“Mɔzɔla Nyanyuigbeƒãɖela” Kalẽtɔ Aɖe

WOKA nya ta be kaka George Borrow naxɔ ƒe 18 la, enya gbegbɔgblɔ 12 dodo. Ƒe eve megbe la, ete ŋu ɖea gbegbɔgblɔ vovovo 20 gɔme “bɔbɔe wònya sena ŋutɔ.”

Le ƒe 1833 me la, Britain Kple Duta Biblia Habɔbɔa kpe ŋutsu sia si si nunana tɔxɛ le la be wòava ɖo biabia aɖewo ŋu le London, England. Esi ga menɔ esi wòaɖo ʋu o gake wòdi vevie be yeayi ta la, Borrow amesi xɔ ƒe 30 la zɔ afɔ kilometa 180 tso wo de Norwich heyi le gaƒoƒo 28 pɛ ko me.

Biblia Habɔbɔa de dɔ sesẽ aɖe asi nɛ—eyae nye be wòatsɔ ɣleti ade pɛ ko asrɔ̃ Manchugbe, si wodona le China dukɔa ƒe akpa aɖewo. Ebia be woatsɔ gbeŋutisegbalẽ na ye, gake nusi wote ŋu kpɔ nɛ koe nye Mateo ƒe Nyanyuia le Manchugbe me, kple nyagɔmeɖegbalẽ aɖe si me woɖe Manchugbe yi Fransegbe me le. Ke hã, le kwasiɖa 19 megbe la, eŋlɔ ɖo ɖe London be: “To Mawu ƒe kpekpeɖeŋu dzi la, mesrɔ̃ Manchugbea vɔ.” Eƒe agbagbadzedze sia ya wɔ nuku wu elabena woka nya ta be enɔ Luka ƒe Nyanyuia, si nɔ Mexicotɔwo ƒe gbe Nahuatl me hã ɖɔm ɖo le ɣeyiɣi ma ke me.

Biblia si Le Manchugbe Me

Le ƒe 1600 ƒeawo me esime Manchugbe si wotsɔ Mongoliagbe si nye Uighur nuŋɔŋlɔdzesiwo ŋlɔe do zi gbãtɔ la, eva zu gbe si wodona le dziɖuɖudɔwɔƒewo katã le China. Togbɔ be ame geɖe megava donɛ le ɣeyiɣi aɖewo megbe o hã la, Britain Kple Duta Biblia Habɔbɔa di vevie be woata Biblia ahamae ɖe Manchugbea me. Kaka ƒe 1822 naɖo la, woka ga aɖe bene woatsɔ ata Mateo ƒe Nyanyui si gɔme Stepan V. Lipoftsoff ɖe la kɔpi 550. Ewɔ dɔ le Russiatɔwo ƒe Dutanyawo ƒe Dɔwɔƒea le China hena ƒe 20. Wota Biblia sia le St. Petersburg, gake ʋɛ aɖewo koe woma, elabena tsiɖɔɖɔ aɖe gblẽ susɔeawo.

Ema megbe kpuie la, woɖe Kristotɔwo ƒe Hela Ŋɔŋlɔawo katã gɔme. Le ƒe 1834 me esime wofɔ Hebri Ŋɔŋlɔawo ƒe akpa gãtɔ aɖewo siwo nye blemagbalẽ xoxo siwo woŋlɔ kple asi la, amewo gava tsɔ ɖe le Biblia me wu. Amekae akpɔ egbɔ be wogbugbɔ ɖɔ vodada siwo le Manchugbe me Biblia si li ɣemaɣi me ɖo heɖe susɔea gɔme? Britain Kple Duta Biblia Habɔbɔa dɔ George Borrow ɖa be wòayi awɔ dɔ sia ɖe yewo teƒe.

Eɖo Ta Russia

Esi Borrow va ɖo St. Petersburg la, egbugbɔ Manchugbea srɔ̃ ɖe edzi nyuie bene yeate ŋu axlẽ Biblia la me nyawo ato eme ahaɖe wo gɔme woanyo ɖe edzi wu. Togbɔ be ele nenema hã la, dɔdasia sesẽ, eyata ewɔa dɔ gaƒoƒo 13 gbesiagbe hekpe asi ɖe agbalẽtata me nuŋɔŋlɔmedzesi siwo woazã atsɔ ata Nubabla Yeye  La, si ŋu wova gblɔ le mlɔeba be enye “ɣedzeƒenutowo me agbalẽ dzeani aɖe” ŋu. Wota kɔpi 1,000 le ƒe 1835 me. Gake nane do kplamatse Borrow ƒe tameɖoɖo be yeatsɔ wo ayi China ahama wo le afima. Esi Russia dziɖuɖua vɔ̃ be woava bu esia abe dutanyanyuigbɔgblɔdɔ ene, si ate ŋu agblẽ ɖekawɔwɔ si le yewo kple China dome ta la, egblɔ be yemaɖe mɔ na Borrow be wòayi China dukɔa ƒe de dzi o ne “Manchugbe me Biblia ɖeka pɛ” koe wòlé ɖe asi gɔ̃ hã.

Ƒe ewo aɖewo megbe la, woma ʋɛ aɖewo eye Mateo kple Marko ƒe Nyanyuiawo ƒe gɔmeɖeɖe si wota ɖe Manchugbe me ɖe axa ɖeka eye Chinagbe ɖe axa evelia, do le ƒe 1859 me. Gake le ɣemaɣi la, ame akpa gãtɔ siwo te ŋu xlẽa Manchugbe la, dina be yewoaxlẽ Chinagbe boŋ, eye mɔkpɔkpɔ be woava ɖe Biblia bliboa gɔme ɖe Manchugbe me va nɔ bubum. Le nyateƒe me la, ame geɖe megava nɔ Manchugbe dom o, eye eteƒe medidi o, Chinagbe va xɔ ɖe eteƒe. Kaka ƒe 1912 naɖo la, gbea va bu keŋkeŋ esime China va zu dukɔ nɔɖokuisi.

Iberian Ƒukpo Afã La

Nuteƒekpɔkpɔ siawo do ŋusẽ George Borrow be wòtrɔ yi London. Abe alesi wògblɔe emegbe ene la, wogade dɔ asi nɛ le ƒe 1835 me be wòayi Portugal kple Spain “aɖakpɔ be afima tɔwo le klalo be woaxɔ Kristotɔnyenye ƒe nyateƒeawo mahã.” Ɣemaɣi la, Britain Kple Duta Biblia Habɔbɔa ƒe dɔwɔnawo meɖo dukɔ eve mawo me haɖe o, elabena dunyahehe kple hadomegbenɔnɔ me ʋunyaʋunyawɔwɔwo nɔ edzi yim le teƒe mawo. Enye dzidzɔ na Borrow be wòaɖo dze tso Biblia me na Portugalgbe dolawo le kɔƒewo me, gake le ɣeyiɣi kpui aɖe megbe la, subɔsubɔhawo ƒe ɖekematsɔleme kple vivimadoɖenuŋu ƒoe ɖe enu be wòdzo yi Spain.

Gbetɔame bubu do mo ɖa le Spain, vevietɔ le Gypsytɔwo, amesiwo kple Borrow dome va nɔ kplikplikpli le esi wòte ŋu do wo de gbea ta, dome. Le eƒe afima ɖoɖo megbe kpuie la, edze “Nubabla Yeyea” gɔme ɖeɖe ɖe Spaintɔwo ƒe Gypsygbe si nye Gitano me. Emia asi Gypsytɔ nyɔnu eve be woakpe ɖe ye ŋu le dɔ sia ƒe akpa aɖe. Exlẽa Spaingbe me Biblia na wo eye wòbiana tsoa wo si be woaɖe egɔme na ye. To mɔ sia dzi la, ete ŋu srɔ̃ alesi wozãna Gypsytɔwo ƒe nyagbewo nyuie. Le eƒe agbagbadzedze sia ta la, wota Luka ƒe Nyanyuia le ƒe 1838 ƒe adame, eye esia ʋã bisiɔp aɖe wògblɔ be: “Ele Gypsygbe dzi to ge atrɔ Spaintɔwo katã ƒe susu.”

Woɖe mɔ na George Borrow be wòadi “ame aɖe si bi nyuie be wòaɖe Ŋɔŋlɔawo gɔme ɖe Basquegbe me.” Wode dɔ sia asi na Ðk. Oteiza, atikewɔla aɖe si ŋu Borrow ŋlɔ nu tsoe be “enya gbe ma, si ŋu nye hã menya nu vi aɖe le, la nyuie.” Le ƒe 1838 me la, Luka ƒe Nyanyuia va zu Biblia-gbalẽ gbãtɔ si wota ɖe Spaintɔwo ƒe Basquegbe me.

Esi Borrow di vevie be ame tsɛwo nase Biblia gɔme ta la, ezɔa mɔ yia teƒe didiwo, zi geɖe la afɔkuteƒewo, be yeama Biblia-gbalẽawo na ame dahewo le kɔƒe nutowo me. Edi be yeana woavo tso mawusubɔsubɔ ƒe numanyamanya  kple aʋatsodzixɔse me. Esi wònɔ alesi viɖe aɖeke mele eŋu be woanɔ fe xem na nunɔlawo be woaklɔ woƒe nuvɔ̃wo ɖa o me ɖem la, ebiana le kpɔɖeŋu me be: “Ðe wòanya wɔ be Mawu, amesi nye ame nyui la, nalɔ̃ ɖe nuvɔ̃ dzadzra dzia?” Gake esi Biblia Habɔbɔa kpɔ be ɖeklemiɖeɖe amewo ƒe dzixɔse nuwɔna sia ate ŋu ana woatɔ te yewoƒe dɔwɔna ta la, wobia tso esi be wòakpɔ Ŋɔŋlɔawo ɖeɖeko mama ƒe dɔa gbɔ awɔ.

Woɖe mɔ na Borrow kple nu ko be wòata El Nuevo Testamento, Spaingbe me Nubabla Yeye aɖe si me Roma Katolikotɔwo ƒe nufiafiawo ƒe numeɖeɖe aɖeke manɔ o. Togbɔ be dudɔnunɔla gbãtɔ tsi tre ɖe eŋu le gɔmedzedzea me hegblɔ tso Biblia gɔmeɖeɖe sia ŋu be enye “agbalẽ manyomanyo” si me gɔmeɖeɖe me afɔku le hã la, woɖe mɔ nɛ koe. Borrow ɖo agbalẽdzraƒe aɖe ɖe Madrid be yeadzra Spaingbe me Nubabla Yeye sia, eye nuwɔna sia na be masɔmasɔ va ɖo eya kple subɔsubɔhakplɔlawo kpakple dziɖuɖumegãwo dome. Wodee gɔxɔ me ŋkeke 12. Esi Borrow ƒo nu tsi tre ɖe nusi wowɔ kplii ŋu la, wobia tso esi be wòadzo le adzame. Esi wòkpɔ bena wode ye gaxɔ me madzemadzee ta la, eyɔ apostolo Paulo ƒe kpɔɖeŋua heɖoe be yeanɔ gaxɔa me vaseɖe esime woaɖe ye tso afima bubutɔe be womagaƒo ɖi yeƒe ŋkɔ o.—Dɔwɔwɔwo 16:37.

Hafi Borrow, Biblia Habɔbɔa ƒe dɔwɔla veviedonulaa, nadzo le Spain le ƒe 1840 me la, wote ŋu ka nya ta be: “Le ƒe atɔ̃ siwo va yi me la, Ŋɔŋlɔawo ƒe tata agbɔsɔsɔ siwo woma ɖe Spain dukɔa me godoo ade 14,000 kloe.” Esi Borrow kpɔ gome gã aɖe le dɔ sia wɔwɔ me ta la, eƒo nya ta tso eƒe Spain nuteƒekpɔkpɔwo ŋu be eyae nye “ƒe siwo me mekpɔ dzidzɔ le wu le nye agbe me.”

Agbalẽ si woyɔna be The Bible in Spain [Biblia si Le Spaingbe Me] si wota zi gbãtɔ le ƒe 1842 me—eye wogale etam vaseɖe fifia—la nye George Borrow ŋutɔ ƒe mɔzɔzɔwo kple dɔwɔnawo ŋuti nuteƒekpɔkpɔwo ŋuti nuŋlɔɖi siwo wogblɔ wonya se ale gbegbe. Eyɔ eɖokui le agbalẽ sia si va zu viɖenu gã aɖe me be “mɔzɔla Nyanyuigbeƒãɖela.” Eŋlɔ bena: “Meɖoe kplikpaa be mayi aɖasrã teƒe ɣaɣlɛ kple teƒe saɖeaga siwo le to kple togbɛwo dzi akpɔ ne maƒo nu tso Kristo ŋu na amesiwo mado goe le mɔa dzi.”

George Borrow ƒe Ŋɔŋlɔawo gɔmeɖeɖe kple wo mama dzonɔamemetɔe sia va zu gɔmeɖoanyi na ame bubuwo—mɔnukpɔkpɔ xɔasi ŋutɔ aɖee wònye vavã.

[Anyigbatata si le axa 29]

(Edze nyuie le agbalẽa ŋutɔ me)

George Borrow ƒe agbagbadzedze be yeaɖe Biblia gɔme ahamae na wòzɔ mɔ tso (1) England yi (2) Russia, (3) Portugal, kple (4) Spain

[Afi Si Míexɔ Mɔɖeɖe Tso]

Mountain High Maps® Copyright © 1997 Digital Wisdom, Inc.

[Nɔnɔmetata si le axa 28]

Yohanes ƒe Nyanyuia ƒe ŋgɔdonyawo le Manchugbe me si wota le ƒe 1835 me, woaxlẽe tso miame yi ɖusime

[Afi Si Míexɔ Mɔɖeɖe Tso]

From the book The Bible of Every Land, 1860

[Nɔnɔmetata Tsoƒe si le axa 27]

From the book The Life of George Borrow by Clement K. Shorter, 1919