Ekedi Afanikọn̄ Ndikabade Bible Nsịn Ke Usem Italian

“BIBLE edi kiet ke otu n̄wed oro ẹsuande ẹkan ke idụt nnyịn [Italy], edi etie nte enye ke mme owo mînen̄ekede ikot. Owo isịnke udọn̄ inọ mbon Catholic ndifiọk Bible m̀mê ndikot enye nte Ikọ Abasi. Odu mbon oro ẹyomde ndifiọk Bible, edi ediwak ini owo isidụhe ndikpep mmọ.”

Otu mme Bishop Italy ẹketịn̄ ikọ oro ke 1995, ndien enye edemerede ediwak mbụme. Owo ifan̄ ẹkesikot Bible ke Italy ke ediwak isua ikie emi ẹkebede? Ntak emi ediwak owo mîkenyeneke Bible ke Italy nte ẹkenyenede ke mme idụt en̄wen? Ntak emi ediwak owo mîsụk ikotke Bible ke Italy? Ndidụn̄ọde nte ẹkekabarede mme nsiondi Bible usem Italian ọyọbọrọ mme mbụme emi.

Ata ediwak isua ẹma ẹbe mbemiso mme usem mbon Rome nte French, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish, ye ntre ntre eken, ẹkewọrọde ẹto Latin. Ke nsio nsio idụt Europe oro akpasarade usem mmọ ekedide Latin, mme owo ẹma ẹtọn̄ọ ndima usem oro mme usụhọde owo ẹkesisemde, ẹnyụn̄ ẹkam ẹda mmọ ẹwet mme n̄wed. Mbufa usem oro ẹma ẹtụk utom edikabade Bible. Didie? Nte ini akakade, usem Latin oro ẹkesisemde ke Ufọkabasi Catholic, ama enen̄ede okpụhọde ye nsio nsio ọsọ usem oro mme usụhọde owo ẹkesisemde, ntre mbon oro mîkakaha n̄wed ikokopke aba usem Latin.

Etisịm isua 1000, enyene ndidi ama ọsọn̄ ekese mme andidụn̄ isuo Italy ndikot Vulgate usem Latin, idem edieke mmọ ẹkpekekemede ndidep idem Bible emi kiet nnyene. Ufọkabasi Catholic akakara ufọkn̄wed ke ata ediwak isua, onyụn̄ emek se ẹkekpepde ke ibat ibat ufọkn̄wed ntaifiọk oro ẹkedude. Nditọ ikpọ owo kpọt ẹkesika n̄wed. Ntre, Bible ama akabade edi “n̄wed oro owo mîfiọkke.” Kpa ye oro, ama ọdọn̄ ediwak owo ndinyene Ikọ Abasi ke usem emana mmọ nnyụn̄ mfiọk se isịnede ke esịt.

Mme ọkwọrọ ederi ikayakke ẹkabarede Bible, sia ẹkekerede ke emi ayanam inua-okot isio ukpepn̄kpọ atara. Ewetmbụk eset oro Massimo Firpo ọkọdọhọ ‘ke ndikabade Bible nsịn ke ọsọ usem idiyakke mme oku kpọt ẹnyene odudu ke mme n̄kpọ ẹban̄ade ido ukpono.’ Ntem, ido obio, ido ukpono, ye mme mfịna eken ke n̄kaowo ẹdi ntak oro mme owo mîfiọkke Bible ke Italy tutu esịm emi.

Akpa Ubak Edikabade Bible

Akpa ini oro ẹkekabarede ndusụk ikpehe Bible ke usem Latin ẹsịn ke ọsọ usem eken ke Italy ekedi ke ọyọhọ isua ikie 13. Ẹkeda ubọk ẹwet, ndien mmọ ẹma ẹnen̄ede ẹsọn̄ urua. Sia ẹma  ẹkenyene ediwak edikabade Bible ke ọyọhọ isua ikie 14, ẹma ẹkpere ndisio ofụri Bible ke ọsọ usem Italian, okposụkedi nsio nsio owo ẹketiede ke nsio nsio ebiet ẹkabarede nsio nsio ikpehe Bible ke nsio nsio ini. Mme andikabade emi ikewetke enyịn̄ mmọ ke Bible oro mmọ ẹkekabarede, ndien mbon inyene m̀mê mme ọfiọkn̄wed ẹma ẹdep ekese Bible emi, sia mmọ kpọt ẹkenyene okụk ndidep. Idem ke ini ukwak umịn̄n̄wed akanamde urua umịn̄n̄wed osụhọrede, ewetmbụk eset oro Gigliola Fragnito, ọdọhọ ke “ibat ibat owo kpọt ẹkenyene” Bible.

Ata ediwak owo ikọfiọkke n̄wed ke ata ediwak isua. Idem ke ini oro ẹkediande Italy ọtọkiet ke isua 1861, n̄kpọ nte owo 75 ke otu kpukpru owo 100 ke Italy ikọfiọkke n̄wed. Edi ke ini obufa ukara Italy okoyomde ndinam uka-n̄wed edi ke mfọn onyụn̄ edi amama ye mûmaha-ma, Pope Pius IX ama ewet n̄wed ọnọ Edidem Italy ke isua 1870 ọdọhọ enye okûyak ẹnam utọ ibet oro. Enye ọkọdọhọ ke uka-n̄wed mfọn edi “ata idiọkn̄kpọ” oro ẹnamde man “ẹtre ufọkn̄wed Catholic ofụri ofụri.”

Akpa Ofụri Bible ke Usem Italian

Ẹkemịn̄ akpa ofụri Bible ke usem Italian ke Venice ke isua 1471, ke n̄kpọ nte isua 16 ẹma ẹkebe tọn̄ọ ẹketọn̄ọ ndida ukwak umịn̄n̄wed oro ẹtan̄de-tan̄ mme abisi ẹdọn̄ mmịn̄ n̄wed ke Europe. Nicolò Malerbi emi ekedide owo n̄ka mọn̄k eke Camaldoli, akada ọfiọn̄ itiaita akabarede esiemmọ. Enye ekenen̄erede eberi edem ke mme edikabade oro ẹkedude, ada Vulgate usem Latin anam utom esie, onyụn̄ ada ndusụk ikọ oro ẹsitịn̄de ke edem mmọ, Venetia, okpụhọ ye mbon oro mmọ mîsitịn̄ke. Edikabade esie ekedi akpa Bible usem Italian oro ẹkenen̄erede ẹsuan.

Owo efen emi okosiode Bible ke Venice ekedi Antonio Brucioli. Enye ekedi andikpep n̄kpọ mban̄a edu uwem owo, onyụn̄ ama edu uwem mbon Protestant, edi enye ikọkpọn̄ke Ufọkabasi Catholic. Ke isua 1532, Brucioli ama ada akpasarade usem Hebrew ye Greek akabarede Bible. Emi ekedi akpa Bible oro ẹkekabarede ke akpasarade usem Bible ẹsịn ke usem Italian. Okposụkedi owo mîkadaha ata ndinem ikọ Italian ikabarede enye, ke ikerede iban̄a udomo ifiọk oro mme owo ẹkenyenede ini oro ẹban̄a akpasarade usem Bible, nnyịn imokụt ke ẹma ẹnen̄ede ẹkabarede Bible emi ketket ẹtiene akpasarade usem Bible. Brucioli ama ọdọn̄ enyịn̄ Abasi emi, “Ieova,” ke ndusụk itie ke edikabade esie. Mbon Italy oro ẹkedide mbon Protestant emi mîkamaha edinam Catholic ẹma ẹnen̄ede ẹma Bible Brucioli ke se ikperede isua ikie.

Ndusụk mbon Catholic ẹma ẹsio mme edikabade efen—emi ke nditịm ntịn̄ ẹkedide edifiak nnen̄ede Bible emi Brucioli okosiode. Owo ikenen̄ekede isuan mme Bible emi. Ke isua 1607, Giovanni Diodati, emi ekedide pastọ Calvinist, emi ete ye eka esie ẹkefen̄ede ẹka Switzerland mbak ẹdikọbọ mmọ, ama etie ke Geneva akabarede Bible ke akpasarade usem Bible esịn ke usem Italian. Bible emi ke mbon Italy oro ẹdide mbon Protestant ẹkekama ke ediwak isua ikie. Edieke idade enyịn ini oro ẹkesiode enye ise, enye ekedi ata eti Bible usem Italian. Bible Diodati ama anam mbon Italy ẹfiọk se Bible ekpepde. Edi mme ọkwọrọ ederi ikayakke ẹsuan Bible emi ye mme edikabade efen.

Bible—“N̄wed Oro Owo Mîfiọkke”

Enciclopedia Cattolica ọdọhọ ete: “Ufọkabasi omokụt ete ke imetịn̄ enyịn kpukpru ini ikpeme utọ n̄wed oro mme owo ẹsion̄ode, edi idem mbemiso ẹkesion̄ode ukwak umịn̄n̄wed ẹdi, Ufọkabasi ekekere ke ufọn ikodụhe ndiwet enyịn̄ mme n̄wed oro ẹkpande sia ẹma ẹkefọp kpukpru n̄wed oro ẹkedade nte ndiọi n̄wed.” Idem ke ntọn̄ọ ntọn̄ọ ini Edinam Ukpụhọde Mbon Protestant, mme ọkwọrọ ederi ke nsio nsio idụt Europe ẹma ẹsịn ofụri ukeme ndikụt ke owo ikasuanke mme n̄wed oro mmọ ẹkedade nte se idisịnde udọn̄ inọ isio ukpepn̄kpọ. Nte ededi, n̄kpọ ama enen̄ede okpụhọrede ke mbono Esop Trent oro ẹkedụkde ke isua 1546, emi ẹkenemede m̀mê odot ndiyak ẹkabade Bible ẹsịn ke mme ọsọ usem m̀mê idotke. Mme andidụk mbono oro ẹkenyene ekikere iba. Mbon oro mîkamaha ẹkabarede Bible ẹsịn ke mme ọsọ usem ẹkedọhọ ke mme ọsọ usem “ẹkedi ntak kpukpru isio  ukpepn̄kpọ.” Mbon eken ẹkedọhọ ke edieke mmimọ mîyakke ẹkabarede Bible ẹsịn ke mme ọsọ usem, ke “mme asua” mmimọ, oro edi mbon Protestant, ẹyedọhọ ke enyene “n̄kari ye nsunsu ukpepn̄kpọ oro Ufọkabasi Catholic odomode ndidịp,” emi anamde mmimọ mîyakke ẹkabarede Bible ẹsịn ke mme ọsọ usem.

Sia mbono oro mîkenyeneke ibuot, Esop oro ikanamke ubiere ndomokiet ke n̄kpọ emi, ke mîbọhọke ndinyịme ke edikabade Vulgate usem Latin enen, anamde enye akabade edi akpan Bible oro Ufọkabasi Catholic akakamade. Nte ededi, Carlo Buzzetti, andikpep ke Ufọkn̄wed Ntaifiọk Pope eke Sales ke Rome, ọdọhọ ke ndidọhọ ke Vulgate usem Latin “enen” “ọsọn̄ọ ke enye ke ẹkenen̄ede ẹda nte n̄kukụre eti Bible.” Se iketịbede nte ini akakade ọsọn̄ọ emi.

Ke isua 1559, Pope Paul IV ama osio n̄wed oro ẹwetde kpukpru n̄wed oro Ufọkabasi Catholic mîkenyịmeke mme owo ẹkot, ẹnyam, ẹkabade, m̀mê ẹnyene. Ẹkeda mme n̄wed emi nte ndiọi n̄kpọ oro ẹkemede ndibiat mbuọtidem ye eti edu uwem owo. N̄wed emi Pope Paul IV okosiode mi ọkọdọhọ owo okûkot Bible oro ẹkekabarede ẹsịn ke ọsọ usem, esịnede eke Brucioli. Ẹma ẹsio mbon oro ẹkebiatde ibet emi ẹfep ke ufọkabasi. Ibet oro ẹkenamde ke isua 1596 ẹban̄a orụk n̄wed oro mîkpanaha owo okot ama akam ọsọn̄ odudu akan eke isua 1559. Owo ikọnọhọ owo ekededi aba odudu ndikabade Bible m̀mê ndimịn̄ Bible ke ọsọ usem. Ẹkenyene ndifọp mme utọ Bible oro.

Nte utịp, ọtọn̄ọde ke ọyọhọ isua ikie 17, ẹma ẹsifọp Bible kpukpru ini ke an̄wa ufọkabasi. Emi ama anam mme owo ẹkere ke N̄wed Abasi edi n̄wed isio ukpepn̄kpọ, ndien mme owo ke ẹnyenyene utọ ekikere oro tutu mfịn emi. Ẹma ẹkpere ndifọp kpukpru Bible ye mme n̄wed usiakikọ Bible oro mme owo ẹkenyenede ye mbon oro ẹkenịmde ke mme itie ubon n̄wed obio, ndien ke isua ikie 200 oro ẹketienede, owo Catholic ndomokiet ikakabakede Bible isịn ke usem Italian. N̄kukụre Bible oro ẹkesidịbede ẹsuan ke isuo Italy—mbak ufọkabasi ẹdibọ ẹfọp—ekedi mbon oro nditọ ukpepn̄kpọ Protestant ẹkekabarede. Oro anam Mario Cignoni, ewetmbụk eset, ọdọhọ ete: “Ke nditịm ntịn̄, mme usụhọde owo ikokotke aba Bible ke ediwak isua ikie. Bible ama akabade edi n̄wed oro owo mîfiọkke, ndien ata ediwak mbon Italy ikotke page ndomokiet ke Bible ke ofụri eyouwem mmọ.”

Ukpan Etehede Ube

Nte ededi, ke ini ẹkefiakde ẹsio n̄wed oro ẹwụtde utọ n̄wed oro owo mîkpokotke ke June 13, 1757, Pope Benedict XIV, ama anam  ibet oro okpụhọrede akpa ibet oro ẹkenamde. Ndien emi ama anam “ẹkeme ndikot Bible oro ẹkekabarede ẹsịn ke ọsọ usem, amakam edi Ndisana Owo ẹnyịme, n̄ko edieke edide ẹkesio enye ke idak ndausụn̄ mme bishop.” Emi ama anam Antonio Martini, emi akakabarede edi akwa bishop ke Florence, eben̄e idem ndikabade Vulgate usem Latin. Ẹkesio akpa ikpehe ke isua 1769, edi ẹkekabarede enye ẹma ke isua 1781. N̄wed Catholic kiet ọdọhọ ke edikabade Martini ekedi “akpa Bible usem Italian oro odotde itoro.” Mbemiso ini oro, mbon Catholic oro mîkọfiọkke usem Latin ikekemeke ndikot Bible oro ufọkabasi ekenyịmede mme owo ẹkot. Ke ufan̄ isua 150, Bible oro Martini akakabarede ekedi n̄kukụre Bible oro ẹkenyịmede mbon Catholic emi ẹsemde usem Italian ẹkot.

Ẹma ẹnam n̄wọrọnda ukpụhọde ke ọyọhọ mbono iba oro mme bishop Catholic ke ofụri ererimbot ẹkedụkde ke Vatican. Isua 1965 ekedi akpa ini oro n̄wed emi Dei Verbum ekesịnde udọn̄ ọnọ mme owo “ndida, akpan akpan, akpasarade edisana N̄wed Abasi n̄kabade Bible ata nnennen nnennen . . . nsịn ke nsio nsio usem.” Esisịt ini mbemiso ini oro, ke isua 1958, Pontificio istituto biblico (Pontifical Biblical Institute) ama osio “akpa ofụri Bible Catholic oro ẹkekabarede ẹto akpasarade usem Bible.” Edikabade emi ama ewet enyịn̄ Abasi nte “Jahve,” ke ndusụk ebiet oro enyịn̄ emi okodude ke akpasarade uwetn̄kpọ.

Usụn̄ oro ẹkebiọn̄ọde edikabade Bible nsịn ke mme ọsọ usem ama ada ata idiọk utịp edi, ndien mme utịp ubiọn̄ọ oro ẹsụk ẹdodu. Gigliola Fragnito ọdọhọ ke ubiọn̄ọ oro “amanam mme andinịm ke akpanikọ ẹkere ke mmimọ ikemeke ndikere n̄kpọ ke idem mmimọ, inyụn̄ ikemeke nditiene ubieresịt mmimọ.” Ke adianade do, emi amaman nsio nsio edinam ido ukpono, ndien ediwak mbon Catholic ẹkam ẹkpono mme edinam emi ẹkan Bible. Kpukpru emi ẹnam mme owo ẹnụk N̄wed Abasi ẹnịm n̄kan̄ kiet, okposụkedi ekperede ndidi kpukpru owo ẹkeme ndikot n̄wed idahaemi.

Nte ededi, utom ukwọrọikọ oro Mme Ntiense Jehovah ẹnamde amanam mme owo ẹtọn̄ọ ndinyene udọn̄ ke Bible usem Italian. Ke 1963, Mme Ntiense Jehovah ẹma ẹsio N̄wed Abasi Christian Usem Greek—Edikabade eke Obufa Ererimbot ke usem Italian. Ke 1967, ẹma ẹsio ofụri edikabade emi ke usem Italian. Ẹsuan se iwakde ibe idem Bible emi 4,000,000 ke Italy ikpọn̄. Edikabade eke Obufa Ererimbot emi esịn enyịn̄ Abasi, Jehovah, ke nnennen itie emi enye ọkọdọn̄ọde ke akpasarade uwetn̄kpọ Bible. Bible emi n̄ko enen̄ede okpụhọde ye mme Bible eken sia ẹnen̄erede ẹkabarede enye ketket ẹtiene akpasarade uwetn̄kpọ Bible.

Mme Ntiense Jehovah ẹsan̄a ke ufọk ke ufọk, ẹkot ẹnyụn̄ ẹnam kpukpru mbon oro ẹmade ndikpan̄ utọn̄ ẹfiọk etop N̄wed Abasi oro ọnọde owo idotenyịn. (Utom 20:20) Ama afiak osobo Mme Ntiense Jehovah, dọhọ mmọ ẹwụt fi se Bible fo etịn̄de aban̄a utịbe utịbe un̄wọn̄ọ oro Abasi ọn̄wọn̄ọde ke iyọsọp inam ‘isọn̄ emi edi obufa,’ kpa ebiet emi “edinen ido [edidụn̄de].”—2 Peter 3:13.

[Ndise obio ke page 13]

(Ama oyom ndikụt nte enye enen̄erede etie, se n̄wed)

Venice

ROME

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Bible oro Brucioli akakabarede ewet enyịn̄ Abasi nte Ieova

[Ndise ke page 15]

N̄wed oro ẹkewetde utọ n̄wed oro owo mîkpokotke akabat edikabade Bible nsịn ke mme ọsọ usem nte ata idiọkn̄kpọ

[Ebiet Ẹdade Ndise Ẹto ke page 13]

Page enyịn̄ Bible: Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale di Roma

[Ebiet Ẹdade Ndise Ẹto ke page 15]

Edikabade Brucioli: Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale di Roma; Index: Su concessione del Ministero per i Beni e le Attività Culturali