Biblia Gɔme Ðeɖe Ðe Italygbe Me Menɔ Bɔbɔe le Ŋutinya me O
Biblia Gɔme Ðeɖe Ðe Italygbe Me Menɔ Bɔbɔe le Ŋutinya me O
“BIBLIA nye agbalẽ siwo woma wu le míaƒe dukɔ [Italy] me la dometɔ ɖeka, gake ɖewohĩ enye agbalẽ siwo amewo mexlẽna kura o dometɔ ɖeka hã. Vaseɖe fifia la, womedea dzi boo aɖeke ƒo na Katolikotɔwo be woanya Biblia me nyawo ahaxlẽe be enye Mawu ƒe Nya o. Zi geɖe la, didi nɔa ame aɖewo me be yewoanya Biblia me nyawo gake ame aɖeke meli afia wo o.”
Nya sia si wogblɔ le Italytɔwo ƒe Bisiɔpwo ƒe Takpekpe aɖe me le ƒe 1995 me fɔ biabia geɖewo ɖe te. Le ƒe alafa siwo va yi me la, ɖe Italytɔ geɖe xlẽna Bibliaa? Nukatae agbɔsɔsɔme si woma le Italy mede dukɔ bubuwo tɔ nu o? Nukatae Biblia kpɔtɔ nye agbalẽ si Italytɔwo mexlẽna tututu o? Italygbe me Bibliawo ƒe ŋutinya me dzodzro ana míakpɔ ŋuɖoɖo aɖewo na biabia siawo.
Exɔ ƒe alafa geɖe hafi gbegbɔgblɔ siwo nye Fransegbe, Italygbe, Portugalgbe, Spaingbe kple bubuawo va do tso Latingbe me. Le Europa dukɔ geɖe siwo me wodoa Latingbe le me la, wova dze asixɔxɔ dede wo degbewo ŋu, eye wova nɔ wo zãm le agbalẽsrɔ̃nyawo kura gɔ̃ hã me. Wo degbewo zazã le nu geɖe me va kpɔ ŋusẽ ɖe Biblia gɔme ɖeɖe dzi. Le mɔ ka nu? Ɣeaɖeɣi la, Latingbe si dzi woda asi ɖo Katolikohaa zãna la va yi to kura, eye gbe vovovo siwo koŋ dukɔ siawo dona kple esiwo wodona le woƒe nuto aɖewo ɖeɖeko me va keke ta ale gbegbe be amesiwo mede suku o megava se Latingbe o.
Kaka ƒe 1000 naɖo la, Italytɔ akpa gãtɔ megate ŋu xlẽa Vulgate Biblia si le Latingbe me o, ne ɖe le wo si kura gɔ̃ hã. Sɔlemehaa kpɔ ŋusẽ ɖe agbalẽsrɔ̃nyawo kple nusiwo wofiana le yunivɛsiti ʋɛ siwo nɔ anyi ɣemaɣi dzi ƒe alafa geɖe. Ame ŋkuta ʋɛ aɖewo ko sie mɔnukpɔkpɔa su be woade suku. Aleae wòdzɔe be Biblia va zu “agbalẽ si amewo menya o” mlɔeba. Ke hã, ame geɖe di vevie be Mawu ƒe Nyaa nanɔ yewo si eye yewoase eme nyawo gɔme ɖe yewo degbe me.
Sɔlemehakplɔla geɖe vɔ̃ be Biblia gɔme ɖeɖe ɖe gbe bubuwo me ava de nusi wonɔ yɔyɔm be xɔsegbegbe ƒe dzi ƒo. Le ŋutinyaŋlɔla Massimo Firpo ƒe nya nu la, “ne amewo zã wo degbe me Bibliawo la, [afia be] woɖe [Latingbe si] sɔlemehakplɔlawo [zãna] si na wokpɔ ŋusẽ ɖe subɔsubɔnyawo dzi ƒe ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedzi ɖa.” Eyata, susu siwo ta Italytɔwo menya Biblia o tso gbaɖegbe ke vaseɖe fifia la tso woƒe dekɔnuwo, subɔsubɔnyawo, kple hadomegbenɔnɔ gbɔ.
Biblia ƒe Akpa Siwo Gɔme Woɖe Gbã
Ƒe alafa 13 lia mee woɖe Biblia si le Latingbe me ƒe akpa aɖewo gɔme ɖe Italygbe me. Asie wotsɔ ŋlɔ Biblia-gbalẽ siwo gɔme woɖe, eye woxɔ asi ŋutɔ. Le ƒe alafa 14 lia me, esime Biblia gɔme ɖeɖe va bɔ la, wova ɖe Biblia bliboa kloe gɔme ɖe Italygbe me togbɔ be ame vovovowoe ɖe egɔme le ɣeyiɣi kple teƒe vovovowo hã. Biblia siawo gɔmeɖelawo dometɔ geɖe meyɔ woƒe ŋkɔ ɖe Bibliaa ŋu o. Kesinɔtɔwo kple agbalẽnyalawo ko sie wonɔ, elabena woawo sie ga nɔ wote ŋu ƒle wo alo woawo koe te ŋu xlẽ wo.
Hena ƒe alafa geɖe la, ame akpa gãtɔ medena suku o. Le ɣeyiɣi si me Italy dukɔ katã wɔ ɖeka le ƒe 1861 me kura gɔ̃ hã la, amesiwo ade 75 kloe le alafa mee mede suku o. Esime Italy dziɖuɖu yeyea dzra ɖo be yeade se si ana amesiame nade suku femaxee la, Papa Pius IX ŋlɔ agbalẽ na fia la le ƒe 1870 me ƒoe ɖe enu be wòatsi tre ɖe sea ŋu, elabena Papaa gblɔ be enye “dɔvɔ̃” si ƒe taɖodzinue nye be “wòagblẽ Katoliko sukuwo dome keŋkeŋ.”
Italygbe me Biblia Gbãtɔ
Wota Biblia blibo si gɔme woɖe ɖe Italygbe me le Venice le ƒe 1471 me, si nye ƒe 16 le agbalẽtamɔ̃ zazã le Europa megbe. Nicolò Malerbi, si nye saɖagaxɔmenɔla le Camaldoli tsɔ ɣleti enyi ɖe Biblia gɔmee. Ekpɔ Latin Vulgate Biblia dzi trɔ asi le gɔmeɖeɖe siwo li xoxo ŋu nyuie eye wòtsɔ alesi woyɔa nanewo le Venetia, afisi wònɔ la, ɖɔ li nya aɖewo le wo me. Eƒe gɔmeɖeɖe lae nye Italygbe me Biblia gbãtɔ si wozã agbalẽtamɔ̃ tsɔ ta hema wu ɖesiaɖe ɣemaɣi.
Antonio Brucioli hãe nye ame bubu aɖe si ɖe Biblia gɔme le Venice. Enye agbalẽnyala siwo tsɔ ɖe le dekɔnuwo kple amegbetɔwo ƒe ŋutetewo dodo ɖe ŋgɔ me dometɔ ɖeka, si si Protestanttɔwo ƒe nukpɔsusu nɔ. Ke hã, medo le Katolikohaa me kpɔ o. Le ƒe 1532 me la, Brucioli kpɔ Hebrigbe kple Helagbe me ŋɔŋlɔ gbãtɔwo dzi ɖe Biblia gɔme hetae. Esiae nye Italygbe me Biblia gbãtɔ si gɔme woɖe tso ŋɔŋlɔ gbãtɔwo me. Togbɔ be menye Italygbe adodoe ye wòzã o hã la, alesi wòɖe nuwo gɔme pɛpɛpɛ wosɔ kple alesi wonɔ le ŋɔŋlɔ gbãtɔwo mee la ɖe dzesi ŋutɔ elabena ame ʋɛ aɖewo koe te ŋu nyana blemagbewo ɣemaɣi. Brucioli zã Mawu ƒe ŋkɔ si woŋlɔ be “Ieova” le eƒe Biblia ƒe akpa aɖewo kple le tata aɖewo me. Protestanttɔ siwo nye Italytɔwo kple amesiwo tsi tre ɖe Katolikotɔwo ƒe nufiafiawo ŋu zã eƒe Biblia abe ƒe alafa ɖeka kloe ene.
Katolikotɔ aɖewo ta Italygbe me gɔmeɖeɖe aɖewo, gake wonye Brucioli ƒe Biblia si me wogbugbɔ to ko. Eye amewo meƒle wo gobii ale o. Le ƒe 1607 me la, Giovanni Diodati, amesi nye Calvintɔwo ƒe osɔfo, si dzilawo si yi Switzerland (Suisse) tsɔ ƒo asa na yometiti la, ta Italygbe me Biblia bubu si gɔme wòɖe tso gbe gbãtɔawo me le Geneva. Eƒe Biblia lae va zu esi Italytɔ Protestanttɔwo va zã ƒe alafa geɖe. Wobui be enye Italygbe me Biblia nyui aɖe ɣemaɣi. Diodati ƒe Biblia kpe ɖe Italytɔwo ŋu wose Biblia ƒe nufiafiawo gɔme. Gake sɔlemehakplɔlawo tɔ ŋku gɔmeɖeɖe sia kple bubuwo be amewo ƒe asi mete ŋu ka wo o.
Biblia La—“Agbalẽ si Amewo Menya O”
Enciclopedia Cattolica gblɔ be: “Sɔlemehaa wɔ eƒe dɔ ɣesiaɣi be eƒe ŋku nɔ agbalẽwo ŋu nyuie, gake hafi woato agbalẽtamɔ̃wo vɛ la, megakpɔe be enɔ vevie nɛ be woaŋlɔ agbalẽ siwo ŋu wode se ɖo la ƒe ŋkɔwo ɖi o, elabena wotɔ dzo agbalẽ siwo wosusu be afɔku le wo ŋu la keŋkeŋ.” Hafi Protestanttɔwo ƒe Ðɔɖɔɖoa gɔ̃ hã nadze egɔme la, Europa dukɔ geɖe me sɔlemehakplɔlawo dze agbagba geɖe xe mɔ ɖe agbalẽ siwo wobe wotsi tre ɖe sɔlemehawo ƒe nufiafia ŋu la mama nu. Gake tɔtrɔ ɖedzesi aɖe va le Trent ƒe Aɖaŋuɖotakpekpe si wowɔ le ƒe 1546 me la me, esime woƒo nu tso Biblia gɔme ɖeɖe yi gbe bubuwo me ŋu megbe. Nukpɔsusu evee do mo ɖa. Amesiwo gbe be womegaɖe Biblia gɔme ɖe gbe bubuwo me o gblɔ be Biblia gɔme ɖeɖe ɖe gbe siawo mee “he aglãdzedzewo katã vɛ.” Amesiwo lɔ̃ be woaɖe Biblia gɔme ɖe gbe bubuwo me gblɔ be yewoƒe “futɔ” Protestanttɔwo ate ŋu ahe nya be Katolikoha gbe be woagaɖe Biblia gɔme ɖe gbewo me o be “wòatsyɔ nu eƒe nufitifitiwɔwɔ kple eƒe amefuflu dzi.”
Esi Aɖaŋuɖotakpekpea me tɔwo ƒe susu mewɔ ɖeka o ta la, womete ŋu wɔ nyametsotso gobii aɖeke le nyaa ŋu o, ke boŋ ɖeko woda asi ɖe Vulgate Biblia dzi be kpeɖodzi le eŋu si na wòva zu Biblia si Katolikohaa va zã koŋ. Ke hã, Carlo Buzzetti, si nye nufiala le Salesianum Bisiɔpwo ƒe Yunivɛsiti, Rome, gblɔ be gbɔgblɔ be “kpeɖodziwo” le Vulgate Biblia ŋu nye “asi dada ɖe edzi koŋ be eya koe nye Biblia si dze.” Nusiwo dzɔ emegbe ɖo kpe nya sia dzi.
Le ƒe 1559 me la, Papa Paul IV ta agbalẽ siwo katã nu wode se ɖo be Katolikotɔwo maxlẽ, adzra wo, aɖe wo gɔme, alo woanɔ wo si o la katã ƒe ŋkɔwo zi gbãtɔ. Wobu agbalẽ siawo be womenyo o eye be woado afɔku ame ƒe xɔse kple agbenyuinɔnɔ me léle ɖe asi. Italygbe me Biblia kple Brucioli ƒe Bibliaa hã nɔ agbalẽ siwo nu woxe mɔ ɖo dome. Woɖe amesiwo mewɔ ɖe se sia dzi o ɖa le sɔlemehaa me. Le ƒe 1596 me la, mɔxeɖenua me va sẽ ale gbegbe. Womegaɖea mɔ be woaɖe Biblia gɔme alo ata Italygbe me Biblia aɖeke o. Wodi be woagblẽ Biblia mawo dome.
Le esia ta la, le ƒe alafa 16 lia ƒe nuwuwu megbe la, wodze dzo tɔtɔ Bibliawo le sɔlemexɔwo ƒe ablɔwo dzi. Le ame akpa gãtɔ ƒe susu me la, Ŋɔŋlɔawo zu aglãdzelawo ƒe agbalẽ eye susu ma kpɔtɔ le amewo si kokoko. Wogblẽ Bibliawo kple Biblia me dzrogbalẽ siwo katã nɔ dukɔa kple amewo ƒe agbalẽdzraɖoƒewo la dome eye le ƒe alafa 200 siwo kplɔe ɖo me la, Katolikotɔ aɖeke mekpɔ mɔ aɖe Biblia gɔme ɖe Italygbe me o. Biblia siwo ko wozã le Italy—wozãe le adza me elabena wonɔ vɔvɔ̃m be woava xɔ woawo hã—koe nye esiwo gɔme agbalẽnyala siwo nye Protestanttɔwo ɖe. Eyata ŋutinyaŋlɔla Mario Cignoni gblɔ be: “Ne míagblɔe ŋutɔŋutɔ la, sɔlemeviawo dzudzɔ Biblia xexlẽ kura ƒe alafa geɖe. Biblia va zu agbalẽ aɖe si ame akpa gãtɔ menya o, eye Italytɔ miliɔn geɖe mexlẽ eƒe axa ɖeka kura gɔ̃ hã kpɔ le woƒe agbe me o.”
Wogblo Mɔxeɖenua Me
Emegbe Papa Benedict XIV de se le June 13, 1757, tsɔ trɔ asi le agbalẽ siwo nu wode se ɖo ŋu, “eye wòɖe mɔ be woate ŋu axlẽ Italygbe me Biblia siwo dzi Papa la da asi ɖo eye wota wo le bisiɔpwo ƒe mɔfiafia te.” Le esia ta Antonio Martini, amesi va zu Bisiɔpgã le Florence emegbe la, dzra ɖo heɖe Vulgate Biblia gɔme ɖe Italygbe me. Wota Biblia sia ƒe akpa gbãtɔ le ƒe 1769 me eye wowu egɔmeɖeɖe nu le ƒe 1781 me. Katolikotɔwo ƒe nyatakaka aɖe gblɔ be Martini ƒe gɔmeɖeɖea nye “Italygbe me Biblia gbãtɔ si dze na kafukafu.” Do ŋgɔ na Biblia ma la, Katolikotɔ siwo mese Latingbe o mete ŋu xlẽna Biblia si ŋu sɔlemehaa ɖe mɔ ɖo la dometɔ aɖeke o. Le ƒe 150 siwo kplɔe ɖo me la, Martini ƒe Biblia koe nye esi ŋu woɖe mɔ ɖo na Katolikotɔ siwo nɔ Italy.
Tɔtrɔ ɖedzesi aɖe va le subɔsubɔhawo ƒe aɖaŋudetakpekpe si wowɔ le Vatikan zi evelia le ƒe 1965 me la me. Le ƒe ma me la, wode dzi ƒo zi gbãtɔ le agbalẽ si nye Dei Verbum me be “woaɖe Biblia gɔme nyuie eye wo me nyawo nasɔ pɛpɛpɛ . . . tso ŋɔŋlɔ gbãtɔ siwo nye agbalẽ kɔkɔewo koŋ me ɖe gbe vovovowo me.” Do ŋgɔ vie na ema, le ƒe 1958 me la, Pontificio istituto biblico (Roma Bisiɔpwo ƒe Biblia Srɔ̃suku) ta “Italygbe me Biblia blibo gbãtɔ si gɔme Katolikotɔwo ɖe tso ŋɔŋlɔ gbãtɔawo me.” Mawu ƒe ŋkɔ si woŋlɔ be “Jahve” le Biblia sia ƒe teƒe ʋɛ aɖewo.
Tsitre tsitsi ɖe Italygbe me Bibliawo ŋu gblẽ nu ŋutɔ, eye nusiwo wògblẽ gakpɔtɔ li vaseɖe egbegbe. Abe alesi Gigliola Fragnito gblɔe ene la, ena “xɔsetɔwo mekana ɖe ŋutete si le wo si be woabu tame ahawɔ ɖe woƒe dzitsinya dzi la dzi o.” Gawu la, wozi subɔsubɔ me kɔnyinyiwo ɖe wo dzi, eye Katolikotɔ geɖe tsɔ kɔnyinyi siawo nu veviwoe wu Biblia gɔ̃ hã. Esiawo katã na amewo te ɖa xaa tso Ŋɔŋlɔawo gbɔ togbɔ be ame akpa gãtɔ de suku hã.
Ke hã, Yehowa Ðasefowo ƒe gbeƒãɖeɖedɔa na ame geɖe va tsɔ ɖe le Biblia me fifia le Italy. Le ƒe 1963 me la, Ðasefowo ɖe New World Translation of the Christian Greek Scriptures (Les Écritures grecques chrétiennes—Traduction du monde nouveau) Biblia gɔme ɖe Italygbe me. Le ƒe 1967 me la, wowu Biblia bliboa katã gɔme ɖeɖe nu. Woma esiwo wu 4,000,000 le Italy ɖeɖe dzaa. New World Translation (Traduction du monde nouveau) Biblia si me wogbugbɔ Mawu ƒe ŋkɔ Yehowa ɖo afisiwo wòdze le la ɖe dzesi le alesi wokpɔ ŋɔŋlɔ gbãtɔawo dzi ɖe nyawo gɔme pɛpɛpɛ me.
Yehowa Ðasefowo yina tso aƒeme yi aƒeme va xlẽa Ŋɔŋlɔawo me mɔkpɔkpɔ gbedasia na amesiwo ɖoa to eye woɖea wo me na wo. (Dɔwɔwɔwo 20:20) Ne ègado go Yehowa Ðasefowo ake la, ɖe manyo be nàbia wo ne woafia wò nusiwo wò ŋutɔ wò Biblia gblɔ ku ɖe Mawu ƒe ŋugbedodo wɔnuku sia ŋu oa, si nye be madidi o, Mawu ahe “anyigba yeye” si me “dzɔdzɔenyenye anɔ” vɛ?—Petro II, 3:13.
[Nɔnɔmetata si le axa 13]
Venice
ROME
[Picture Credit Line on page 13]
Axa si dzi Bibliaa ƒe tanya dze le: Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale di Roma
[Nɔnɔmetata si le axa 15]
Brucioli zã Mawu ƒe ŋkɔ Ieova le eƒe Biblia me
[Nɔnɔmetata si le axa 15]
Agbalẽ siwo nu wode se ɖo dometɔ aɖewoe nye Biblia siwo gɔme woɖe ɖe Italygbe me
[Picture Credit Line on page 15]
Brucioli ƒe gɔmeɖeɖea: Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale di Roma; Agbalẽawo ƒe ŋkɔ: Su concessione del Ministero per i Beni e le Attività Culturali