Europa eye wòhe ɣeyiɣi si woyɔna be Titinaɣeyiɣiwo va nuwuwui le anyigbagã ma dzi. Luther ƒe nuŋɔŋlɔwo hãe wotsɔ ɖo dzidzenui na Germanygbea ŋɔŋlɔ. Ðikekemanɔmee la, eƒe Biblia gɔmeɖeɖee nye esi bɔ wu kple esi ŋu wokpɔ ŋudzedze ɖo wu le Germanygbe me gɔmeɖeɖewo me.

Ameka ƒomevie nye Martin Luther? Aleke wòdzɔe be eƒe ŋkɔ ɖi hoo le Europa?

Luther Zu Agbalẽnyala Gã

Wodzi Martin Luther le Eisleben, Germany, le November 1483 me. Togbɔ be akɔblikuƒee fofoa wɔ dɔ le hã la, edze agbagba de Martin suku wòdee yi ŋgɔe. Le ƒe 1501 me la, Martin yi Erfurt Yunivɛsiti. Sukua ƒe agbalẽdzraɖoƒee wòxlẽ Biblia le kpɔ zi gbãtɔ. Egblɔ be: “Agbalẽa dzɔ dzi nam ale gbegbe eye medi be Mawu nave nunye ne wòasu asinye gbeɖeka.”

Le Luther ƒe ƒe 22 xɔxɔ me la, eyi Augustine nunɔlawo ƒe saɖagakpɔ me le Erfurt. Emegbe ede Wittenberg Yunivɛsiti eye wòxɔ ɖɔkta dzeside le mawunyasɔsrɔ̃ me le yunivɛsiti la. Luther bu eɖokui be yemedze na Mawu ƒe amenuveve o eye eléa blanui ɣeaɖewoɣi ŋutɔ le dzitsinya ƒe fɔbuame ta. Gake Biblia sɔsrɔ̃, gbedodoɖa, kple ŋugbledede kpe ɖe eŋu wòva se alesi Mawu bua nuvɔ̃wɔlawoe gɔme nyuie wu. Luther de dzesii be menye ame ƒe agbagbadzedze kakaka mee wòtsona Mawu kpɔa ŋudzedze ɖe ame ŋu o. Ke boŋ amenuveve si womedze na o ye wònyena wotsɔ vea amesiwo tsɔa xɔse dea dɔwɔwɔ me nui.—Romatɔwo 1:16; 3:23, 24, 28.

Aleke Luther wɔ nya be gɔmesese yeye si ŋu yeke ɖo la sɔ? Sɔlemeha gbãtɔ ƒe ŋutinya kple Nubabla Yeyea me nyawo ŋuti numekuku fialagã Kurt Aland ŋlɔe be: “Ede ŋugble le Biblia bliboa me nyawo katã ŋu be yeakpɔ ɖa be ne yetsɔ sidzedze yeye sia si ŋu yeke ɖo sɔ kple Biblia me nya bubuwo la, woasɔ hã, eye ekpɔ be kpeɖodzi le eŋu le afisiafi.” Nufiafia si  nye xɔsenɔamesi dzie wonɔa te ɖo bua dzɔdzɔenyenye na ame, alo naa ɖeɖekpɔkpɔ ke menye dɔwɔwɔwo, alo fufiafiameɖokui dzie o la kpɔtɔ nye nu vevitɔ si dzi koŋ Luther tu eƒe nufiafiawo ɖo.

Nuvɔ̃tsɔtsɔke Dzadzra Ku Dzi Nɛ Helĩhelĩ

Luther ƒe gɔmesese le alesi Mawu bua nuvɔ̃wɔlawoe ŋu he ʋiʋli de wo kple Roma Katoliko Ha la dome. Enye dzixɔse si bɔ ŋutɔ ɣemaɣi be le ku me la, wohea to na nuvɔ̃wɔlawo vaseɖe ɣeyiɣi aɖe. Gake wogblɔna be woate ŋu atso ɣeyiɣi sia dzi ne woƒle nuvɔ̃tsɔtsɔke siwo wona le papa ƒe ŋusẽ me. Nuvɔ̃tsɔtsɔkedzralawo abe Johann Tetzel si nye Bisiɔpgã Albert si tso Mainz teƒenɔla ene wɔ ga geɖe le nuvɔ̃tsɔtsɔke dzadzra na ame tsɛwo me. Ame geɖe va bu nuvɔ̃tsɔtsɔkewo abe tanu ɖe nuvɔ̃ siwo woava wɔ le etsɔme nu ene.

Dzi ku Luther vevie ɖe nuvɔ̃tsɔtsɔke dzadzra ŋu. Enya be amegbetɔ mate ŋu aƒo asi kple Mawu o. Le ƒe 1517 ƒe kele me la, eŋlɔ nya 95 si wòfɔ ɖe te, tsɔ bu fɔ sɔlemeha la ɖe woƒe nutovowɔwɔ le ganyawo, nufiafia, kple subɔsubɔnyawo me ta. Esi tɔtrɔwɔwɔ ƒe dzie Luther di be yeade ƒo ke menye aglãdzedzee o ta la eɖo nya siwo wofɔ ɖe te ƒe kɔpiwo ɖe Mainz ƒe Bisiɔpgã Albert kpakple agbalẽnyala gbogbo aɖewo. Ŋutinyaŋlɔla geɖe tɔa asi ƒe 1517 alo ɣemaɣi lɔƒo dzi be eyae nye ɣeyiɣi si Subɔsubɔhawo ƒe Ðɔɖɔɖoa dze egɔme.

Menye Luther koe fa konyi le sɔlemeha la ƒe nugbegblẽwɔwɔwo ŋu o. Ƒe alafa ɖeka do ŋgɔ la, Czech subɔsubɔha ɖɔɖɔɖowɔla Jan Hus hã tsi tre ɖe nuvɔ̃tsɔtsɔke dzadzra ŋu. Do ŋgɔ na Hus gɔ̃ hã la, John Wycliffe si tso England gblɔe be kɔnyinyi aɖewo siwo me sɔlemeha la lé ɖe asi la mesɔ le Ŋɔŋlɔawo nu o. Luther ŋɔlimetɔwo, Erasmus si tso Rotterdam kple Tyndale si tso England hã de dzi ƒo be woaɖɔ nuwo ɖo le ha la me. Gake Johannes Gutenberg ƒe agbalẽtamɔ̃ toto vɛ le Germany na Luther ƒe gbe de dzi bobobo ɖo teƒeteƒewo wu ɖɔɖɔɖowɔla bubuawo tɔ.

Gutenberg ƒe agbalẽtamɔ̃ si le Mainz la dze dɔwɔwɔ gɔme le ƒe 1455 me. Va ɖo ƒe alafa ma ƒe nuwuwu la, agbalẽtaƒe 60 nɔ Germany-duwo kple Europa-dukɔ 12 bubuwo me. Emae nye zi gbãtɔ le ŋutinya me si amehawo ate ŋu ase nya siwo ka wo kaba nenema. Ðewohĩ womebia gbe Luther hafi ta eƒe nya 95 la hekaka wo o. Sɔleme ɖɔɖɔɖonya la meganye nuto aɖe ko me nya o. Eva zu nya si ŋu wole nya ʋlim le le afisiafi eye mexɔ ɣeyiɣi aɖeke hafi Martin Luther zu amesi ƒe ŋkɔ ɖi hoo le Germany o.

“Ɣe Kple Dzinu” Dze Agbo

Europa nɔ habɔbɔ sesẽ eve ƒe ŋusẽ te ƒe alafa geɖe va yi: Roma Fiaɖuƒe Kɔkɔe la kple Roma Katoliko Ha la. Hanns Lilje si nye Xexeame Katã ƒe Luther Subɔsubɔhawo ƒe Habɔbɔ ƒe zimenɔla tsã ɖe nu me be: “Fiagã kple papa ku ɖe wo nɔewo ŋu goŋgoŋ abe alesi ɣe kple dzinu le ene.” Gake womenya wo dometɔ si tututu ƒe nɔƒee nɔ ŋgɔ na nɔvia tɔ woatsɔ asɔ kple ɣe ƒe ŋusẽ eye woatsɔ dzinu tɔ na nɔvia o. Va ɖo ƒe alafa 16 lia ƒe gɔmedzedze la, habɔbɔ eveawo va dze nusi gbɔ eme wɔwɔ gɔme. Tɔtrɔwɔwɔ ƒe gbɔgbɔ aɖe va nɔ aƒe xɔm ɖi.

Papa Leo X tsi tre ɖe nya 95 la ŋu be ne Luther mete fli ɖe eƒe nyawo me o la, yeaɖee le hame. Luther dze aglã eye wòtɔ dzo papa ƒe agbalẽ si me ŋɔdzidonamea le la le dutoƒo eye wògata  agbalẽ bubuwo tsɔ de dzi ƒo na nutoa me dziɖuɖumegãwo be woawɔ ɖɔɖɔɖo le ha la me ne papa meda asi ɖe edzi o gɔ̃ hã. Papa Leo X ɖe Luther le hame le ƒe 1521 me. Esi Luther melɔ̃ ɖe edzi o eye wògblɔ be menye ʋɔnu dzɔdzɔe wodrɔ̃ ye o la, Fiagã Charles V yɔ ɖɔɖɔɖowɔla la be wòado ɖe fiaɖuƒea ƒe amegãwo ƒe takpekpe ŋkume le Worms. Ŋkeke 15 siwo Luther tsɔ zɔ mɔe tso Wittenberg yi Worms la nɔ abe aʋadziɖuɖu gbɔlɔlɔ ene. Amehawo de edzi eye afisiafi si wòɖo la, amewo dina be yewoakpɔ eƒe ŋkume.

Luther va tsi tre ɖe fiagã la, dziɖuɖumegãwo, kple papa ƒe amedɔdɔ ŋkume le Worms. Wohe Jan Hus hã yi ʋɔnu ma tɔgbe ke ŋkume le Constance le ƒe 1415 me eye wotɔ dzoe ɖe ati ŋu. Le ɣeyiɣi sia me si sɔlemeha la kple dziɖuɖua fɔ ŋku ɖe Luther dzi la, egbe be yemagbe nu le yeƒe dzixɔsewo gbɔ o negbe ɖe amesiwo tsi tre ɖe ye ŋu ɖo kpe edzi tso Biblia me be vodadae yewɔ hafi. Gake ame aɖeke menya Ŋɔŋlɔawo de enu o. Woŋlɔ nyadɔdrɔ̃a me tsonu ɖe agbalẽ si woyɔ be Worms Sedede me. Agbalẽa gblɔ be wonya Luther dzoe le dukɔa me eye wode se ɖe eƒe agbalẽwo nu be womele se nu o. Esi papa ɖee le hame eye fiagã la hã nyae le dukɔa me la, fifia eƒe agbe ɖo afɔku si nye be woate ŋu awui bɔbɔe me.

Ɣemaɣie nu wɔdɔɖeamedzi wɔnuku aɖe dzɔ. Esi Luther trɔ gbɔ va Wittenberg la, dɔmenyotɔ Frederick si tso Saxony wɔ ɖoɖo wolée abe ame aɖee fii lé ene. Esia na Luther ƒe futɔwo ƒe asi mete ŋu kae o. Wotsɔ Luther ɣla ɖe bebeƒe si nye Wartburg-mɔ̃ me, afisi wòva to ge le ʋlayaa eye wòva tsɔ ŋkɔ bubu nɛ—wova yɔe be ame ŋkuta Junker Jörg.

Wole September Biblia la Dim Vevie

Le dzinu ewo siwo kplɔe ɖo me la, Luther nɔ Wartburg-mɔ̃ me abe ame si si le fiagã la kple papa nu ene. Agbalẽ si nye Welterbe Wartburg ɖe nu me be “eƒe Wartburg nɔɣi nye ɣeyiɣi si me wòte ŋu wɔ dɔ geɖe le kple esi me wòte ŋu ɖe susu le wu.” Dɔ siwo wòwɔ ƒe vevitɔ dometɔ ɖekae nye Erasmus ƒe Helagbe me Ŋɔŋlɔawo gɔmeɖeɖe ɖe Germanygbe me, si nu wòwu le afima nɔɣi. Woɖee ɖe go le September 1522 me eye esi womeɖe ŋkɔ nɛ be Luther ye nye egɔmeɖela o ta la, ŋkɔ si wova yɔ nɛ ye nye September Biblia. Eƒe asie nye guilder 1 1/2—esi sɔ kple subɔviwo ƒe ƒe ɖeka fetu. Ke hã ame geɖe di September Biblia la ŋutɔ. Le dzinu 12 siwo kplɔe ɖo me la, wota ɖekaɖeka 6,000 ɖe tata 2 me, eye eƒe tata vovovoawo de 69 ya teti le ƒe 12 siwo kplɔe ɖo me.

Le ƒe 1525 me la, Martin Luther ɖe Katharina von Bora si nye nyɔnu saɖagaxɔmenɔla tsã. Katharina nye nyɔnu si nya aƒedzikpɔkpɔ nyuie eye wòte ŋu kpɔ nusiwo srɔ̃a ƒe dɔmenyonyo bia la gbɔ. Menye srɔ̃ kple vi ade koe va nɔ Luther ƒeme o, ke boŋ xɔlɔ̃wo, agbalẽnyalawo, kple sitsoƒedilawo hã nɔe. Le Luther ƒe agbemeƒe mamlɛawo me, eva zu aɖaŋuɖola xɔŋkɔ ale gbegbe be agbalẽnyala siwo vaa eƒeme la tsɔa agbalẽ kple nuŋlɔti ɖe asi be yewoade dzesi eƒe nyawo ɖi. Woƒo agbalẽ siawo nu ƒu tsɔ ŋkɔ nɛ be Luthers Tischreden (Luther ƒe Kplɔ̃ Ŋuti Nuƒo). Woma eƒe gbogbo aɖe ɣeaɖeɣi le Germanygbe me eye Biblia koe nye agbalẽ si woma sɔ gbɔ wui.

 Gbegɔmeɖela Bibi Kple Agbalẽ Geɖe Ŋlɔla

Va ɖo ƒe 1534 me la, Luther wu Hebri Ŋɔŋlɔawo, si gɔme ɖem wònɔ, la nu. Ebi ɖe nuŋɔŋlɔ ƒe atsyã, nyawo ŋɔŋlɔ ɖe ɖoɖo si nya sena nu, kple nya siwo sɔ zazã me. Ena be wòte ŋu ɖe Biblia gɔme ɖe gbe si me ame tsɛwo te ŋu sena bɔbɔe me. Luther gblɔ tso mɔnu si wòzã le gbegɔmeɖeɖe me ŋu be: “Ele be míabia gbe vidada si le eƒe aƒeme, ɖeviwo le ablɔdzi kple ame tsɛwo le asime, eye míake to ase alesi woƒoa nui eye míawo hã míaɖe gbe gɔme ɖe woƒe nuƒoƒo nu.” Luther ƒe Bibliae va zu dzidzenu si wozã abe gɔmeɖokpe ene na Germanygbe me ŋɔŋlɔ si dzi wova da asi ɖo le Germany katã.

Tsɔ kpe ɖe gbegɔmeɖeɖe nyanya nyuie ŋu la, Luther bi ɖe agbalẽŋɔŋlɔ hã me. Wogblɔ be eŋlɔa agbalẽ si ɖea nu me tsitotsito kwasiɖa eve sia kwasiɖa eve le eƒe agbenɔƒe siwo wòtsɔ wɔ dɔe me. Alesi eya ŋutɔ hea nyae la, nenema ke nyahehe dzena le eƒe agbalẽ aɖewo hã mee. Luther ƒe nume vena le agbalẽ gbãtɔ siwo wòŋlɔ me, gake tsitsi mena wòdzudzɔ numevevenyawo ŋɔŋlɔ o. Agbalẽ mamlɛ siwo wòva ŋlɔ me nyawo kura gavena wu. Lexikon für Theologie und Kirche gblɔ be edze le Luther ƒe nuŋɔŋlɔwo me be “dzi kunɛ helĩhelĩ” eye “ɖokuibɔbɔ kple lɔlɔ̃ mele eme o,” tsɔ kpe ɖe “alesi wòsena le eɖokui me be ehiã vevie be yeawɔ dɔ si wɔm yele” ŋu.

Esime Agbledelawo ƒe Aʋa la dzɔ eye wowu ame geɖe le nutoawo me la, wòbia Luther ƒe susu le aglãdzedzea ŋu. Ðe agbledelaawo tɔ dzɔ be woatso ɖe woƒe aƒetɔ anyigbatɔwo ŋua? Luther meɖo nyaa ŋu alesi wòadze ame akpa gãtɔ ŋu be ne yeƒe nu nadze amewo ŋu. Exɔe se be ele be Mawu subɔlawo nabu amesiwo le ŋusẽnɔƒe. (Romatɔwo 13:1) Luther gblɔ kaŋ be ele be woatsɔ akpasesẽ axe mɔ ɖe aglãdzedzea nu. Egblɔ be: “Amesiame si ate ŋui la natɔ hɛ ame, wòadza ame, awu ame.” Hanns Lilje gblɔ be nyaŋuɖoɖo sia “klo bubu si tɔgbe mebɔ o si amewo dea [Luther] ŋu la le eŋu.” Gawu la, nusiwo Luther ŋlɔ tso Yudatɔ siwo gbe be yewomatrɔ dzime va Kristo subɔsubɔ me o, vevietɔ eƒe agbalẽ si nye On the Jews and Their Lies (Ku Ðe Yudatɔwo Kple Woƒe Aʋatsonyawo Ŋu), la na ame geɖewo va bui be ɖe wòtsi tre ɖe Sem ƒe dzidzimeviwo, alo Yudatɔwo, ŋu.

Nusi Luther Gblẽ Ði

Subɔsubɔha ƒe Ðɔɖɔɖoa si amewo abe Luther, Calvin, kple Zwingli ene de dzi ƒo be woahe vɛ la na woɖo subɔsubɔmɔnu yeye si woyɔna be Protestanttɔnyenye anyi. Nu vevitɔ si Luther gblẽ ɖi le Protestanttɔnyenye ɖoɖo mee nye eƒe nufiafia vevitɔ si nye dzɔdzɔenyenye bubu na ame to xɔsenɔamesi dzi. Germany nuto ɖesiaɖe tiana be yewoanye Protestanttɔwo loo alo Katolikotɔwo. Protestanttɔnyenye kaka eye ame geɖewo ɖo hawo me le Scandinavia, Switzerland, England, kple Netherlands. Egbea wo me tɔwo nye ame miliɔn alafa geɖewo.

Ame geɖe siwo ƒe dzixɔse mewɔ ɖeka kple Luther ƒe dzixɔsewo o hã dea bubu  eŋu ŋutɔ. Le ƒe 1983 me la, woɖu Luther ƒe dzidzi ƒe ƒe 500 lia le German Democratic Republic si nɔ anyi tsã, si nye dukɔ si me Eisleben, Erfurt, Wittenberg, kple Wartburg nɔ la me. Sosialist Dukɔ sia de bubu eŋu be enye ame ŋkuta aɖe le Germany ƒe ŋutinya kple agbenɔnɔ me. Gakpe ɖe eŋu la, Katolikotɔwo ƒe mawunyaŋununyala aɖe si nɔ anyi le ƒe 1980-awo me gblɔ kpuie tso ŋusẽ si Luther ƒe dɔwɔnawo kpɔ ɖe amewo dzi ŋu be: “Amesiwo katã va ɖe Luther yome la dometɔ aɖeke mete ŋu sɔ kplii o.” Nufialagã Aland ŋlɔ be: “Ne mede ɖeke o la, wotaa agbalẽ yeye 500 ya teti ƒe sia ƒe le Martin Luther kple Subɔsubɔhawo ƒe Ðɔɖɔɖo la ŋu—eye wotaa wo ɖe xexeame gbegbɔgblɔ vevitɔwo katã kloe me.”

Martin Luther nye amesi ƒe tagbɔ kɔ, susu ɖaɖɛ le esi, eɖu tu na wo degbea, eye wònye dɔwɔla dovevienu aɖe. Gake dzigbɔɖi mele esi o, eɖua fewu le ame ŋu, eye wòwɔa nu adãtɔe ɖe nusi wòbu be enye alakpanuwɔwɔ ŋu hã. Esime Luther nɔ eƒe kuba dzi le Eisleben le February 1546 me la, exɔlɔ̃wo biae se be egalé eƒe dzixɔsewo me ɖe asi hã. Eɖo eŋu be “ẽ.” Luther ku gake ame geɖe galé dzixɔse mawo me ɖe asi goŋgoŋ.

[Nɔnɔmetata si le axa 27]

Luther tsi tre ɖe nuvɔ̃tsɔtsɔke dzadzra ŋu

[Afi Si Míexɔ Mɔɖeɖe Tso]

Mit freundlicher Genehmigung: Wartburg-Stiftung

[Nɔnɔmetata si le axa 28]

Luther gbe be yemagbe nu le yeƒe dzixɔsewo gbɔ o negbe ɖe amesiwo tsi tre ɖe ye ŋu ɖo kpe edzi tso Biblia me be vodadae yewɔ hafi

[Afi Si Míexɔ Mɔɖeɖe Tso]

From the book The Story of Liberty, 1878

[Nɔnɔmetata si le axa 29]

Xɔ si me Luther nɔ ɖe Biblia gɔme le Wartburg-mɔ̃ me

[Afi Si Míexɔ Mɔɖeɖe Tso]

Nɔnɔmetata evea siaa: Mit freundlicher Genehmigung: Wartburg-Stiftung

[Nɔnɔmetata Tsoƒe si le axa 26]

From the book Martin Luther The Reformer, 3rd Edition, published by Toronto Willard Tract Depository, Toronto, Ontario

[Nɔnɔmetata Tsoƒe si le axa 30]

From the book The History of Protestantism (Vol. I)