“Nditọete Poland”—Ntak Ẹkekọbọde Mmọ?
“Nditọete Poland”—Ntak Ẹkekọbọde Mmọ?
Ke 1638 ufọkmbet Poland ama anam n̄kpọ idiọk idiọk ye ekpri otu ido ukpono kiet emi ẹkediọn̄ọde nte Nditọete Poland. Ẹma ẹbiat ufọkabasi ye ukwakutom umịn̄n̄wed otu emi. Ẹma ẹberi Ufọkn̄wed Ntaifiọk Raków, ndien ẹma ẹbịn mme prọfesọ ẹmi ẹkekpepde n̄kpọ do ẹsion̄o ke obio.
Isua 20 ke ukperedem, ufọkmbet oro ama anam n̄kpọ kiet en̄wen. Enye ama ọnọ uyo ete kpukpru mme andibuana ke otu oro, emi ekemede ndidi ẹma ẹwak ẹsịm 10,000 m̀mê akande oro, ẹkpọn̄ idụt oro. Idaha oro akasan̄a didie ọdiọk ntre ke idụt emi ẹkedade nte enye emi enyenede ime akan adan̄aoro ke ofụri Europe? Nso ke Nditọete Poland ẹmi ẹkedue emi akanamde ẹnọ mmọ utọ ufen oro?
KPUKPRU ẹmi ẹketọn̄ọ ke ini ọkpọsọn̄ mfịna ekedemerede ke otu Ufọkabasi Calvinist ke Poland. Akpan ntak utọk ekedi ukpepn̄kpọ Abasi-Ita-ke-Kiet. Mme adaiso ke n̄ka mme anam ukpụhọde ke esịt ufọkabasi emi ẹma ẹsịn ukpepn̄kpọ oro nte se mîkemke ye N̄wed Abasi. Emi ama ayat mme adaiso ido ukpono onyụn̄ anam mbon n̄ka mme anam ukpụhọde oro ẹdian̄ade ẹkpọn̄ mmọ.
Mbon Calvinist ẹkekot mbon oro ẹkedian̄arede ẹda mi mbon Arius, * edi mme andibuana ke obufa otu emi ẹkemek ndikot idemmọ mme Christian m̀mê Nditọete Poland. Ẹdiọn̄ọ mmọ n̄ko nte mbon Socinus, ẹkotde ẹdian Laelius Socinus, owo Italy emi okodude ke idak odudu Servetus, emi eyen eyeneka esie oro Faustus Socinus akakade Poland okonyụn̄ akabarede edi ọwọrọiso ke n̄ka oro.
Ke ini oro akamba owo Poland kiet, Jan Sienieński, ama oyom ndinọ obufa ufọkabasi emi se enye okokotde “ndobo ndobo, nsannsan ebiet” ndikọri. Ke adade akpan unen emi edidem Poland ọkọnọde enye anam n̄kpọ, Sienieński ama asiak obio ẹkotde Raków, emi ke ukperedem akakabarede edi iwụk ebiet mbon Socinus ke Poland. Sienieński ama ọnọ nditọisọn̄ Raków ata ediwak ifụre, esịnede ifụre utuakibuot.
Mme anamusọ, mbiaibọk, mme abuakibọk, mbon obio, ye ikpọ owo ẹtode nsio nsio n̄ka ido ukpono ẹma ẹma obufa obio emi. Ke adianade do, mme ọkwọrọikọ ẹma ẹto Poland, Lithuania, Transylvania, France, ye idem England ẹka do. Nte ededi, idịghe kpukpru mbufa mme andibehe ẹmi ẹkenyịme mme edinịm ke akpanikọ mbon Socinus; ntre ke isua ita ẹmi ẹketienede, ọtọn̄ọde ke 1569 esịm 1572, Raków ama akabade edi ebiet ẹnemede anana-utịt nneme ukpepn̄kpọ ido ukpono. Ye nso utịp?
Ufọk Emi Abaharede
N̄ka Socinus ke idemesie ama abahade, mbon oro ẹkenyenede isa isa ekikere ẹma ẹda n̄kan̄ kiet ndien mbon oro ẹkenyenede ukeuke ekikere ẹda n̄kan̄ eken. Nte ededi, kpa ye utọk mmọ, se mmọ ẹkenịmde ke akpanikọ ẹkedi ukem. Mmọ ẹma ẹsịn Abasi-Ita-ke-Kiet; mmọ ẹma ẹsịn edinịm nseknditọ baptism; mmọ ke ofụri ofụri ikakamake n̄kpọekọn̄ ndien ke ediwak idaha ikakamake * N̄ko mmọ ikenyịmeke ke hell edi ebiet ndutụhọ. Ke kpukpru ẹmi, mmọ ẹma ẹfụmi mme ọsọ edinam ido ukpono.
itieutom ukara.Mme ọkwọrọ ederi Calvinist ye Catholic ẹma ẹda ikan̄îkan̄ ukọbọ ẹtiene otu emi, edi mme asan̄autom Socinus ẹma ẹda ediyọ ido ukpono, emi utọ ndidem Poland nte Sigismund II Augustus ye Stephen Báthory ẹkesịnde udọn̄ ẹnọ, ndikpep mme ekikere mmọ.
N̄wọrọnda Utom Budny
Edikabade Bible mbon Calvinist, emi ẹkekamade ntatara ntatara ini oro, ikoyụhọke udọn̄ ediwak mme andikot. Owo ikakabakede enye ito mme akpasarade usem, edi ẹkekabade ẹto Vulgate eke usem Latin ye edikabade usem French eke ukem ini oro. N̄wed kiet ọdọhọ ete: “Ke ntak ido uwet n̄wed, ẹma ẹduọk edinam akpanikọ ye nnennen ekikere.” Ẹma ẹyak ediwak ndudue ẹbe ẹdụk. Ke ntre, ẹma ẹkot Szymon Budny, eyen ukpepn̄kpọ oro ẹketịmde ẹdiọn̄ọ, ndinen̄ede mme edikabade oro. Enye ama ebiere ete ke eyedi mmemmem ndisio ata obufa edikabade akan ndinen̄ede akani oro. Budny ama ọtọn̄ọ edikabade oro ke n̄kpọ nte 1567.
Ke ini akakabarede, Budny ama etịm odụn̄ọde kpukpru ikọ ye mbiet mmọ ke usụn̄ emi akanam owo ndomokiet mînamke ke Poland. Ke ebiet emi uwetn̄kpọ Hebrew ọkọsọn̄de ndikabade, enye ama owụt ata ata edikabade ke mme ikọ ẹwetde ke mben n̄wed. Ke ini ekedide se ẹyomde, enye ama esitịbi mbufa ikọ onyụn̄ odomo ndida mmemmem, ọsọ usem Polish eke eyo esie. Uduak esie ekedi ndinọ mme andikot edikabade Bible emi edide akpanikọ onyụn̄ enende.
Ẹkesio ofụri Bible oro Budny akakabarede ke 1572. Nte ededi, mme andisio n̄wed emi ẹma ẹyụrọde nte enye akakabarede N̄wed Abasi Usem Greek. Ye unana edikop mmemidem, Budny ama ọtọn̄ọ ndinam edifiak n̄kabade, emi enye okokụrede isua iba ke ukperedem. Ediye usụn̄ emi Budny akakabarede N̄wed Abasi Usem Greek ama ọfọn akan mme edikabade usem Polish ẹmi ẹkebemde iso ẹdu. Adianade do, enye ama afiak esịn enyịn̄ Abasi, Jehovah, ke ediwak itie.
Ke utịt utịt ọyọhọ isua ikie 16 esịm isua 30 eke ọyọhọ isua ikie 17, Raków, ọwọrọetop ibuot obio n̄ka oro, ama akabade edi iwụk ebiet ido ukpono ye akwaifiọk. Mme adausụn̄ ye mme ewetn̄wed Nditọete Poland ẹkesimịn̄ mme tract mmọ ye mme n̄wed eken do.
Mmọ Ẹma Ẹsịn Udọn̄ Ẹnọ Ukpepn̄wed
Utom usion̄o n̄wed Nditọete Poland ọkọtọn̄ọ ndinyene odudu ke n̄kpọ nte 1600 ke ini ẹketọn̄ọde itieutom umịn̄n̄wed ke Raków. Itieutom umịn̄n̄wed oro ama ekeme ndimịn̄ ikpọ ye n̄kpri n̄wed ke nsio nsio usem. Nte iwụk ebiet umịn̄n̄wed, ikebịghike Raków ama akabade edi ukem ye mfọnn̄kan itie umịn̄n̄wed ke Europe. Ẹnịm ke akpanikọ ẹte ke ẹma ẹmịn̄ n̄kpọ nte n̄wed 200 ke ukwakutom umịn̄n̄wed oro ke isua 40 ẹmi ẹketienede. Ufọkutom unam babru oro okodude ekpere, eke Nditọete Poland, ama esinọ ata nti babru ndida mmịn̄ mme n̄wed ẹmi.
Ikebịghike Nditọete Poland ẹma ẹkụt ke oyom inọ mbon ido ukpono mmimọ, ye mbon efen, ukpep. Ke ntak oro, ẹma ẹtọn̄ọ Ufọkn̄wed Ntaifiọk Raków ke 1602. Nditọiren nditọete Poland, ọkọrọ ye nditọiren mbon Catholic ye Protestant, ẹma ẹsika ukpepn̄kpọ do. Okposụkedi ufọkn̄wed ntaifiọk oro ekedide ufọkn̄wed ukpepn̄kpọ ido ukpono, idịghe ido ukpono kpọt ke ẹkesikpep. Ndutịm ukpepn̄kpọ oro ama esịne n̄ko ukpepn̄kpọ aban̄ade esen usem, ido, ndutịm uforo, mbụkeset, ibet, mbufiọk utịn̄ikọ, ukpepn̄kpọ obot, ibat, ibọkusọbọ, ye ukpep odudu. Ufọkn̄wed ntaifiọk oro ama enyene akamba itie ubon n̄wed, emi ẹkekade-ka iso nditat, ye un̄wam otode itie umịn̄n̄wed n̄kann̄kụk oro.
Nte ọyọhọ isua ikie 17 akasan̄ade aka iso, eketie nte ke Nditọete Poland ẹyeka iso ndiforo. Edi, oro ikedịghe ntre.
Ufọkabasi ye Ukara Ẹbiọn̄ọ
Zbigniew Ogonowski eke Ufọkn̄wed Ntaifiọk Poland anam an̄wan̄a ete: “Ke utịt isua 30 ke ọyọhọ isua ikie 17, idaha mbon Arius ke Poland ama ọtọn̄ọ nditahade usọp usọp.” Emi okoto n̄kaiso ubiọn̄ọ mme ọkwọrọ ederi Catholic. Mme ọkwọrọ ederi ẹma ẹda kpukpru usụn̄ ẹmi mmọ ẹkekemede, esịnede edidọk ye ebiari, ndibiat John II Casimir Vasa, kpasụk ntre ẹma ẹnọ Ufọkabasi Catholic ibetedem ke ndibiọn̄ọ Nditọete Poland.
enyịn̄ Nditọete Poland ẹmi. Ukpụhọde idaha ukaraidem ke Poland ama anam en̄wan emi edi mmemmem. Obufa edidem Poland, Sigismund III Vasa, ekedi asua Nditọete Poland. Mme andida itie esie, akpan akpanIdaha emi ama ada ekesịm edori ikọ oro nte ke ediwak nditọ ufọkn̄wed Raków ẹkokoi ẹsịn cross ke ndek. N̄kpọntịbe emi ama akabade edi se ẹkedade nte isọn̄ ndisobo ibuot obio Nditọete Poland. Ẹma ẹdori andinyene Raków ikọ ke ufọkmbet ẹte ke ‘asuan idiọkido’ ke ndinọ Ufọkn̄wed Ntaifiọk ye itie umịn̄n̄wed Raków un̄wam. Ẹma ẹdori Nditọete Poland ikọ ẹte ke mmọ ẹbuana ke edinam ubiat ukara, ẹbuana ke mme ebeubọk edinam, ẹnyụn̄ ẹdu oburobụt uwem. Ufọkmbet ama ebiere ete ẹberi Ufọkn̄wed Ntaifiọk Raków ẹnyụn̄ ẹwụri itie umịn̄n̄wed ye ufọkabasi Nditọete Poland. Ẹma ẹnọ mme andibuana ewụhọ ẹte ẹkpọn̄ obio. Ẹma ẹbịn mme prọfesọ ufọkn̄wed oro ẹsion̄o ke idụt oro ndien ndifiak n̄ka do ediwọrọ n̄kpa. Ndusụk Nditọete Poland ẹma ẹwọn̄ọ ẹka mme ebiet ẹmi ifụre odude, nte Silesia ye Slovakia.
Ke 1658 ufọkmbet ama ọnọ ewụhọ ete Nditọete Poland ẹnyam inyene mmọ ẹnyụn̄ ẹwọn̄ọ ẹka esenidụt ke ufan̄ isua ita. Ke ukperedem, ẹma ẹsịbe ini oro edi isua iba. Ẹkenyene ndiwot owo ekededi oro akakade iso ndikpep ukpepn̄kpọ mmọ ke oro ebede.
Ndusụk mbon Socinus ẹma ẹnam idụn̄ ke Netherlands, kpa ebiet emi mmọ ẹkekade iso ke utom umịn̄n̄wed mmọ. Esop kiet ama odu ke Transylvania tutu esịm ntọn̄ọ ntọn̄ọ ọyọhọ isua ikie 18. Ke mme mbono esop mmọ, ẹmi ẹkesinịmde ikata ke urua, mmọ ẹma ẹsikwọ ikwọ itoro, ẹkpan̄ utọn̄ ẹnọ ukwọrọikọ, ẹnyụn̄ ẹkot catechism ẹmi ẹketịmde ndinam mme ukpepn̄kpọ mmọ ẹn̄wan̄a. Man ẹkpeme edisana idaha eke esop, ẹma ẹsinọ mme ekemmọ andinịm ke akpanikọ edinen̄ede, ẹnọ item, ẹnyụn̄ ẹsio ẹfep, edieke edide se ẹyomde.
Nditọete Poland ẹkedi nditọ ukpepn̄kpọ Ikọ Abasi. Mmọ ẹma ẹfiọhọ mme ọsọn̄urua akpanikọ, ẹnyụn̄ ẹbuana mmọ ye mbon en̄wen ye unana edimen̄e. Nte ededi, ke akpatre, mmọ ẹma ẹsuana ẹyọhọ ofụri Europe ama onyụn̄ etetịm edi ọkpọsọn̄ n̄kpọ mmọ ndimụm edidianakiet mmọ n̄kama. Nte ini akade, Nditọete Poland ẹma ẹsop ofụri ofụri.
[Mme Ikọ idakisọn̄]
^ ikp. 5 Arius (250-336 E.N.) ekedi oku Alexandria emi akafan̄ade nte ke Jesus ekpri akan Ete. Esop Nicaea ama esịn ekikere esie ke 325 E.N.—Se Awake!, June 22, 1989, page 27.
^ ikp. 9 Se Awake!, November 22, 1988, page 19, “The Socinians—Why Did They Reject the Trinity?” (Mbon Socinus—Ntak Emi Mmọ Ẹkesịnde Abasi-Ita-ke-Kiet?)
[Ndise ke page 23]
Ufọk ekenyenede ọkwọrọikọ Socinus
[Mme ndise ke page 23]
Enyọn̄ enyọn̄: Raków mfịn; ufọkidụn̄ n̄ka mọn̄k oro ẹketọn̄ọde ke 1650 ndisọhi n̄kpọ ekededi aban̄ade “ekikere Arius” mfep odu ke n̄kan̄ ubọk nnasia; isọn̄ isọn̄: Itie emi ke ọkwọrọ ederi Catholic okowụk cross ndida ntọn̄ọ en̄wan ye Nditọete Poland
[Ebiet Ẹdade Ndise Ẹto ke page 21]
Kad ibuotikọ Biblia nieświeska eke Szymon Budny, 1572