Ntak Emi Ekemede Ndinịm Mme Gospel Bible
Ntak Emi Ekemede Ndinịm Mme Gospel Bible
‘Ẹnen̄ede ẹsuan mmọ. Ẹda mmọ ẹnam mme senima oro ẹkpade ekese okụk, ẹnyụn̄ ẹnyamade ẹkan. Ẹkpep mmọ ke nsio nsio ufọkabasi mme Christian. Ẹda mmọ ẹsiak ediwak ido ukpono ẹnyụn̄ ẹda ẹtịbi nsunsu ukpepn̄kpọ.’—SUPER INTERESSANTE, MAGAZINE BRAZIL.
ẸTỊN̄ utọ ikọ emi ẹban̄a nso? Magazine oro eketịn̄ aban̄a nte mme owo ẹnyenede udọn̄ ke ndondo emi ẹban̄a abian̄a abian̄a gospel, leta, ye mme ediyarade, ọkọrọ ye se ẹdade mmọ ẹnam; ẹkefiọhọ mme abian̄a abian̄a n̄wed emi ke iduọk isua 1950 ke Nag Hammadi ye ke mme ebiet en̄wen ke Egypt. Mme utọ n̄wed emi ke ẹwak ndikot n̄wed Gnostic m̀mê Apocrypha. *
Ndi Ẹma Ẹdụk Odu?
Ke eyo emi ediwak owo ẹnyenede eyịghe ẹban̄a Bible ye ido ukpono eset mi, etie nte mmọ ẹnen̄ede ẹma n̄wed Gnostic m̀mê Apocrypha. Mme n̄wed emi ẹnam ediwak owo ẹse mme ukpepn̄kpọ Jesus Christ ye Ido Ukpono Christ nte mmọ ẹsede. Magazine kiet ọkọdọhọ ete: “Gospel Thomas ye [n̄wed] Apocrypha eken ẹtịn̄ mme n̄kpọ oro ediwak owo ẹmade mfịn: mbon oro ẹmade n̄kpọ Abasi, edi mîmaha ido ukpono.” Ẹdọhọ ke Brazil ikpọn̄ enyene “ke nsụhọde n̄kaha otu 30 emi ẹdade mme ukpepn̄kpọ mmọ ẹto n̄wed Apocrypha.”
Ndifiọhọ mme n̄wed emi anam ẹsuan ekikere oro ẹnọde nte ke Ufọkabasi Catholic ẹma ẹdụk odu ẹdịp akpanikọ oro aban̄ade Jesus ke n̄kpọ nte isua 1,700 emi ẹkebede, nte ke mmọ ẹma ẹdịp ndusụk mbụk Jesus oro ẹdude ke n̄wed Apocrypha, ye nte ke ẹma ẹsiak mmọn̄ ke Gospel Bible mbinan̄ oro inyenede idahaemi. Elaine Pagels, emi edide prọfesọ ido ukpono, eketịn̄ ntem aban̄a n̄kpọ emi: “Idahaemi imọtọn̄ọ ndikụt ke se ikotde Ido Ukpono Christ—ye se idade nte ido mme Christian—akam edi ifan̄ kpọt oro ẹmekde ẹto ata ediwak oro ẹdude.”
Utọ nditọ ukpepn̄kpọ nte Pagels ẹda ke idịghe Bible kpọt ke ẹda ẹkpep ukpepn̄kpọ Christian; mme n̄wed en̄wen do, utọ nte mme n̄wed Apocrypha. Ke uwụtn̄kpọ, ẹma ẹneme ibuotikọ oro, “Ata Mary Magdalene” ke edinam BBC oro ẹkotde Bible Mysteries; ẹdọhọ ke mme n̄wed Apocrypha ẹwụt ke Mary Magdalene ekedi “andikpep ye adausụn̄ mme mbet eken. Ke enye ikedịghe ikpîkpu mbet; ekedi apostle ọnọ mme apostle.” Juan Arias ama ewet aban̄a udeme oro Mary Magdalene ekenyenede ke n̄wedmbụk n̄kpọntịbe Brazil emi ẹkotde O Estado de S. Paulo ete: “Mfịn, imenyene kpukpru ntak ndinịm ke ‘iban ẹkekara’ ufọkabasi akpa mme Christian emi Jesus akasiakde, sia ufọk iban ekesidi ufọkabasi ini oro, ndien mmọ ẹkesidi mme oku ye bishop.”
Ediwak owo ẹda ke mme n̄wed Apocrypha ẹnen̄ede ẹfọn ẹkan Bible. Edi emi edemede mme akpan mbụme: Ndi mme n̄wed Apocrypha ẹdi nnennen n̄wed oro mme Christian ẹkpedade ẹkpep ukpepn̄kpọ mmọ? Ke ini mme n̄wed emi ẹtuahade ye in̄wan̄-in̄wan̄ ukpepn̄kpọ Bible, ewe ke ikpenịm—Bible m̀mê mme n̄wed Apocrypha? Ndi edi akpanikọ ke ẹma ẹdụk odu ke n̄kpọ nte isua 1,700 emi ẹkebede man ẹdịp mme n̄wed Apocrypha ẹnyụn̄ ẹsiak mmọn̄ ke Gospel mbinan̄ mbak ẹdifiọk mme akpan n̄kpọ oro ẹban̄ade Jesus, Mary Magdalene, ye mbon en̄wen? Man ibọrọ mbụme emi, ẹyak ikere iban̄a kiet ke otu Gospel mbinan̄, oro edi, Gospel John.
Se Gospel John Etịn̄de
Ẹma ẹkụt akpan ubak ikpan̄wed Gospel John ke Egypt ke ntọn̄ọ ntọn̄ọ iduọk isua 1900, ndien enye ke ẹkot idahaemi Ikpan̄wed N̄kukịp Rylands 457 (P52). Enye esịne se idude ke John 18:31-33, 37, 38 ke Bible eyomfịn, ndien ẹnịm enye ke Itie Ubon N̄wed John Rylands ke Manchester ke England. Enye edi mbịghi-n̄kan ubak ikpan̄wed N̄wed Abasi Christian Usem Greek oro odude edisịm emi. Ediwak nditọ ukpepn̄kpọ Bible ẹnịm ke ẹkewet enye ke n̄kpọ nte isua 125 E.N., n̄kpọ nte isua 25 kpọt tọn̄ọ apostle John akakpa. Se ikpade owo idem edi nte ke se idude ke ikpan̄wed emi ekpere ndidi ata ukem ye se idude ke mme ikpan̄wed oro ẹkewetde ke oro ebede. Sia ẹkesuande Gospel John oro ebịghide ntre ẹkesịm Egypt, emi ẹkekụtde ikpan̄wed oro, emi ọsọn̄ọ ke ẹkenen̄ede ẹwet Gospel John ke eyo mme apostle, ndien ke John ke idem esiemmọ ekewet, nte Bible ọdọhọde. Ke ntre, John ama ada enyịn esie okụt se enye ekewetde ke Gospel John.
Edi ẹketọn̄ọ ndiwet mme n̄wed Apocrypha ke n̄kpọ nte isua 1,900 emi ẹkebede; oro edi, ke isua ikie m̀mê se ikande oro ẹma ẹkebe ke mme n̄kpọ oro mmọ ẹbụkde ẹma ẹketịbe. Ndusụk ntaifiọk ẹdomo ndidọhọ ke ẹkeda mme n̄wed ye n̄kpọ oro ẹma ẹkedodu ẹwet Apocrypha, edi n̄kpọ ndomokiet idụhe ndisọn̄ọ emi. Ntem, odot ẹbụp mbụme oro, Ewe ke afo ekpenen̄ede enịm—ikọ owo oro akadade enyịn okụt m̀mê eke mbon oro ẹkedude uwem ke isua ikie ẹma ẹkebe tọn̄ọ se ẹtịn̄de ẹban̄a ẹketịbe? Ufọn idụhe ndibobụp. *
Nso kaban̄a emi ẹdọhọde ke ẹma ẹkpụhọ mme n̄kpọ ke Gospel Bible man ẹdịp ndusụk n̄kpọ oro ẹban̄ade Jesus? Ke uwụtn̄kpọ, ndi uyarade odu ke ẹma ẹnen̄ede ẹkpụhọ n̄kpọ ke Gospel John ke n̄kpọ nte isua 1,700 emi ẹkebede? Man ibọrọ mbụme emi, ọfọn iti ke kiet ke otu ikpan̄wed emi ẹdade ẹkabade Bible eyomfịn edi enye emi ẹdiọn̄ọde nte Ikpan̄wed Obio Ukara Pope 1209, emi ẹkesion̄ode ẹwet ke n̄kpọ nte isua 1,700 emi ẹkebede. Edieke edide ẹma ẹkpụhọ n̄kpọ ke Bible nnyịn ke n̄kpọ nte isua 1,700 emi ẹkebede, do akpana ẹkụt mme ukpụhọde oro ke ikpan̄wed emi. Ọfọn etieti sia ẹkewet ikpan̄wed en̄wen emi ẹdiọn̄ọde nte Bodmer 14, 15 (P75), emi esịnede Gospel Luke ye John, ke isua 175 E.N. esịm 225 E.N. Ntaifiọk ẹdọhọ ke abisi esie ẹnen̄ede ẹbiet eke Ikpan̄wed Obio Ukara Pope 1209. Ke nditịn̄ ke usụn̄ en̄wen, akpan ukpụhọde inen̄ekede idu ke Gospel Bible, ndien Ikpan̄wed Obio Ukara Pope 1209 ọsọn̄ọ emi.
N̄kpọ ndomokiet idụhe ndiwụt ke ẹma ẹkpụhọ n̄kpọ ke n̄wed John—m̀mê Gospel en̄wen—ke n̄kpọ nte isua 1,700 emi ẹkebede. Ke Dr. Peter M. Head, emi edide andikpep ke Ufọkn̄wed Ntaifiọk Cambridge, ama okodụn̄ọde mme utak-usụhọ ikpan̄wed emi ẹkekụtde ke Oxyrhynchus ke Egypt, enye ekewet ete: “Ke ofụri ofụri, mme ikpan̄wed emi ẹsọn̄ọ se ẹwetde ke mme ikpan̄wed emi ẹkedade ikpọ abisi usem Greek emi ẹtiede ndọnọ ndọnọ ẹwet ọtọn̄ọde ke n̄kpọ nte isua 1,700 emi ẹkebede, emi ẹkedade ẹwet mme akpan ikpan̄wed eyomfịn. Nte ẹsion̄ode ikpan̄wed emi ẹwet inen̄ekede ikpụhọde ye nte ẹkesision̄ode Obufa Testament ẹwet ke eset.”
Nso Idi Ubiere Nnyịn?
Mme Christian ke ofụri ererimbot ẹma ẹnyịme Gospel Bible—oro edi, Matthew, Mark, Luke, ye John—ke n̄kpọ nte isua 1,850 emi ẹkebede. Tatian ikadaha inua-okot gospel Gnostic edi akada Gospel Bible kpọt ewet n̄wed esie emi ẹkotde Diatessaron (ikọ Greek emi ọwọrọde “eke inan̄”) oro ẹkekotde ke kpukpru ebiet. Enye ekewet n̄wed emi ke n̄kpọ nte isua 160 esịm 175 E.N. (Se ekebe oro “Nte Ẹkedade Ẹnọ Gospel ke Eset.”) Oyom ẹfiọk n̄ko se Irenaeus emi okodude uwem ke n̄kpọ nte isua 1,800 emi ẹkebede eketịn̄de. Enye ọkọdọhọ ke Gospel inan̄ ẹnyene ndidu sia isọn̄ enyenede inụk inan̄, ye ofụm isọn̄ mbinan̄. Okposụkedi emi nte enye ekemende n̄kpọ emi odomo mînen̄ekede inen, se enye eketịn̄de ọsọn̄ọ ke Gospel Bible inan̄ kpọt ẹkedu ini oro.
Nso ke kpukpru emi ẹwụt? Nte ke owo ikokpụhọke n̄kpọ ke N̄wed Abasi Christian Usem Greek—esịnede Gospel mbinan̄—emi inyenede mfịn; ke mmọ ẹsụk ẹtie nte ẹketiede ke n̄kpọ nte isua 1,700 emi ẹkebede. Akpan ntak idụhe ndinịm ke ẹma ẹdụk odu man ẹkpụhọ n̄kpọ m̀mê ẹdịp ikpehe N̄wed Abasi ekededi emi ẹkedade odudu edisana spirit Abasi ẹwet. Utu ke oro, Bruce Metzger, emi edide eyen ukpepn̄kpọ Bible, ekewet ete: “Ke n̄kpọ nte isua 1,800 emi ẹkebede, . . . kpukpru esop mme andinịm ke akpanikọ oro ẹkesinamde n̄kpọ ke ata nsio nsio usụn̄ ẹnyụn̄ ẹsuanade ẹyọhọ ofụri Mediterranean ye mme nsannsan ebiet, ọtọn̄ọde ke Britain tutu esịm Mesopotamia, ẹma ẹdiana kiet ẹnyịme ekese ikpehe Obufa Testament.”
Apostle Paul ye Peter ẹma ẹnen̄ede ẹma akpanikọ emi odude ke Ikọ Abasi. Mmọ mbiba ẹma ẹnen̄ede ẹdụri nditọete mmọ utọn̄ ẹte ẹkûnyịme m̀mê ẹkûnịm n̄kpọ ekededi ke ebede se ẹkekpepde mmọ. Ke uwụtn̄kpọ, Paul ekewet ntem ọnọ Timothy, ete: “O Timothy, kpeme se ẹkeyakde ẹsịn fi ke ubọk, wọn̄ọde kpọn̄ ikpîkpu ikọ oro ẹsabarede se isanade ye mme ntuaha oro ẹkotde ke nsu ẹte ‘ifiọk.’ Koro ndusụk owo ẹma ẹwọn̄ọde ẹkpọn̄ mbuọtidem ke ndikada utọ ifiọk oro n̄wụt idem.” Peter ọsọn̄ọ ete: “Baba, ikedịghe ke nditiene nsunsu mbụk emi ẹdade mbufiọk ẹtịbi ke nnyịn ikanam mbufo ẹfiọk odudu ye edidu Ọbọn̄ nnyịn Jesus Christ, edi ekedi ke ndikokụt akwa ubọn̄ esie.”—1 Timothy 6:20, 21; 2 Peter 1:16.
Ke ata ediwak isua emi ẹkebede, ẹma ẹnọ prọfet Isaiah odudu spirit ada ewet ete: “Mbiet amasat, ediye ikọn̄ onyụn̄ akpa: edi ikọ Abasi nnyịn ayada ke nsinsi.” (Isaiah 40:8) Nnyịn imekeme ndinịm ntre n̄ko ke Enye emi ọkọnọde odudu spirit ẹda ẹwet Edisana N̄wed Abasi ama ekpeme n̄wed emi n̄ko ke kpukpru emana man “kpukpru orụk owo ẹkpenyene edinyan̄a ẹnyụn̄ ẹsịm nnennen ifiọk akpanikọ.”—1 Timothy 2:4.
[Mme Ikọ Idakisọn̄]
^ ikp. 3 Ẹda “Gnostic” ẹto ikọ Greek emi ekemede ndiwọrọ “ndedịbe ifiọk,” ẹnyụn̄ ẹda “Apocrypha” ẹto ikọ Greek emi onyụn̄ ekemede ndiwọrọ “ẹtịn̄ enyịn ẹdịp.” Ikọ mbiba emi ẹdi enyịn̄ emi ẹnọde mme abian̄a abian̄a n̄wed emi mîsịneke ke otu mme n̄wed Bible, emi ẹdomode ndiwet nte mme Gospel, Utom, mme leta, ye mme ediyarade oro ẹdude ke N̄wed Abasi Christian Usem Greek.
^ ikp. 11 Mfịna en̄wen oro aban̄ade n̄wed Apocrypha edi nte ke ibat ibat ẹdu. N̄kpri ubak iba kpọt ẹsụhọ ke Gospel Mary Magdalene, oro iketịn̄de iban̄a, ndien mbahade iba akpa n̄kpọ oro ẹkewetde idụhe ke enye oro ọniọn̄de akan. Akan oro, mme ikpan̄wed oro ẹdude ẹnen̄ede ẹkpụhọde ye kiet eken.
[Se ẹwetde ke ikpọ abisi ke page 9]
Ikpan̄wed N̄kukịp Rylands 457 (P52), utak-usụhọ ikpan̄wed Gospel John, emi ẹkewetde ke n̄kpọ nte isua 1,900 emi ẹkebede, emi ekedi isua ifan̄ kpọt tọn̄ọ ẹkewet ata akpa
[Ekebe/Ndise ke page 11]
Nte Ẹkedade Ẹnọ Gospel ke Eset
Ke ini Ido Ukpono Christ ọkọtọn̄ọde-tọn̄ọ, mme okụt ndudue ẹma ẹdọhọ ke mme Gospel idụhe ke n̄kemuyo, ntre ke owo ikemeke ndinịm se mmọ ẹtịn̄de. Tatian, ewet n̄wed emi otode Syria (emi okodude uwem ke n̄kpọ nte isua 110 esịm 180 E.N.), ama ada ọnọ Gospel. Enye ama ekere ke n̄kpọ ekededi oro etiede nte idụhe ke n̄kemuyo ididụhe edieke ẹtan̄de kpukpru Gospel ẹdian kiet ẹnam akabade mbụk kiet utu ke inan̄.
Tatian ama ọtọn̄ọ utom emi. Owo ifiọkke m̀mê enye akada usem Greek m̀mê usem Syria ewet. Edi se idude edi ke enye ama okụre ndiwet n̄wed esie ke n̄kpọ nte isua 170 E.N., ndien ẹkot n̄wed oro Diatessaron, ikọ Greek emi ọwọrọde “eke inan̄.” Ntak emi afo ekpenyenede udọn̄ ke n̄wed emi owo mîkadaha odudu spirit Abasi iwet mi-e?
Ke n̄kpọ nte isua 100 emi ẹkebede, mme okụt ndudue ẹma ẹtọn̄ọ nditịn̄ ke idụhe Gospel ndomokiet emi ẹkewetde mbemiso n̄kpọ nte isua 1,850 emi ẹkebede; ntre ke mmọ itịn̄ke nnennen se iketịbede. Edi ata n̄kani Diatessaron emi ẹkụtde ọtọn̄ọde ke ini oro ẹnen̄ede ẹsọn̄ọ ke mme owo ẹma ẹnen̄ede ẹfiọk ẹnyụn̄ ẹnyịme Gospel mbinan̄—mbinan̄ oro kpọt—ke n̄kpọ nte isua 1,850 emi ẹkebede.
Ndikụt Diatessaron ye mme n̄kpọ oro ẹwetde ẹban̄a enye ke usem Arabic, Armenian, Greek, ye Latin akanam Sir Frederic Kenyon, emi edide eyen ukpepn̄kpọ Bible, ewet ete: “Mme n̄wed emi ẹkụtde mi ẹnam ẹnen̄ede ẹfiọk se Diatessaron ekedide, onyụn̄ ọsọn̄ọ ke etisịm n̄kpọ nte isua 170 E.N., ke Gospel mbinan̄ ke Bible ẹkedi akakan ke otu kpukpru mbụk oro ẹban̄ade uwem Andinyan̄a nnyịn.”
[Mme Ndise]
Tatian
Diatessaron usem Arabic
[Chart ke page 8, 9]
(Ama oyom ndikụt nte enye enen̄erede etie, se idem n̄wed)
33 E.N.
Jesus akpa
n̄kpọ nte 41 E.N.
ẹwet Matthew
n̄kpọ nte 58 E.N.
ẹwet Luke
n̄kpọ nte 65 E.N.
ẹwet Mark
n̄kpọ nte 98 E.N.
ẹwet John
125 E.N.
ẹwet Ikpan̄wed Rylands 457 (P52)
n̄kpọ nte 140 E.N.
ẹtọn̄ọ ndiwet mme n̄wed Apocrypha
n̄kpọ nte 175 E.N.
ẹwet Ikpan̄wed Bodmer 14, 15 (P75)
N̄kpọ nte isua 1,700 emi ẹkebede
ẹwet Ikpan̄wed Obio Ukara Pope 1209
[Ndise ke page 10]
Ikpan̄wed Obio Ukara Pope 1209
Ikpan̄wed Obio Ukara Pope 1209, oro odude ke enyọn̄ emi, oro ẹkewetde ke n̄kpọ nte isua 1,700 emi ẹkebede, owụt ke ata esisịt ukpụhọde okodu ke mme Gospel
[Ebiet ẹdade n̄kpọ ẹto]
Ẹda ẹto n̄wed oro Bibliorum Sacrorum Graecus Codex Vaticanus, 1868
[Ebiet Ẹdade Ndise Ẹto ke page 9]
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