Menye Biblia Koe Ðee Fia be Dukɔ aɖe Nɔ Anyi Kpɔ si Woyɔ be Israel O

LE BLEMANUDZRAÐOƑE si le Cairo, Egipte, la, wotsɔ kpe zɔzrɔ̃e wɔ kpememe aɖe si dzi woŋlɔ nu ɖo tsɔ ɖoa ŋku Farao Merneptah ƒe aʋadziɖuɖuwo dzi. Agbalẽnyalawo ƒe akɔntabubuwo ɖee fia be anɔ eme be Ramse II ƒe vi 13 lia sia ɖu fia le ƒe 1212 kple 1202 D.Ŋ.M. dome, si nye ɣeyiɣi si me ʋɔnudrɔ̃lawo nɔ blema Israel dzi ɖum la ƒe nuwuwu lɔƒo. Nya siwo wotsɔ wu nusiwo woŋlɔ ɖe Merneptah ƒe kpememea dzi nui la xlẽ be: “Woha Kanaan nublanuimakpɔmakpɔtɔe. Woxɔ Askalon, woɖe aboyo Gezer, [eye] wotsrɔ̃ Yanoam keŋkeŋ. Wona Israel zu aƒedo, eƒe dzidzime nu yi.”

Nukae “Israel” si woyɔ le afisia la fia? Le Egiptetɔwo ƒe nuŋɔŋlɔwo me la, wowɔa dzesi aɖewo siwo womexlẽna o ɖe nyagbewo gbɔ tsɔ fiaa nusi ƒomevi nyagbeawo tsi tre ɖi na. Agbalẽ si nye The Rise of Ancient Israel ɖe nu me be: ‘Dzesi si wowɔ ɖe ŋkɔnya etɔ̃ gbãtɔawo—Askalon, Gezer, kple Yanoam—gbɔ la ɖee fia be wonye dugãwo. Gake dzesi si wowɔ ɖe Israel ya gbɔ fia be enye dukɔ.’

Nukae nusi woŋlɔ ɖe kpememea dzi la fia? Hershel Shanks, si nye agbalẽmetola kple agbalẽŋlɔla, ɖo eŋu be: “Merneptah ƒe Kpememea ɖee fia be dukɔ si woyɔ be Israel la nɔ anyi le ƒe 1212 D.M.Ŋ. me, eye be menye ɖeko Egipte-fia Farao nya nu tso wo ŋu ko o, ke boŋ eɖu wo dzi hã eye wòsee le eɖokui me be ema nye dada na ye.” William G. Dever, si nye Ɣedzeƒe Nutome blematomenukuku ŋuti nufiala la, gblɔ be: “Merneptah ƒe kpememe la gblɔe na mí kɔte be: Dukɔ aɖe nɔ anyi le Kanaan si yɔa eɖokui be ‘Israel,’ eyata Egiptetɔwo hã yɔe be ‘Israel’—evɔ Egiptetɔwo meka ɖe Biblia dzi o, eye womate ŋu akpa nya tso dukɔ tɔxɛ aɖe abe ‘Israel’ ene ŋu kple susua be yewoatsɔ ado boblo yewo ɖokui dzro ko o.”

Zi gbãtɔ si Israel dze le Biblia me la, enye ŋkɔ si wotsɔ na blemafofo Yakob. Wova yɔ Yakob ƒe vi 12-awo ƒe dzidzimeviwo be “Israel-viwo.” (Mose I, 32:23-29, 33; 35:9, 10) Le ƒe aɖewo megbe la, Mose kple Egipte-fia Farao siaa zã nya “Israel” tsɔ yɔ Yakob ƒe dzidzimevi siawoe. (Mose II, 5:1, 2) To vovo na Biblia la, Merneptah ƒe kpememe lae nye nu xoxotɔ si dzi wògadze le be dukɔ aɖe nɔ anyi kpɔ, si woyɔ be Israel.

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Merneptah ƒe kpememe la

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Egyptian National Museum, Cairo, Egypt/Giraudon/The Bridgeman Art Library

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Dzesi etɔ̃ mamlɛawo (tso miame yi ɖe ɖusime)—si xa la kple ŋutsu kple nyɔnu siwo nɔ anyi la—ɖee fia be Israel-viwo nye amedzrowo