Blema Kpeɖodzi Siwo Li tso Biblia Ƒe Agbalẽ Siwo Dzi Woda Asi Ðo Ŋu

“EDZE abe ɖe woŋlɔ nusiwo le fli ɖesiaɖe dzi la koŋ be wòanyɔ amesiwo tsɔ ɖe le Kristotɔ gbãtɔwo ƒe ŋutinya me la ƒe ɖetsɔleme ene.” Nenema woƒo nu tso blemagbalẽ aɖe ŋui. Ènya agbalẽ si wònyea?

Enye agbalẽ aɖe si ŋkɔ nèse kpɔ, alo ɖewohĩ mèsee kpɔ o, si nye Muratori ƒe Agbalẽ Kakɛ la. Èse eŋkɔ kpɔ loo alo mèsee kpɔ o, ɖewohĩ àbia be: ‘Nukatae míatsi dzi ɖe Muratori ƒe Agbalẽ Kakɛ ma ŋu?’ Eyae nye agbalẽ xoxotɔ kekeake si yɔ agbalẽ siwo dzi woda asi ɖo be wole Kristotɔwo ƒe Hela Ŋɔŋlɔawo me.

Ðewohĩ mètsi dzi be yeanya ne agbalẽ siwo le Biblia me la dometɔ aɖewo nye nyateƒe ŋutɔŋutɔ hã o. Gake ne wogblɔ na wò be ɣeaɖeɣi va yi la, amewo ke ɖi le agbalẽ siwo dze anɔ eme ŋu la, awɔ nuku na wòa? Muratori ƒe Agbalẽ Kakɛa yɔ ŋɔŋlɔ siwo dzi woda asi ɖo be wotso Mawu ƒe gbɔgbɔ me. Àlɔ̃ ɖe edzi be ele vevie ŋutɔ be míanya agbalẽ siwo tututu dze anɔ Biblia me. Ekema nukae agbalẽ kakɛa ɖe fia le agbalẽ siwo ƒo ƒu wɔ Kristotɔwo ƒe Hela Ŋɔŋlɔawo ŋu? Enyo, na míadzro agbalẽ kakɛa ŋutɔ ƒe ŋutinya me vie kpɔ gbã.

Alesi Wowɔ Ke Ðe Eŋu

Muratori ƒe Agbalẽ Kakɛa nye blemasinuŋɔŋlɔgbalẽ aɖe si me agbalẽ ɖeɖee 76 le la ƒe akpa aɖe, eye wo dometɔ ɖesiaɖe didi sentimeta 27, eye wòkeke sentimeta 17. Ludovico Antonio Muratori (si nɔ agbe tso ƒe 1672 vaseɖe ƒe 1750), si nye Italytɔ ŋutinyaŋlɔla xɔŋkɔ aɖee fɔ agbalẽ kakɛa le Ambrose ƒe Agbalẽdzraɖoƒe le Milan, Italy. Muratori ƒo agbalẽ siwo wòfɔ la nu ƒu le ƒe 1740 me, ema tae wotsɔ eƒe ŋkɔ nɛ be Muratori ƒe Agbalẽ Kakɛ. Edze abe ƒe 700-awo mee woŋlɔ blemasinuŋɔŋlɔgbalẽa le mawusubɔsubɔ ƒe saɖagaxɔ si le Bobbio, si te ɖe Piacenza ŋu le Italy ƒe dziehe ene. Ƒe 1600-awo ƒe gɔmedzedzee wotsɔe va da ɖe ​Ambrose ƒe Agbalẽdzraɖoƒea.

Muratori ƒe Agbalẽ Kakɛae nye blemasinuŋɔŋlɔgbalẽa ƒe axa 10 kple 11, eye nya siwo le  eme la le fli 85 dzi. Latingbe mee woŋlɔ nua ɖo, eye edze ƒã be amesi gbugbɔ ŋlɔe la meɖɔ ŋu ɖo tututu o. Gake esi wotsɔe sɔ kple esiwo wogbugbɔ ŋlɔ le ƒe alafa 11 lia kple 12 lia me la, wote ŋu kpɔ vodada siwo nɔ eme.

Ɣekaɣie Woŋlɔe?

Gake ɖewohĩ àbia be ɣekaɣie woŋlɔ nya siwo le Muratori ƒe Agbalẽ Kakɛa dzi zi gbãtɔ hã. Edze abe Helagbe mee woŋlɔe ɖo zi gbãtɔ ene, si nye ƒe alafa geɖe hafi wova ɖe egɔme ɖe Latingbe me heŋlɔe ɖe Agbalẽ Kakɛa dzi. Esia akpe ɖe mía ŋu míanya ɣeyiɣi si woŋlɔe zi gbãtɔ. Agbalẽ Kakɛa yɔ xexemegbalẽ aɖe, si ŋkɔe nye Shepherd, eye wògblɔ be ŋutsu aɖe si ŋkɔe nye Hermas ye ŋlɔe “nyitsɔ laa, le mía ŋɔli, le Roma dugãa me.” Agbalẽnyalawo gblɔ be ƒe 140 kple 155 M.Ŋ. domedomee Hermas wu Shepherd la ŋɔŋlɔ nu. Eyata esi wogblɔ be ƒe 170 kple ƒe 200 M.Ŋ. domedomee woŋlɔ Muratori ƒe Agbalẽ Kakɛ si le Latingbe me la ɖe Helagbe me zi gbãtɔ la, egɔme anya se.

Alesi woyɔ Roma tẽ alo ƒo nu tso nane siwo le afima ŋu ɖee fia be ɖewohĩ afimae woŋlɔe le. Gake womenya amesi tututu ŋlɔe ya o. Amesiwo wosusu be anye woawoe ŋlɔe la dometɔ aɖewoe nye Clement si tso Alexandria, Melito si tso Sardes, kple ​Polycrates si tso Efeso. Gake agbalẽnyala akpa gãtɔ be Hippolytus, si ŋlɔ agbalẽ geɖe ɖe Helagbe me henɔ Roma le ɣeyiɣi si me woanya ƒo Muratori ƒe Agbalẽ Kakɛa me nyawo nu ƒu, lae ŋlɔe. Togbɔ be ɖewohĩ màtsi dzi ɖe ŋutinya sia ŋu boo o hã la, àdi be yeanya nusiwo le Agbalẽ Kakɛa me si na wòle vevie nenema gbegbe ɖo ya.

Emenyawo

Menye agbalẽ siwo le Kristotɔwo ƒe Hela Ŋɔŋlɔawo me ƒe ŋkɔ ɖeɖekoe agbalẽ kakɛa yɔ o. Egagblɔ nya bubuwo tso agbalẽawo kple amesiwo ŋlɔ wo ŋuti. Ne èle asinuŋɔŋlɔgbalẽa xlẽm la, àkpɔe be fli gbãtɔwo bu, eye awɔ na wò be nuxexlẽa tso kpo le nuwuwua. Luka ƒe Nyanyuia ye agbalẽa yɔ gbã, eye egblɔ be ɖɔkta aɖee ŋlɔ Biblia-gbalẽ sia. (Kolosetɔwo 4:14) Egblɔ be Luka ƒe Nyanyuigbalẽae nye etɔ̃lia, eyata àte ŋu akpɔe be akpa siwo bu la anya ƒo nu tso Mateo kple Marko ƒe Nyanyuiawo ŋu. Ne èlɔ̃ ɖe edzi nenema la, ekema àkpɔ kpeɖodzi le Muratori ƒe Agbalẽ Kakɛa me, elabena egblɔ be Nyanyuigbalẽ eneliae nye Yohanes tɔ.

 Agbalẽ Kakɛa ɖo kpe edzi be Luka ye ŋlɔ Apostolowo ƒe Dɔwɔwɔwo ƒe agbalẽa na “amegã Teofil.” (Luka 1:3; Dɔwɔwɔwo 1:1) Azɔ eyi edzi yɔ lɛta siwo apostolo Paulo ŋlɔ na Korintotɔwo (lɛta eve), na Efesotɔwo, na Filipitɔwo, na Kolosetɔwo, na Galatiatɔwo, na Tesalonikatɔwo (lɛta eve), na Romatɔwo, na Filemon, na Tito, kple na Timoteo (lɛta eve). Woyɔ Yuda ƒe lɛtaa kple Yohanes ƒe lɛta eve aɖewo hã be Mawue na woŋlɔ wo. Woyɔ apostolo Yohanes ƒe lɛta gbãtɔa kpe ɖe eƒe Nyanyuia ŋu va yi xoxo. Nyaɖeɖefia ye nye agbalẽ siwo wobu be Mawue na woŋlɔ wo la ƒe mamlɛtɔ si woyɔ.

Enyo be míade dzesii be Agbalẽ Kakɛa yɔ Petro ƒe Nyaɖeɖefia aɖe, gake egblɔ be ame aɖewo bui be mele be Kristotɔwo naxlẽe o. Agbalẽ Kakɛa ŋlɔla xlɔ̃ nu amewo be agbalẽ siwo me nyawo menye nyateƒe o hã do ɣemaɣi. Muratori ƒe Agbalẽ Kakɛa gblɔ be mele be woaxɔ agbalẽ siawo ade eme o, elabena “mesɔ be woatsɔ nu veve atsaka nu vivi o.” Agbalẽ kakɛa yɔ agbalẽ bubu siwo hã mele be woaxɔ ade ŋɔŋlɔ kɔkɔeawo me o. Nusitae nye be woŋlɔ wo le apostoloawo ƒe ɣeyiɣia megbe abe Hermas ƒe Shepherd la ene, alo ɖe woŋlɔ wo be woatsɔ ade aglãdzedze ƒe dzi ƒo.

Ànya de dzesii be womeyɔ lɛta si woŋlɔ na Hebritɔwo, Petro ƒe lɛta eveawo, kple Yakobo tɔwo ŋkɔ le Biblia-gbalẽ vavã siwo dzi woda asi ɖo la dome o. Gake esi agbalẽnyalagã Geoffrey Mark Hahneman lé ŋku ɖe alesi agbalẽa gbugbɔgaŋlɔla wɔ eƒe dɔa memie ŋu la, egblɔ be “esɔ be míabui be Agbalẽ Kakɛa yɔ agbalẽ bubu aɖewo siwo megali fifia o, eye be Yakobo kple Hebritɔwo (kpakple Petro I) hã anya nɔ wo dome.”—The Muratorian Fragment and the Development of the Canon.

Eyata Muratori ƒe Agbalẽ Kakɛa ɖo kpe edzi be agbalẽ siwo le Kristotɔwo ƒe Hela Ŋɔŋlɔawo me egbea dometɔ akpa gãtɔ nye esiwo dzi woda asi ɖo le keke ƒe 100 siwo kplɔ Kristo ɖo la me. Gake menye Biblia-gbalẽwo ƒe ŋkɔ ƒe blemanuŋlɔɖi xoxo aɖe me nɔnɔ ye ana woadze anɔ Biblia me o. Nya siwo le Biblia-gbalẽawo me ŋutɔe ɖo kpe edzi be Mawue to eƒe gbɔgbɔ kɔkɔea dzi na woŋlɔ wo. Wo katã woɖee fia be Yehowa Mawu gbɔe yewotso eye ɖekawɔwɔ blibo le wo dome. Ðekawɔwɔ blibo si le Biblia-gbalẽ 66 siwo dzi woda asi ɖo dome la nye kpeɖodzi be teƒe ɖekae wo katã wotso eye be wode blibo. Eyata wò ŋutɔ dziwò koe wòade be nàlɔ̃ ɖe edzi be wonye Yehowa ƒe Nyateƒenya si wòto eƒe gbɔgbɔ dzi na woŋlɔ, si ta wòkpɔ va de asi na míaƒe ŋkekea.—Tesalonikatɔwo I, 2:13; Timoteo II, 3:16, 17.

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Ludovico Antonio Muratori

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Agbalẽ Kakɛawo: Diritti Biblioteca Ambrosiana. Vietata la riproduzione. Aut. No. F 157/05; Muratori si wota: © 2005 Brown Brothers

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Ambrose Gbalẽdzraɖoƒe

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Muratori ƒe Agbalẽ Kakɛ

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Diritti Biblioteca Ambrosiana. Vietata la riproduzione. Aut. No. F 157/05