Mmọ Ẹma Ẹma Ikọ Abasi

ẸSIKABAREDE akpan etop ẹsịn ke ediwak usem man ediwak owo ẹkeme ndikot. Akpan etop ọdọn̄ọ ke Bible emi edide Ikọ Abasi. Okposụkedi emi edide enen̄ede ebịghi ẹkewet Bible, ẹkewet enye “ndida nnọ nnyịn item” ye ndọn̄esịt man inyene idotenyịn.—Rome 15:4.

Mmọdo, sia Bible ọdọn̄ọde akakan etop oro akanam ẹwetde, akpana ẹkabade enye ẹsịn ke ediwak usem. Mme owo ẹmedomo ke ofụri emana ndikabade Bible kpa ye oro mmọ ẹsidọn̄ọde ukara ẹsinyụn̄ ẹfịnade mmọ, m̀mê ẹsinyụn̄ ẹyomde ndiwot mmọ. Ntak emi mmọ mîtreke ndikabade Bible? Koro mmọ ẹma ẹma Ikọ Abasi. Ẹyak ibụk ata esisịt ke otu mme n̄wọrọnda mbụk oro ẹban̄ade edikabade Bible.

“Ibet Christ Edinen̄ede An̄wan̄a Mbon England ke Ikọmbakara”

Ke ini John Wycliffe akamanade ke n̄kpọ nte 1330, ẹkesida Latin ẹnịm ederi ke England. Edi mme owo ẹkesitịn̄ Ikọmbakara. Mmọ ẹkesineme nneme ye mme mbọhọidụn̄ mmọ ke Ikọmbakara ẹnyụn̄ ẹbọn̄ akam ẹnọ Abasi ke Ikọmbakara.

Wycliffe, emi ekedide oku Catholic, ama enen̄ede ọfiọk usem Latin. Edi enye ekekere ke ifọnke ndida usem Latin, emi enye akadade nte usem mme ọfiọkn̄wed, n̄kpep mme owo N̄wed Abasi. Enye ekewet ete: “Akpana ẹkpep Bible ke usem oro ọsọpde an̄wan̄a owo sia enye edide Ikọ Abasi.” Mmọdo, Wycliffe ye mme nsan̄a esie ẹma ẹtịm otu man ẹkabade Bible ẹsịn ke Ikọmbakara. Akada n̄kpọ nte isua 20 ndikabade Bible nsịn ke Ikọmbakara.

Ufọkabasi Catholic ikamaha ẹkabarede Bible ẹsịn ke Ikọmbakara. N̄wed oro The  Mysteries of the Vatican etịn̄ ntak emi Ufọkabasi Catholic mîkamaha ete: “Emi ama anam mbon ufọkabasi ẹda nte Catholic ẹkpepde n̄kpọ ẹdomo ye mmemmem usụn̄ oro akpa mme Christian ẹkesidude uwem ẹnyụn̄ ẹkpepde n̄kpọ . . . Ukpụhọde oro okodude ke ufọt ukpepn̄kpọ Christ ye eke [pope], emi ọdọhọde ke idi udiana Christ ama enen̄ede okpon, kpukpru owo ẹnyụn̄ ẹkụt.”

Pope Gregory XI ama obiom Wycliffe ikpe ke n̄kpọ ition. Edi ọbọn̄ mbon ikọdọn̄ke utọn̄ do. Wycliffe ọkọbọrọ ete: “Ibet Christ edinen̄ede an̄wan̄a mbon England ke Ikọmbakara. Ẹketịn̄ ibet Abasi ẹnọ Moses ke usem emana esie, kpasụk ntre ke ekedi ye mme apostle Christ.” Ke n̄kpọ nte 1382, esisịt ini mbemiso Wycliffe akakpade, otu mme akabade n̄wed Wycliffe ẹma ẹsio akpa ofụri Bible Ikọmbakara. Ke n̄kpọ nte isua duop ẹma ẹkebe, kiet ke otu nsan̄a esie ama afiak akabade Bible emi, onyụn̄ osio enye emi ekenen̄erede emem ndikot.

Sia ukwak umịn̄n̄wed mîkodụhe kan̄a ini oro, mmọ ẹkenyene nditịn̄ enyịn nda ubọk nsion̄o akpakịp ikpan̄wed emi n̄wet, emi ama ekeme ndida ọfiọn̄ duop! Idem ama enyek Ufọkabasi Catholic ke mme owo ẹyenyene Bible emi tutu akwa bishop ọdọhọ ke ẹyebịn owo ekededi oro okotde Bible emi ẹfep ke ufọkabasi. Ke isua 40 ẹma ẹkebe tọn̄ọ Wycliffe akakpa, Pope ye ikpọ owo ufọkabasi eken ẹma ẹdọhọ ẹdọk okpo esie ẹfọp ẹduọk ntọn̄ ke Akpa Swift. Kpa ye oro, mbon oro ẹmade akpanikọ ẹkesụk ẹkokot Bible Wycliffe. Prọfesọ William M. Blackburn ọkọdọhọ ete: “Ẹma ẹwet ẹnyụn̄ ẹsuan anana-ibat Bible Wycliffe tutu esịm mme emana en̄wen.”

Bible Mbon Emi Mîfiọkke N̄wed

Ke ufan̄ isua 200, mme owo iketịn̄ke aba utọ Ikọmbakara emi Wycliffe akadade akabade Bible. Ama enen̄ede abiak akparawa kiet emi ekedide ọkwọrọikọ ke mbọhọ Bristol ndifiọk ke Bible ikan̄wan̄ake ata ediwak owo. Akparawa oro ekekere William Tyndale. Usen kiet, enye ama okop nte ọfiọkn̄wed owo ọdọhọde ke akpakam ọfọn ibet Abasi etre ndidu akan ibet pope nditre ndidu. Tyndale ama ọdọhọ enye ke edieke Abasi enịmde imọ uwem, ke imọ iyanam idem owo emi mîfiọkke n̄wed ọfiọk Bible akan enye.

Wycliffe ama akabade Vulgate usem Latin esịn ke Ikọmbakara, onyụn̄ ada ubọk osion̄o N̄wed Abasi ewet. Ke 1524, Tyndale ama ọkpọn̄ England okodụn̄ ke Germany, ọtọn̄ọ ndikabade Bible nnennen nnennen ke usem Hebrew ye Greek nsịn ke Ikọmbakara, onyụn̄ ekpe mme emịn̄n̄wed ke Cologne ete ẹmịn̄ ediwak ẹnọ imọ. Ikebịghike, mme asua esie ẹma ẹkop etop Bible emi, ẹnyụn̄ ẹkpek Ufọkmbet Obio Cologne ẹte ẹbọ kpukpru Bible oro.

Tyndale ama efehe aka Worms ke Germany onyụn̄ aka iso ke utom esie. Ikebịghike, ẹma ẹdịbe ẹda N̄wed Abasi Usem Greek oro Tyndale akakabarede esịn ke Ikọmbakara ẹka England. Ẹma ẹnyam ata ediwak ke ufan̄  ọfiọn̄ itiokiet tutu mme bishop Catholic ẹsọsọp ẹsop idem ẹnyụn̄ ẹnọ uyo ẹte ẹfọp Bible oro.

Bishop London ama ọdọhọ Sir Thomas More ewet n̄kpọ abiat Tyndale man etre mme owo ndikot Bible ye inua-okot isio ukpepn̄kpọ Tyndale. Se ikenen̄erede ibiak More ekedi emi Tyndale ekewetde “esop” utu ke “ufọkabasi,” onyụn̄ ewet “ebiowo” utu ke “oku,” ke Bible esie. Ikọ emi ama anam mme owo ẹfiọk ke pope inyeneke odudu nte mmọ ẹkekerede, ye nte ke ikpanaha ukpụhọde odu ke ufọt mme ọkwọrọ ederi ye mbon ufọkabasi eken. Thomas More ikonyụn̄ imaha nte Tyndale akakabarede ikọ Greek oro a·gaʹpe nte “ima” utu ke “mfọn.” N̄wed oro If God Spare My Life ọdọhọ ke “emi n̄ko ikọfọnke ye Ufọkabasi Catholic, koro emi idiyakke mme owo ẹnọ aba ikpọ enọ ke ufọkabasi, ẹnọ owo indulgence [owo ndikpe okụk man pope anam owo ọwọrọ ke purgatory] ye mbon ufọkabasi ndinam ufọkabasi adia akpa mmọ man mmọ ẹkpeka heaven ẹma ẹkpa.”

Thomas More ọkọtọn̄ọ edifọp “mme ekpep isio ukpepn̄kpọ,” ndien emi ama anam ẹyịri Tyndale ke eto ẹfọp ke October 1536. Ẹma ẹbịghi enye Thomas More ke idemesie ibuot ke ini enye mîkedịghe aba ama ye edidem. Edi ke 1935, Ufọkabasi Roman Catholic ẹma ẹbat enye ẹsịn ke otu ndisana owo, ndien ke 2000, Pope John Paul II ama ọdọhọ ke enye edi edisana owo emi edide ibetedem mme ebre mbre ukara.

Owo ikọnọhọ Tyndale utọ ukpono oro. Nte ededi, mbemiso Tyndale akakpade, Miles Coverdale ufan esie ama atan̄ kpukpru se Tyndale akakabarede adian kiet osio akpa ofụri Bible Ikọmbakara oro ẹkekabarede ẹto mme akpasarade usem! Owo oro mîkọfiọkke n̄wed ama ekeme ndikot Bible ke Ikọmbakara. Edi nso kaban̄a mme usem en̄wen?

“Eketie nte Se Owo Mîdikemeke Ndinam”

Robert Morrison, eyen Britain emi ekedide isụn̄utom, ama ebiere ndikabade ofụri Bible nsịn ke usem Chinese, kpa ye oro ubon ye mme ufan esie ẹkedọhọde enye osion̄o idem ọkpọn̄. Eyen mbon ama osio aka China ke 1807. Utom emi ikedịghe ifia ubọk kiet. Charles Grant emi ekedide esenyịn usiakifia ukara England oro akanamde mbubehe ke Edem Usiahautịn India ini oro ọkọdọhọ ete: “Utom oro eketie nte se owo mîdikemeke ndinam.”

Ke Morrison ama ekebehe ke China, enye ama okop ke ẹnyene ndiwot eyen China emi ekpepde esenowo usem mmọ. Morrison ikọwọrọke an̄wa ke anyan ini mbak edisịn idemesie ye mbon oro ẹkenyịmede ndikpep enye usem Chinese ke fehesan̄. Ẹdọhọ ke “isua iba kpọt ẹma ẹkebe ke Morrison ama ekeme ndisem,  ndikot, nnyụn̄, n̄wewet usem China emi ẹkotde Mandarin, onyụn̄ esem mme usem China en̄wen.” Ofụri emi, akwa edidem China ama ọdọhọ ẹwot owo ekededi oro emịn̄de mme n̄wed Ido Ukpono Christ ke China. Kpa ye oro, Morrison ama akabade ofụri Bible esịn ke usem Chinese ke November 25, 1819.

Etisịm 1836, ẹma ẹmịn̄ n̄kpọ nte ofụri Bible 2,000 ke usem Chinese, ẹmịn̄ Matthew esịm Ediyarade idem 10,000, ẹnyụn̄ ẹmịn̄ nsio nsio ikpehe Bible idem 31,000. Ima oro Morrison akamade Ikọ Abasi ama anam ẹkeme ndinam ‘se iketiede nte owo idikemeke ndinam.’

Bible ke Udotibuot

Urua iba kpọt ke Adoniram Judson, eyen America emi ekedide isụn̄utom ido ukpono ama ọkọdọ ndọ ke February 1812, enye ye Ann an̄wan esie ẹma ẹtọn̄ọ anyan isan̄, ndien ke akpatre ẹma ẹdibehe ke Burma ke 1813 ẹnyụn̄ ẹdụn̄ do. * Mmọ ẹma ẹsọsọp ẹtọn̄ọ ndikpep usem Burmese, emi edide kiet ke otu usem oro ẹsọn̄de ẹkan ke ererimbot. Ke ẹma ẹkekpep ke isua ifan̄, Judson ekewet ete: “Imọtọn̄ọ ndikpep usem Burmese emi edide ata isio ye eke nnyịn . . . Nnyịn inyeneke n̄wed ukabadeikọ m̀mê owo ndikabade ndomo ikọ kiet nnọ nnyịn.”

Kpukpru emi ikanamke Judson etre ndikabade Bible. Enye ama akabade Matthew esịm Ediyarade ke usem Burmese okụre ke June 1823. Ekem ekọn̄ ama asiaha ke Burma. Ẹma ẹkọbi Judson sia ẹkedade enye nte uyep, ẹda ukwak ita ẹkọbi enye ẹkpaha ke anyan ukwak kiet mbak ediwọn̄ọde idem. Francis Wayland ọkọdọhọ ke n̄wed oro enye ekewetde aban̄a Judson ke 1853 ete: “Ke ndondo oro ẹkeyakde Judson okụt n̄wan esie iso ẹnyụn̄ ẹnyene nneme ke Ikọmbakara, akpa n̄kpọ oro enye okobụpde enye ekedi ikpan̄wed oro enye akakabarede Obufa Testament ọdọn̄. N̄wan esie ama ekịm ikpan̄wed emi esịn ke esịt udotibuot mbak mfụt edibiat onyụn̄ ada ọsọk ebe esie ke ufọk-n̄kpọkọbi. Kpa ye oro n̄kpọ eketiede ntre, n̄kpọ ikanamke ikpan̄wed oro.

Ke ẹma ẹkekọbi Judson ke ediwak ọfiọn̄, ẹma ẹsio enye. Edi ikebịghike, n̄kpọ mmọn̄eyet ama ọwọrọ enye. Ata idiọk ufiopidem ama anam n̄wan esie kpa isua oro, ndien ke ufan̄ urua ifan̄, n̄wan esie ama ebe efep. Ke ọfiọn̄ itiokiet kpọt ẹma ẹkebe, udọn̄ọ oro owo mîkemeke ndikọk ama owot Maria adiaha esie emi ekedide n̄kpọ nte isua iba. Kpa ye oro Judson ekenen̄erede ofụhọ, enye ama aka iso ke utom esie. Enye ama akabade ofụri Bible ke 1835.

Nte Afo Amama Ikọ Abasi?

Ima oro mme akabade Bible emi ẹkemade Ikọ Abasi idịghe obufa. Andiwet psalm ọkọkwọ ntem ete: “Mmama ido fo didie! enye ke ntie n̄kere ofụri usen.” (Psalm 119:97) Bible idịghe sụk edinem n̄wedmbụk. Enye ọdọn̄ọ ata akpan etop. Ndi afo n̄ko amama Ikọ Abasi onyụn̄ esikot enye kpukpru ini? Fiọk ete ke edieke anamde oro onyụn̄ adade se ekpepde esịn ke edinam, “oyokop inemesịt.”—James 1:25.

[Mme Ikọ Idakisọn̄]

[Se ẹwetde ke ikpọ abisi ke page 8]

“Ibet Christ edinen̄ede an̄wan̄a mbon England ke Ikọmbakara.”—JOHN WYCLIFFE

[Mme Ndise ke page 9]

William Tyndale ye ikọn̄n̄wed Bible oro enye akakabarede

[Ebiet ẹdade n̄kpọ ẹto]

Tyndale: Ẹda ẹto n̄wed oro The Evolution of the English Bible

[Mme Ndise ke page 10]

Robert Morrison ye Bible emi enye akakabarede esịn ke usem Chinese

[Mme ebiet ẹdade ndise ẹto ke page]

Ẹbọ ẹto Asian Division of the Library of Congress

Robert Morrison, emi W. Holl akapde, ẹda ẹto The National Portrait Gallery Volume IV, emi ẹkesiode ke n̄kpọ nte 1820 (litho), Chinnery, George (1774-1852) (after)/Private Collection/Ken Welsh/The Bridgeman Art Library International

[Mme Ndise ke page 11]

Adoniram Judson ye Bible oro enye akakabarede esịn ke usem Burmese

[Ebiet ẹdade ndise ẹto ke page]

Judson: Emi John C. Buttre akapde/Dictionary of American Portraits/Dover

[Mme ebiet ẹdade ndise ẹto ke page 8]

Wycliffe: Ẹda ẹto n̄wed oro The History of Protestantism (Vol. I); Bible: Ẹbọ ẹto Itie Ubon N̄wed American Bible Society ke New York