Se Mme Ewetn̄wed Eset Ẹkenamde ye Ikọ Abasi

ẸKEWET N̄wed Abasi Usem Hebrew ẹkụre ke utịt ọyọhọ isua ikie ition M.E.N. Ke ediwak isua oro ẹketienede, nditọ ukpepn̄kpọ Jew, akpan akpan mme Sopherim, ndien ke oro ebede, mme Masorete, ẹma ẹtịm ẹkpeme N̄wed Abasi Usem Hebrew. Nte ededi, ẹkewet mme n̄wed Bible emi ẹbịghide ẹkan ke eyo Moses ye Joshua, n̄kpọ nte isua tọsịn kiet mbemiso eyo mme Sopherim. Ẹkewet mmọ ke ikpan̄wed emi ẹsisọpde ẹbiara; ntre anaedi ẹma ẹsision̄o mmọ ẹwet ke mme ikpan̄wed en̄wen ediwak ini. Utom mme ewetn̄wed eketie didie ke eyo eset oro? Nte nta mme osion̄o n̄wed n̄wet ẹma ẹdu ke Israel eset?

Ikpan̄wed Inyan̄ Inụn̄, emi ẹkewetde ke ọyọhọ isua ikie iba ye ikie ita M.E.N. edi mbịghi-n̄kan uwetn̄kpọ Bible emi ẹsụk ẹdude. Prọfesọ Alan R. Milliard, emi ekpepde n̄kpọ aban̄a usem ye udọk isọn̄ nyom n̄kpọ eset ke Ufọt Ufọt Edem Usiakutịn ọdọhọ ete: “Nnyịn inyeneke akpasarade uwetn̄kpọ ikpehe Bible ekededi.” Enye adian do ete: “Ido unam n̄kpọ mme owo ke mbọhọ oro ekeme ndiwụt se mme ewetn̄wed ẹkesinamde, ndien utọ ifiọk oro ekeme ndin̄wam nnyịn idụn̄ọde N̄wed Abasi Usem Hebrew ye mbụk aban̄ade enye.”

Nte Nta Mme Ewetn̄wed Ẹketọn̄ọde

Ke isua tọsịn inan̄ emi ẹkebede, ẹma ẹsiwet mme n̄wed mbụkeset, n̄wed ido ukpono, n̄wed ibet, ye n̄wed ufọkn̄wed ke Mesopotamia. Ufọkn̄wed unọ nta mme ewetn̄wed ukpep ẹma ẹnen̄ede ẹwak, ndien akpan ukpepn̄kpọ kiet emi mmọ ẹkekpepde ekedi ndision̄o se ikesịnede ke akpasarade uwetn̄kpọ n̄wet nnennen nnennen. Nditọ ukpepn̄kpọ eyomfịn ẹkụt ata esisịt ukpụhọde ke uwetn̄kpọ mbon Babylon, emi ẹma ẹkesion̄o ẹwet ediwak ini, ke isua tọsịn kiet m̀mê se ikande oro ẹma ẹkebe.

Idịghe ke Mesopotamia kpọt ke ẹkesiwet n̄wed. N̄wed oro The Oxford Encyclopedia of Archaeology in the Near East ọdọhọ ete: “Ata ewetn̄wed otode Babylon, emi okodude uwem ke iduọk isua 1500 MEN, ekpekemehe ye nte ẹnamde n̄kpọ ke mme ufọkn̄wed unọ nta mme ewetn̄wed ukpep ekededi emi ẹkedude ke Mesopotamia, Syria, Canaan, ye ke Egypt n̄ko.” *

Utom uwet n̄wed ama ọwọrọ etop ke Egypt, ke eyo Moses. Mme ewetn̄wed ẹma ẹsision̄o mme n̄wed ẹwet kpukpru ini. Ẹwet ẹban̄a utọ utom ntre ke mme n̄kpọ emi ẹkekapde ke mme itiat udi ke Egypt, emi ẹbịghide ẹbe isua tọsịn  inan̄ idahaemi. N̄wed ofụri orụk ifiọk emi ẹkotde ẹsịn ke enyọn̄ emi etịn̄ aban̄a mme ewetn̄wed emi ẹkedude ke ntọn̄ọ ntọn̄ọ ini oro ete: “Etisịm ọyọhọ tọsịn isua iba MEN, ẹma ẹwet ediwak n̄wed ẹban̄a akwa ntatenyịn emi okodude ke Mesopotamia ye Egypt, ẹnyụn̄ ẹnịm ibet emi ọbọpde nta mme ewetn̄wed.”

“Ibet” emi ama esịne ndisisịn idiọn̄ọ ke itiatn̄wed. Idiọn̄ọ emi ama esisịne enyịn̄ andiwet n̄wed ye andinyene itiatn̄wed, usenọfiọn̄, akpasarade uwetn̄kpọ emi ẹkesion̄ode n̄kpọ ẹwet ke itiatn̄wed oro, ibat udịmikọ emi odude ke n̄wed oro, ye mme n̄kpọ ntre. Ewetn̄wed esiwak ndidian do ete: “Ẹma ẹtịm ẹwet n̄wed emi, ẹnyụn̄ ẹmen ẹdomo ye akpasarade uwetn̄kpọ.” Mme n̄kpọ emi ẹwụt ke mme osion̄o n̄wed eset ẹma ẹsiyom se mmọ ẹkewetde edi ata nnennen.

Prọfesọ Milliard, emi ẹkekotde ẹto ke mbemiso, ọdọhọ ete: “Ẹkeme ndikụt ke mme osion̄o n̄wed n̄wet ẹma ẹnam edi ido mmọ ndisitịm ndụn̄ọde utom mmọ nnyụn̄ nnam edinen̄ede mbak ndudue edidu. Mme Masorete emi ẹkedude uwem ke Ntọn̄ọ Ntọn̄ọ Eyo Ntatenyịn ẹma ẹsitiene ẹnam ntre n̄ko, akpan akpan ndisibat mme udịmikọ ye mme ikọ emi ẹdude ke n̄wed.” Ntem nditịn̄ enyịn n̄wet n̄kpọ nte enende ama akabade edi ido ke eyo Moses ye Joshua, ke Ufọt Ufọt Edem Usiahautịn.

Nte nditọ Israel n̄ko ẹma ẹnyene nti mme osion̄o n̄wed n̄wet? Nso ke Bible ke idemesie owụt kaban̄a emi?

Mme Ewetn̄wed ke Israel Eset

Moses ọkọkọri okpon ke ufọk Pharaoh. (Exodus 2:10; Utom 7:21, 22) Mme ekpepn̄kpọ mban̄a Egypt eset ẹdọhọ ke ana edi ukpep oro Moses ọkọbọde ama esịne ndikot nnyụn̄ n̄wet usem Egypt, ye ke nsụhọde n̄kaha, ndusụk usọ mme ewetn̄wed. Prọfesọ James K. Hoffmeier ọdọhọ ke n̄wed esie oro ẹkotde Israel in Egypt, ete: “Uyarade odu ndisọn̄ọ ikọ Bible emi owụtde ke Moses ama enyene ukeme ndiwet se iketịbede, ndiwet mbụk usụn̄ isan̄, ye mme n̄kpọntịbe eken.” *

 Bible etịn̄ aban̄a mbon en̄wen emi ẹkenyenede usọ uwetn̄wed ke Israel eset. N̄wed oro, The Cambridge History of the Bible ọdọhọ ke Moses “ama emek mme adaidaha emi ẹfiọkde n̄wed . . . ete ẹwet mme ubiere emi ẹkenamde, ye ndutịm n̄ka emi ẹkesiakde.” Se inamde ẹtịn̄ emi edi se idude ke Deuteronomy 1:15, emi ọdọhọde ete: “Ndien [ami, Moses] nda ikpọ owo mme esien mbufo . . . nnịm mmọ ke mbọn̄ mbufo, mme etubom mme tọsịn, ye mme etubom mme ikie, ye mme etubom mme aba ye duop, ye mme etubom mme duop, ye mme andidaha owo [m̀mê, mme adaidaha] ke mme esien mbufo.” Mmanie ẹkedi mme adaidaha emi?

Ikọ Hebrew emi ẹkabarede “adaidaha” odu ediwak ini ke mme itien̄wed Bible emi ẹtịn̄de n̄kpọ ẹban̄a eyo Moses ye Joshua. Ediwak nditọ ukpepn̄kpọ ẹdọhọ ke ikọ emi ọwọrọ “ewetn̄wed,” “owo emi ‘ewetde’ n̄kpọ m̀mê ntọt,” ye “adaidaha emi ewetde n̄wed ọnọ ebiereikpe.” Ikọ Hebrew emi ndidu ediwak ini owụt ke utọ mme ewetn̄wed emi ẹma ẹwak ke Israel, ẹnyụn̄ ẹnyene ekese ifetutom ke ntọn̄ọ ntọn̄ọ ukara idụt oro.

Ọyọhọ uwụtn̄kpọ ita enyene n̄kpọ ndinam ye mme oku ke Israel. Encyclopaedia Judaica ọdọhọ ke “akana mme oku ẹnyene ifiọkn̄wed ke ntak utom emi mmọ ẹkenyenede ndinam ke ndutịm ido ukpono ye eke obio.” Ke uwụtn̄kpọ, Moses eketeme nditọ Levi ete: “Ke utịt isua itiaba, . . . mbufo ẹnyene ndikot ibet emi ke iso ofụri Israel.” Mme oku ẹma ẹkabade ẹdi mme andise n̄kpọ mban̄a n̄wed Ibet. Mmọ ẹma ẹsinọ unyịme ẹnyụn̄ ẹse ẹban̄a edifiak nsion̄o ibet n̄wet.—Deuteronomy 17:18, 19; 31:10, 11.

Kere ban̄a nte ẹkewetde akpasarade n̄wed Ibet. Ke akpatre ọfiọn̄ oro Moses okodude uwem, enye ama ọdọhọ nditọ Israel ete: “Ndien ama ekem ke usen emi mbufo ẹdibede Jordan ẹdụk ke isọn̄ emi Jehovah Abasi fo ọnọde fi, wụk ikpọ itiat ke idem fo, nyụn̄ top mmọ ndom: ndien wet kpukpru ikọ mbet emi sịn ke esịt.” (Deuteronomy 27:1-4) Ke nditọ Israel ẹma ẹkesobo Jericho ye Ai, mmọ ẹma ẹsop idem ke Obot Ebal, emi odude ke ufọt Isọn̄ Un̄wọn̄ọ. Joshua ama ‘ọtọn̄ọ ntak ewet mbet Moses’ do ke itiat itieuwa. (Joshua 8:30-32) Owo ikpewetke mme n̄kpọ emi edieke mme ewetn̄wed ye mme andikot mîkpodụhe. Emi owụt ke nditọ Israel eset ẹma ẹnyene ukeme ye usọ nditịm n̄wet ndisana uwetn̄kpọ mmọ nnịm nnennen nnennen.

Nte N̄wed Abasi Enende

Ke eyo Moses ye Joshua ẹma ẹkebe, ẹma ẹwet mme nsio nsio ikpan̄wed Usem Hebrew eken, ẹnyụn̄ ẹsion̄o mmọ ẹwet ke ubọk. Akana ẹfiak ẹsion̄o mme n̄wed emi ẹwet ke ikpan̄wed en̄wen ke ini mmọ ẹketahade m̀mê ke ini mfụt akabiatde mmọ. Ẹma ẹka iso ẹnam emi ke ediwak isua ikie.

Okposụkedi mme osion̄o n̄wed Bible n̄wet ẹketịmde ẹtịn̄ enyịn, mmọ ẹma ẹsinam ndudue. Edi nte ndudue emi mme osion̄o n̄wed n̄wet ẹkenamde ẹma ẹnen̄ede ẹkpụhọde etop Bible? Baba. Ke ofụri ofụri, mme ndudue emi ikawakke ikonyụn̄ ikemeke ndikpụhọde akpanikọ emi odude ke Bible, nte edinen̄ede ndụn̄ọde n̄kani uwetn̄kpọ eset owụtde.

Nte Jesus Christ ekesede mme n̄wed Bible usem Hebrew ọsọn̄ọ ọnọ mme Christian nte ke Edisana N̄wed Abasi enen. Mme utọ ikọ nte “Nte mbufo ikokotke ke n̄wed Moses?” ye “Nte Moses ikọnọhọ mbufo ibet?” ẹwụt ke Jesus ama ada mme n̄wed emi ẹkesion̄ode ẹwet ke ubọk, emi ẹkedude ke adan̄aemi enye okodude ke isọn̄, nte se ẹkemede ndiberi edem. (Mark 12:26; John 7:19) N̄ko-n̄ko, Jesus ama ọsọn̄ọ ke ofụri N̄wed Abasi usem Hebrew enen ke ini enye ọkọdọhọde ete: “Ana kpukpru se ẹkewetde ẹban̄a Mi ke ibet Moses ye mme Prọfet ye mme Psalm ẹsu.”—Luke 24:44.

Mmọdo, odot inịm ke ẹma ẹtịm ẹsion̄o Edisana N̄wed Abasi ẹwet nte enende toto ke eset. Onyụn̄ edi nte prọfet Isaiah akadade odudu spirit Abasi ewet ete: “Mbiet amasat, ediye ikọn̄ onyụn̄ akpa: edi ikọ Abasi nnyịn ayada ke nsinsi.”—Isaiah 40:8.

[Mme Ikọ idakisọn̄]

[Ndise ke page 18]

Ewetn̄wed emi edide eyen Egypt ke ewet n̄wed

[Ndise ke page 19]

Ẹkewet mme n̄wed Bible emi ẹbịghide ẹkan ke eyo Moses