Nte Ido Mbon Greece Ẹketụkde Akpa Mme Christian

ATA ekese mbon oro akpa mme Christian ẹkekwọrọde ikọ ẹnọ ẹkesisem usem Greek. N̄wed Abasi oro mmọ ẹkedade ẹsọn̄ọ se ẹkpepde ẹban̄a Jesus okodu ke usem Greek. Ke ini spirit Abasi akanamde mme owo ẹwet n̄wed Matthew esịm Ediyarade, oro ẹdiọn̄ọde idahaemi nte N̄wed Abasi Christian Usem Greek, ekese mmọ ẹkeda usem Greek ẹwet. Mmọ ẹkewet se idisọpde in̄wan̄a mbon oro ẹkemehede ye ido mbon Greece. Edi Jesus ikedịghe eyen Greece, mme apostle esie m̀mê owo ekededi oro eketienede ewet N̄wed Abasi Christian Usem Greek ikonyụn̄ itoho Greece. Kpukpru mmọ ẹkedi mme Jew.—Rome 3:1, 2.

Usem Greek akasan̄a didie ọwọrọ etop ntre tutu edi se ẹdade ẹsuan etop Ido Ukpono Christ? Didie ke akpa mme Christian oro ẹketienede ẹwet N̄wed Abasi mi ye mme isụn̄utom ẹkekeme ndikwọrọ ikọ ke usụn̄ oro enemde mbon oro ẹkesemde usem Greek? Ndien nso ufọn ke emi enyene ọnọ nnyịn mfịn?

 Se Ikanamde Ediwak Owo Ẹdu Uwem nte Mbon Greece

Akwa Alexander ama akan Persia n̄kpọ nte isua 2400 emi ẹkebede, onyụn̄ eben̄e idem ndikan mme idụt en̄wen. Enye ye ndidem oro ẹkedade itie esie ẹma ẹnam mme owo ẹtọn̄ọ ndisem usem Greek ẹnyụn̄ ẹdu uwem nte mbon Greece man ẹnam nsio nsio orụk oro ẹkedụn̄ọde ke Obio Ukara Greece ẹdiana kiet.

Idem ke mbon Rome ẹma ẹkekan Greece ẹnyụn̄ ẹbọ mmọ ukara, ediwak idụt ke n̄kann̄kụk oro ikọkpọn̄ke ido uwem nditọ Greece. Ke n̄kpọ nte isua 2100 oro ẹkebede, n̄kpisọn̄ Rome ẹma ẹnen̄ede ẹma n̄kpọ mbon Greece—utom usọ mmọ, ifiọk ubọpn̄kpọ mmọ, mme n̄wed ye ukpepn̄kpọ mmọ—tutu anam Horace emi ekedide ewetuto ọdọhọ ete: “Mbon Greece ẹkabade ẹkara mme andikara mmọ.”

Mme owo ke ikpọ obio ke ofụri Asia Minor, Syria, ye Egypt, ẹkenen̄ede ẹdu uwem nte mbon Greece ke ini ukara Rome. Sia mbon Greece ẹkedide mbon ntatenyịn, kpukpru owo ẹma ẹma ido uwem mmọ, ọtọn̄ọde ke nte mmọ ẹkekarade ukara, ibet mmọ, ye ndutịm unyamurua mmọ, usiakifia mmọ, ye nte mmọ ẹkekamade idem. Ufọk usịn̄ede idem ẹma ẹdu ke ekese ikpọ obio Greece, kpa ebiet emi n̄kparawa ẹkesikade ẹkekpep usịn̄edeidem. Akwa ufọkmbre emi mbon Greece ẹkesisiode mbre ama odu n̄ko.

Emil Schürer, emi edide ewetmbụk ọdọhọ ete: “Mme Jew ẹma ẹtọn̄ọ ndikpebe ido mbon Greece mmen̄e mmen̄e.” Ke ntọn̄ọ ntọn̄ọ, ifịk oro mme Jew ẹkenyenede ke ido ukpono mmọ ama anam mmọ ẹn̄wana ẹbiọn̄ọ edinam ukpono ndem ekededi oro akasan̄ade ye ido uwem mbon Greece, edi nte ini akakade, mmọ ẹma ẹtọn̄ọ ndinen̄ede ndu uwem nte mbon Greece. Kamse, idịghe Schürer ọdọhọ ke “mbon Greece ẹkeyọyọhọ kpukpru ebiet oro mme Jew ẹkedụn̄ọde, ndien mbubehe ama esinam mmọ ẹsisobo kpukpru ini.”

Ufọn Septuagint

Nte ediwak mme Jew ẹkesuanade ẹyọhọ ofụri ikpehe Mediterranean, mmọ ẹma ẹkụt ke ido uwem mbon Greece ama ọdọn̄ n̄kam ke mme obio oro, ye nte ke ẹkesem usem Greek do. Mme Jew emi ẹma ẹka iso ẹkpono Abasi mmọ, ẹsinyụn̄ ẹka Jerusalem ke isua ke isua ẹkedụk usọrọ ido ukpono mmọ. Nte ini akakade, ediwak mmọ ikekemeke aba ndisem usem Hebrew. * Ntre, ama oyom ẹkabade N̄wed Abasi Usem Hebrew ẹsịn ke usem Greek oro ekese owo ẹkesemde ini oro. Mme Jew oro ẹkefiọkde n̄wed oro etiede nte ẹkedụn̄ọ ke Alexandria, kpa akpan obio Egypt—emi ediwak owo do ẹkedude uwem nte mbon Greece—ẹma ẹtọn̄ọ ndikabade N̄wed Abasi Usem Hebrew nsịn ke usem Greek ke n̄kpọ nte isua 280 M.E.N. Se ẹkotde Septuagint edi oro.

Ẹkot Septuagint emi ata n̄wọrọnda N̄wed Abasi! Enye akanam mbon n̄kan̄ Edem Usoputịn ererimbot ẹfiọk N̄wed Abasi Usem Hebrew. Ke mîkpedịghe Septuagint, ata ediwak owo ikpọfiọkke baba n̄kpọ kiet iban̄a se Abasi akanamde ye Israel, sia ibat ibat owo kpọt ẹkediọn̄ọ usem Hebrew oro ẹkewetde enye, ndien owo ikponyụn̄ ikemeke ndida enye n̄kwọrọ ikọ ke ofụri ererimbot. Ke akpanikọ, Septuagint ama anam ekeme ndisuan ifiọk Jehovah Abasi nnọ ediwak orụk ke ererimbot. Usem Greek ekedi mfọnn̄kan usem ndida n̄kwọrọ Ikọ Abasi ke ererimbot sia ediwak idụt ẹkesisem usem Greek ini oro.

 Mme Okpono Abasi ke Ido Mme Jew ye Mme Abak-Abasi

Mme Jew ẹma ẹkabade ediwak n̄wed mmọ ẹsịn ke usem Greek ke n̄kpọ nte isua 2200 emi ẹkebede, ẹnyụn̄ ẹwet mbufa n̄wed nnennen nnennen ke usem Greek. Emi ama anam ẹkeme ndisuan mbụk nditọ Israel ye ido ukpono mmọ nnọ mme Gentile. Mme ewetmbụk eset ẹdọhọ ke ediwak mme Gentile “ẹma ẹtọn̄ọ ndisịk n̄kpere mme Jew, ẹtiene ẹbuana ke mme edinam ido ukpono mmọ, ẹsinyụn̄ ẹnen̄ede ẹnịm mbet mmọ ndusụk ini.”—The History of the Jewish People in the Age of Jesus Christ.

Ndusụk mme Gentile ẹma ẹnam n̄kọri tutu ẹkabade ẹbuana ke Ido Ukpono Mme Jew ẹnyụn̄ ẹnyịme ndina mbobi. Mmọ eken ẹma ẹnyịme ndusụk n̄kpọ ke Ido Ukpono Mme Jew, edi imaha ndidụk ido ukpono emi. Ẹkesikot mmọ “mme abak-Abasi” ke mme n̄wed Greece. Ẹkekot Cornelius “owo emi eten̄ede Abasi onyụn̄ abakde Abasi.” Apostle Paul ama osobo ye ediwak mbon oro ẹkebakde Abasi, emi ẹkediande idem ye mme Jew ke ofụri Asia Minor ye Greece. Ke uwụtn̄kpọ, ke Antioch emi odude ke Pisidia, enye okokot mbon oro ẹkedude ke synagogue “nditọ Israel ye mbufo eken emi ẹbakde Abasi.”—Utom 10:2; 13:16, 26; 17:4; 18:4.

Ntre, etisịm ini emi mme mbet Jesus ẹtọn̄ọde ndikwọrọ eti mbụk nnọ mme Jew oro mîkodụn̄ọke ke Judea, ido mbon Greece ama adadia ediwak mmọ idem. Nte n̄kpọ eketiede do ama anam Ido Ukpono Christ ọkọri. Ke ini mme mbet ẹkedide ẹdikụt ke Abasi ọnọ mme Gentile idotenyịn edinyan̄a n̄ko, mmọ ẹma ẹdifiọk ke Abasi ada kpukpru owo ukem ukem, edide owo “Jew m̀mê Greek.”—Galatia 3:28.

Ndikwọrọ Ikọ Nnọ Mbon Greece

Ndiọi uwem mbon idụt ye nsunsu ido ukpono mmọ ikayakke mme Jew oro ẹkedide akpa mme Christian ẹsọp ẹyak mme Gentile ẹdụk esop Christian. Edi ke ini mmọ ẹkedide ẹdifiọk ke Abasi adara mme Gentile, mme apostle ye mbiowo ke Jerusalem ẹma ẹnam an̄wan̄a ke mme Gentile oro ẹkekabarede ẹdi Christian ẹkenyene ndibet iyịp, ntre use ye ukpono ndem. (Utom 15:29) Owo ekededi oro okodude uwem nte mbon Greece ekenyene ndinam emi sia “esuene esuene udọn̄ idan̄” ye idan̄ ukemuduot ẹkedi ọsọ ke Obio Ukara Rome emi mme owo ẹkedude uwem nte mbon Greece. Mme Christian ikodụhe utọ uwem oro.—Rome 1:26, 27; 1 Corinth 6:9, 10.

Idụhe isụn̄utom Ido Ukpono Christ oro ọkọwọrọde etop ukwọrọikọ ke Greece ke eyo mme apostle nte Paul. Tutu esịm mfịn emi, mbon oro ẹkade Athens ke Greece ẹsikụt itiatn̄wed anade ke mben Obot Areopagus, emi etide mme owo ọwọrọetop ukwọrọikọ oro Paul ọkọkwọrọde ke obio oro. Ukwọrọikọ emi odu ke n̄wed Utom Mme Apostle ibuot 17. Paul ọkọtọn̄ọ utịn̄ikọ esie ye ikọ emi, “Mbio Athens,” nte nditọ Greek ẹkesitọn̄ọde utịn̄ikọ mmọ. Ke akpanikọ, emi ama anam mme owo—emi ẹkesịnede mme anditiene Epicurus ye mbon akwaifiọk Stoic—ẹnen̄ede ẹkpan̄ utọn̄. Utu ke ndiyat esịt ye mmọ m̀mê nditịn̄ n̄kpọ mbiat ido ukpono mmọ, Paul ama odomo nditie ufan ufan ye mmọ, ọdọhọ ke imọfiọk ke mmọ ẹnen̄ede ẹsịn idem ke n̄kpọ abasi. Enye ama etịn̄ n̄kpọ aban̄a itieuwa mmọ oro ẹdọhọde ke “Enyene Abasi Emi Owo Mîfiọkke,” onyụn̄ ọdọhọ ke Abasi emi mmọ mîfiọkke mi ke imọ idi ndisian mmọ.—Utom 17:16-23.

Paul eketịn̄ se mbon oro ẹkekopde ikọ esie ẹma ẹkenenịm. Mbon akwaifiọk Stoic ẹma ẹnịm ke Abasi ọnọ owo uwem, ke ofụri ubonowo ẹketo owo kiet ẹwọrọ, ke Abasi iyomke usụn̄ ikpọn̄ nnyịn, ye nte ke mîkpedịghe Abasi, nnyịn ikpodụhe uwem. Paul akada uto Aratus (Phaenomena) ye Cleanthes (Hymn to Zeus), emi ẹkedide  mbon akwaifiọk Stoic, ọsọn̄ọ akpatre ikọ esie. Mme anditiene Epicurus n̄ko ẹma ẹkụt ke Paul etiene enịm se mmimọ inịmde ke akpanikọ—oro edi, nte ke Abasi do, ye nte ke ẹkeme ndifiọk enye, ke Abasi inanake baba n̄kpọ kiet, iyomke un̄wam ito owo ndomokiet, inyụn̄ idụn̄ke ke mme temple eke ẹdade ubọk ẹnam.

Ikọ Paul ama an̄wan̄a mme owo. Ke akpanikọ, n̄wed kiet ọdọhọ ke mbon akwaifiọk Greece ẹma ẹsitiene ẹtịn̄ mme orụk ikọ nte, “Ererimbot (kosmos ke usem Greek),” “nditọ,” ye “Abasi.” (Utom 17:24-29) Idịghe nte ke Paul akasiak mmọn̄ ke akpanikọ man mmọ ẹkabade esịt. Kamse, mmọ ikenịmke ediset ke n̄kpa ye ubiomikpe oro Paul eketịn̄de ke akpatre. Kpa ye oro, enye ama ada mbufiọk ebuen etop esie ke usụn̄ oro edinemde mbon akwaifiọk oro ẹkekopde ikọ esie.

Paul ekewet ekese ke otu mme leta esie ọnọ mme esop ke Greece m̀mê ke mme ikpehe Obio Ukara Rome, emi ido uwem mbon Greece ama akadia idem. Paul akada ọwọrọetop usem Greek ewet mme leta esie udọn udọn, etịn̄ ikọ onyụn̄ ada mme n̄kpọ oro mme owo ẹkemehede ke Greece ọnọ uwụtn̄kpọ. Ke uwụtn̄kpọ, enye ama etịn̄ aban̄a mme mbre, se esinọde andikan, anditeme oro esidade eyenọwọn̄ aka n̄wed, ye ekese n̄kpọ en̄wen oro ẹkeban̄ade ido uwem mbon Greece. (1 Corinth 9:24-27; Galatia 3:24, 25) Okposụkedi Paul akamade ndida mme ikọ Greek n̄kwọrọ ikọ, enye ama enen̄ede asua obukpo ido mbon Greece ye ido ukpono mmọ.

Ndikabade Ndi Kpukpru N̄kpọ Nnọ Kpukpru Orụk Owo

Apostle Paul ama ọfiọk ke ana imọ ‘ikabade idi kpukpru n̄kpọ inọ kpukpru orụk owo’ man ikeme ndikwọrọ eti mbụk inọ mmọ. Enye ekewet ete: “Mma n̄kabade ntie nte owo Jew nnọ mme Jew, man n̄kpanyan̄a mme Jew.” Enye ama adian do ete ke ima inyụn̄ ikabade itie nte owo Greece inọ mbon Greece man ikpan̄wam mmọ ẹfiọk uduak Abasi. Paul ama enen̄ede odot ndinam oro sia enye ekedide eyen Jew oro okodude ke obio oro ido mbon Greece ọkọdọn̄de n̄kam. Se kpukpru Christian eyomfịn ẹkpenamde edi oro.—1 Corinth 9:20-23.

Mfịn, ediwak miliọn owo ẹsiwọrọ idụn̄ ẹnyụn̄ ẹkekụt nsio nsio usụn̄ oro mme owo ẹdude uwem. Emi odori akamba mbiomo ke ibuot mme Christian oro ẹdomode ndikwọrọ eti mbụk Obio Ubọn̄ Abasi nnyụn̄ nnam se Jesus okowụkde ete “ẹka ẹkenam mme owo ke kpukpru idụt ẹdi mbet” imọ. (Matthew 24:14; 28:19) Mmọ ẹsikụt ke eti mbụk esisọp odụk owo esịt ke ini ẹkwọrọde enye ke usem emana owo, mme owo ẹsinyụn̄ ẹsọp ẹkpan̄ utọn̄.

Ntak edi oro ẹsiode magazine emi, Enyọn̄-Ukpeme Ọnọ Ntọt Obio Ubọn̄ Jehovah kpukpru ọfiọn̄ ke usem 169, ye nsan̄a esie Awake! ke usem 81. Ke adianade do, Mme Ntiense Jehovah ẹnen̄ede ẹsịn ifịk ẹkpep usem en̄wen—esịnede n̄kpọsọn̄ usem nte Arabic, Chinese, ye Russian—man ẹkeme ndikwọrọ eti mbụk nnọ isenowo oro ẹwọrọde ẹdidụn̄ ke edem mmọ. Se ikanamde mme Christian eyo mme apostle ẹsịn ifịk ẹkwọrọ ikọ anam Mme Ntiense Jehovah ẹsịn ifịk ẹkwọrọ ikọ n̄ko mfịn. Apostle Paul etịn̄ se inamde mmọ ẹnam emi ediye ediye ete: “Mma n̄kabade ndi kpukpru n̄kpọ nnọ kpukpru orụk owo, man ke usụn̄ ekededi n̄kpanyan̄a ndusụk mmọ.”—1 Corinth 9:22.

[Ikọ Idakisọn̄]

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(Ama oyom ndikụt nte enye enen̄erede etie, se n̄wed)

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INYAN̄ MEDITERRANEAN

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“Septuagint” ama anam ẹkeme ndisuan ifiọk Jehovah ke eyo mme apostle

[Ebiet Ẹdade N̄kpọ Ẹto]

Israel Antiquities Authority

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Itiatn̄wed oro etide owo ukwọrọikọ Paul ke Areopagus