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Συντομογραφίες Βάσεων Δεδομένων:

PMID: Medline®/PubMed® Unique Identifier (Index Medicus)

EMBASE: Embase® Accession Number (Excerpta Medica)

ISI: Institute for Scientific Information IDS Number

Προεγχειρητική Εκτίμηση

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Διαχείριση της Φαρμακευτικής Αγωγής

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Διαχείριση της Αναιμίας

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Επιπρόσθετος Προεγχειρητικός Σχεδιασμός

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Ελαχιστοποίηση της Περιεγχειρητικής Απώλειας Αίματος

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Διατήρηση της Απόδοσης Οξυγόνου/του Όγκου

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Διεγχειρητική Διάσωση Κυττάρων του Αίματος/Αυτομετάγγιση

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Διεγχειρητική Αφαίρεση/Εγκλωβισμός Συστατικών

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Αιμοδιήθηση/Αιμοσυμπύκνωση

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Μετεγχειρητική Διαχείριση

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Άμεση Χειρουργική Επέμβαση για Διακοπή της Αιμορραγίας

  1. 474. Polanco P, Leon S, Pineda J, et al. Hepatic resection in the management of complex injury to the liver. J Trauma 2008;65(6):1264-9. [PMID: 19077611]

  2. 475. Moore LJ, Brenner M, Kozar RA, et al. Implementation of resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta as an alternative to resuscitative thoracotomy for noncompressible truncal hemorrhage. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2015;79(4):523-30. [PMID: 26402524]

  3. 476. Phelan HA, Patterson SG, Hassan MO, et al. Thoracic damage-control operation: principles, techniques, and definitive repair. J Am Coll Surg 2006;203(6):933-41. [PMID: 17116562]

  4. 477. Brenner M, Teeter W, Hoehn M, et al. Use of resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta for proximal aortic control in patients with severe hemorrhage and arrest. JAMA Surg 2018;153(2):130-5. [PMID: 28973104]

  5. 478. Siebler J, Dipasquale T, Sagi HC. Use of temporary partial intrailiac balloon occlusion for decreasing blood loss during open reduction and internal fixation of acetabular and pelvis fractures. J Orthop Trauma 2012;26(6):e54-7. [PMID: 22357089]

  6. 479. Garcia AF, Manzano-Nunez R, Bayona JG, et al. A clinical series of packing the wound tract for arresting traumatic hemorrhage from injuries of the lung parenchyma as a feasible damage control technique. World J Emerg Surg 2019;14:52. [PMID: 31798672]

  7. 480. Schreiber MA. Damage control surgery. Crit Care Clin 2004;20(1):101-18. [PMID: 14979332]

  8. 481. Garcia A, Martinez J, Rodriguez J, et al. Damage-control techniques in the management of severe lung trauma. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2015;78(1):45-50. [PMID: 25539202]

  9. 482. Baldoni F, Di Saverio S, Antonacci N, et al. Refinement in the technique of perihepatic packing: a safe and effective surgical hemostasis and multidisciplinary approach can improve the outcome in severe liver trauma. Am J Surg 2011;201(1):e5-e14. [PMID: 21167358]

  10. 483. Freeman JL, Winston KR, Byers JT, Beauchamp K. Damage-control neurosurgery: packing to halt relentless intracranial bleeding. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2015;79(5):865-9. [PMID: 26496114]

  11. 484. Benz D, Balogh ZJ. Damage control surgery: current state and future directions. Curr Opin Crit Care 2017;23(6):491-7. [PMID: 29035926]

  12. 485. Lee JC, Peitzman AB. Damage-control laparotomy. Curr Opin Crit Care 2006;12(4):346-50. [PMID: 16810046]

  13. 486. Loveland JA, Boffard KD. Damage control in the abdomen and beyond. Br J Surg 2004;91(9):1095-1101. [PMID: 15449259]

  14. 487. Moroni A, Faldini C, Pegreffi F, et al. Dynamic hip screw compared with external fixation for treatment of osteoporotic pertrochanteric fractures. A prospective, randomized study. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2005;87(4):753-9. [PMID: 15805203]

  15. 488. Taeger G, Ruchholtz S, Waydhas C, et al. Damage control orthopedics in patients with multiple injuries is effective, time saving, and safe. J Trauma 2005;59(2):409-16. [PMID: 16294083]

  16. 489. Tuttle MS, Smith WR, Williams AE, et al. Safety and efficacy of damage control external fixation versus early definitive stabilization for femoral shaft fractures in the multiple-injured patient. J Trauma 2009;67(3):602-5. [PMID: 19741407]

  17. 490. Croce MA, Magnotti LJ, Savage SA, et al. Emergent pelvic fixation in patients with exsanguinating pelvic fractures. J Am Coll Surg 2007;204(5):935-9. [PMID: 17481514]

  18. 491. Baracat F, Moura E, Bernardo W, et al. Endoscopic hemostasis for peptic ulcer bleeding: systematic review and meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials. Surg Endosc 2016;30(6):2155-68. [PMID: 26487199]

  19. 492. Fisher L, Lee Krinsky M, Anderson MA, et al. The role of endoscopy in the management of obscure GI bleeding. Gastrointest Endosc 2010;72(3):471-9. [PMID: 20801285]

  20. 493. Antoniou GA, Georgiadis GS, Antoniou SA, et al. Endovascular repair for ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm confers an early survival benefit over open repair. J Vasc Surg 2013;58(4):1091-105. [PMID: 24075109]

Επείγουσα Αυτομετάγγιση

  1. 494. Meybohm P, Choorapoikayil S, Wessels A, et al. Washed cell salvage in surgical patients: a review and meta-analysis of prospective randomized trials under PRISMA. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016;95(31):e4490. [PMID: 27495095]

  2. 495. Waters JH. Cell salvage in trauma. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol 2021;34(4):503-6. [PMID: 34074882]

  3. 496. Brown CV, Foulkrod KH, Sadler HT, et al. Autologous blood transfusion during emergency trauma operations. Arch Surg 2010;145(7):690-4. [PMID: 20644133]

  4. 497. Li J, Sun SL, Tian JH, et al. Cell salvage in emergency trauma surgery. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2015;1:CD007379. [PMID: 25613473]

  5. 498. Rhee P, Inaba K, Pandit V, et al. Early autologous fresh whole blood transfusion leads to less allogeneic transfusions and is safe. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2015;78(4):729-34. [PMID: 25807402]

  6. 499. Odak S, Raza A, Shah N, Clayson A. Clinical efficacy and cost effectiveness of intraoperative cell salvage in pelvic trauma surgery. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2013;95(5):357-60. [PMID: 23838500]

  7. 500. Imai R, Matsumura H, Uchida R, Watanabe K. Perioperative hemodilutional autologous blood transfusion in burn surgery. Injury 2008;39(1):57-60. [PMID: 18054019]

  8. 501. Waters JH, Tuohy MJ, Hobson DF, Procop G. Bacterial reduction by cell salvage washing and leukocyte depletion filtration. Anesthesiology 2003;99(3):652-5. [PMID: 12960550]

  9. 502. Bowley DM, Barker P, Boffard KD. Intraoperative blood salvage in penetrating abdominal trauma: a randomised, controlled trial. World J Surg 2006;30(6):1074-80. [PMID: 16736339]

Επείγων Αγγειογραφικός Εμβολισμός

  1. 503. Bonde A, Velmahos A, Kalva SP, et al. Bilateral internal iliac artery embolization for pelvic trauma: effectiveness and safety. Am J Surg 2020;220(2):454-8. [PMID: 31902526]

  2. 504. Bhullar IS, Frykberg ER, Siragusa D, et al. Selective angiographic embolization of blunt splenic traumatic injuries in adults decreases failure rate of nonoperative management. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2012;72(5):1127-34. [PMID: 22673236]

  3. 505. Kimbrell BJ, Velmahos GC, Chan LS, Demetriades D. Angiographic embolization for pelvic fractures in older patients. Arch Surg 2004;139(7):728-32. [PMID: 15249404]

  4. 506. Miller PR, Moore PS, Mansell E, et al. External fixation or arteriogram in bleeding pelvic fracture: initial therapy guided by markers of arterial hemorrhage. J Trauma 2003;54(3):437-43. [PMID: 12634521]

  5. 507. Asensio JA, Roldán G, Petrone P, et al. Operative management and outcomes in 103 AAST-OIS grades IV and V complex hepatic injuries: trauma surgeons still need to operate, but angioembolization helps. J Trauma 2003;54(4):647-53. [PMID: 12707525]

  6. 508. Velmahos GC, Toutouzas KG, Vassiliu P, et al. A prospective study on the safety and efficacy of angiographic embolization for pelvic and visceral injuries. J Trauma 2002;53(2):303-8. [PMID: 12169938]

  7. 509. Gaarder C, Dormagen JB, Eken T, et al. Nonoperative management of splenic injuries: improved results with angioembolization. J Trauma 2006;61(1):192-8. [PMID: 16832270]

  8. 510. Vaidya R, Waldron J, Scott A, Nasr K. Angiography and embolization in the management of bleeding pelvic fractures. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 2018;26(4):e68-76. [PMID: 29351135]

  9. 511. Papakostidis C, Kanakaris N, Dimitriou R, Giannoudis PV. The role of arterial embolization in controlling pelvic fracture haemorrhage: a systematic review of the literature. Eur J Radiol 2012;81(5):897-904. [PMID: 21439743]

  10. 512. Bochicchio G. Treatment of bleeding in the urban battlefield. Surgery 2007;142(4 Suppl):S78-83. [PMID: 18019937]

  11. 513. Nicol AJ, Hommes M, Primrose R, et al. Packing for control of hemorrhage in major liver trauma. World J Surg 2007;31(3):569-74. [PMID: 17334868]

  12. 514. Ordoñez C, Pino L, Badiel M, et al. The 1-2-3 approach to abdominal packing. World J Surg 2012;36(12):2761-6. [PMID: 22955950]

Ανάνηψη με Υγρά

  1. 515. Morrison CA, Carrick MM, Norman MA, et al. Hypotensive resuscitation strategy reduces transfusion requirements and severe postoperative coagulopathy in trauma patients with hemorrhagic shock: preliminary results of a randomized controlled trial. J Trauma 2011;70(3):652-63. [PMID: 21610356]

  2. 516. Coppola S, Froio S, Chiumello D. Fluid resuscitation in trauma patients: what should we know? Curr Opin Crit Care 2014;20(4):444-50. [PMID: 24927043]

  3. 517. Bickell WH, Wall MJ Jr, Pepe PE, et al. Immediate versus delayed fluid resuscitation for hypotensive patients with penetrating torso injuries. N Engl J Med 1994;331(17):1105-9. [PMID: 7935634]

  4. 518. Tran A, Yates J, Lau A, et al. Permissive hypotension versus conventional resuscitation strategies in adult trauma patients with hemorrhagic shock: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2018;84(5):802-8. [PMID: 29370058]

  5. 519. Dick F, Erdoes G, Opfermann P, et al. Delayed volume resuscitation during initial management of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm. J Vasc Surg 2013;57(4):943-50. [PMID: 23332983]

  6. 520. Ley EJ, Clond MA, Srour MK, et al. Emergency department crystalloid resuscitation of 1.5 L or more is associated with increased mortality in elderly and nonelderly trauma patients. J Trauma 2011;70(2):398-400. [PMID: 21307740]

  7. 521. Silbergleit R, Satz W, McNamara RM, et al. Effect of permissive hypotension in continuous uncontrolled intra-abdominal hemorrhage. Acad Emerg Med 1996;3(10):922-6. [PMID: 8891037]

  8. 522. Fowler R, Pepe PE. Fluid resuscitation of the patient with major trauma. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol 2002;15(2):173-8. [PMID: 17019198]

  9. 523. Dutton RP, Mackenzie CF, Scalea TM. Hypotensive resuscitation during active hemorrhage: impact on in-hospital mortality. J Trauma 2002;52(6):1141-6. [PMID: 12045644]

  10. 524. Revell M, Greaves I, Porter K. Endpoints for fluid resuscitation in hemorrhagic shock. J Trauma 2003;54(5 Suppl):S63-7. [PMID: 12768105]

  11. 525. Duke MD, Guidry C, Guice J, et al. Restrictive fluid resuscitation in combination with damage control resuscitation: time for adaptation. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2012;73(3):674-8. [PMID: 22929496]

  12. 526. Pepe PE, Dutton RP, Fowler RL. Preoperative resuscitation of the trauma patient. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol 2008;21(2):216-21. [PMID: 18443492]

  13. 527. Roberts I, Evans P, Bunn F, et al. Is the normalisation of blood pressure in bleeding trauma patients harmful? Lancet 2001;357(9253):385-7. [PMID: 11211015]

  14. 528. Owattanapanich N, Chittawatanarat K, Benyakorn T, Sirikun J. Risks and benefits of hypotensive resuscitation in patients with traumatic hemorrhagic shock: a meta-analysis. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med 2018;26(1):107. [PMID: 30558650]

  15. 529. Geeraedts LM Jr, Kaasjager HA, van Vugt AB, Frölke JP. Exsanguination in trauma: a review of diagnostics and treatment options. Injury 2009;40(1):11-20. [PMID: 19135193]

  16. 530. Fouche Y, Sikorski R, Dutton RP. Changing paradigms in surgical resuscitation. Crit Care Med 2010;38(9 Suppl):S411-20. [PMID: 20724874]

  17. 531. Marik PE, Weinmann M. Optimizing fluid therapy in shock. Curr Opin Crit Care 2019;25(3):246-51. [PMID: 31022087]

  18. 532. Petitpas F, Guenezan J, Vendeuvre T, et al. Use of intra-osseous access in adults: a systematic review. Crit Care 2016;20:102. [PMID: 27075364]

  19. 533. Leidel BA, Kirchhoff C, Bogner V, et al. Comparison of intraosseous versus central venous vascular access in adults under resuscitation in the emergency department with inaccessible peripheral veins. Resuscitation 2012;83(1):40-5. [PMID: 21893125]

  20. 534. Sessler DI. Complications and treatment of mild hypothermia. Anesthesiology 2001;95(2):531-43. [PMID: 11506130]

  21. 535. Tsuei BJ, Kearney PA. Hypothermia in the trauma patient. Injury 2004;35(1):7-15. [PMID: 14728949]

  22. 536. Perlman R, Callum J, Laflamme C, et al. A recommended early goal-directed management guideline for the prevention of hypothermia-related transfusion, morbidity, and mortality in severely injured trauma patients. Crit Care 2016;20(1):107. [PMID: 27095272]

  23. 537. Rösli D, Schnüriger B, Candinas D, Haltmeier T. The impact of accidental hypothermia on mortality in trauma patients overall and patients with traumatic brain injury specifically: a systematic review and meta-analysis. World J Surg 2020;44(12):4106-17. [PMID: 32860141]

  24. 538. Peterson K, Carson S, Carney N. Hypothermia treatment for traumatic brain injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Neurotrauma 2008;25(1):62-71. [PMID: 18355159]

Έγκαιρη Θεραπεία με Ερυθροποιητίνη

  1. 539. Corwin HL, Gettinger A, Rodriguez RM, et al. Efficacy of recombinant human erythropoietin in the critically ill patient: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Crit Care Med 1999;27(11):2346-50. [PMID: 10579246]

  2. 540. Napolitano LM, Fabian TC, Kelly KM, et al. Improved survival of critically ill trauma patients treated with recombinant human erythropoietin. J Trauma 2008;65(2):285-97. [PMID: 18695463]

  3. 541. Georgopoulos D, Matamis D, Routsi C, et al. Recombinant human erythropoietin therapy in critically ill patients: a dose-response study [ISRCTN48523317]. Crit Care 2005;9(5):R508-15. [PMID: 16277712]

  4. 542. Shander A, Goodnough LT. Management of anemia in patients who decline blood transfusion. Am J Hematol 2018;93(9):1183-91. [PMID: 30033541]

  5. 543. Talving P, Lustenberger T, Inaba K, et al. Erythropoiesis-stimulating agent administration and survival after severe traumatic brain injury: a prospective study. Arch Surg 2012;147(3):251-5. [PMID: 22430906]

  6. 544. Robinson Y, Hostmann A, Matenov A, et al. Erythropoiesis in multiply injured patients. J Trauma 2006;61(5):1285-91. [PMID: 17099548]

  7. 545. Hobisch-Hagen P, Wiedermann F, Mayr A, et al. Blunted erythropoietic response to anemia in multiply traumatized patients. Crit Care Med 2001;29(4):743-7. [PMID: 11373460]

  8. 546. Posluszny JA Jr, Napolitano LM. How do we treat life-threatening anemia in a Jehovah’s Witness patient? Transfusion 2014;54(12):3026-34. [PMID: 25330835]

  9. 547. Bernabeu-Wittel M, Romero M, Ollero-Baturone M, et al. Ferric carboxymaltose with or without erythropoietin in anemic patients with hip fracture: a randomized clinical trial. Transfusion 2016;56(9):2199-211. [PMID: 27195774]

  10. 548. Froessler B, Kurmis A, Papendorf D. Is there an indication to utilize intravenous iron in acute trauma patients? Why, how, and when. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol 2020;33(2):227-33. [PMID: 31895124]

  11. 549. García-Erce JA, Cuenca J, Muñoz M, et al. Perioperative stimulation of erythropoiesis with intravenous iron and erythropoietin reduces transfusion requirements in patients with hip fracture. A prospective observational study. Vox Sang 2005;88(4):235-43. [PMID: 15877644]

  12. 550. Thomas JM, Wong CJ, Scheuermann KW, et al. Clinical strategies for managing hemorrhage and anemia without blood transfusion in the ICU. Poster presented at the 7th World Congress of Intensive and Critical Care Medicine; 1997 Jun 29–Jul 3; Ottawa, Canada.

  13. 551. Bosman A, de Jong MB, Debeij J, et al. Systematic review and meta-analysis of antibiotic prophylaxis to prevent infections from chest drains in blunt and penetrating thoracic injuries. Br J Surg 2012;99(4):506-13. [PMID: 22139619]

  14. 552. O’Neill PA, Kirton OC, Dresner LS, et al. Analysis of 162 colon injuries in patients with penetrating abdominal trauma: concomitant stomach injury results in a higher rate of infection. J Trauma 2004;56(2):304-12. [PMID: 14960972]

  15. 553. Hunt TK, Hopf HW. Wound healing and wound infection. What surgeons and anesthesiologists can do. Surg Clin North Am 1997;77(3):587-606. [PMID: 9194882]

Φυσιολογική (Physiological) Αντίδραση στην Αναιμία

  1. 554. Madjdpour C, Spahn DR, Weiskopf RB. Anemia and perioperative red blood cell transfusion: a matter of tolerance. Crit Care Med 2006;34(5 Suppl):S102-8. [PMID: 16617252]

  2. 555. Bush RL, Pevec WC, Holcroft JW. A prospective, randomized trial limiting perioperative red blood cell transfusions in vascular patients. Am J Surg 1997;174(2):143-8. [PMID: 9293831]

  3. 556. Drummond JC, Petrovitch CT. Hemotherapy and hemostasis. In: Barash PG, Cullen BF, Stoelting RK, editors. Clinical Anesthesia, 5th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2006. p. 208-44. [ISBN: 0-7817-5745-2]

  4. 557. Hébert PC, Wells G, Blajchman MA, for the Transfusion Requirements in Critical Care Investigators and the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group. A multicenter, randomized, controlled clinical trial of transfusion requirements in critical care. N Engl J Med 1999;340(6):409-17. [PMID: 9971864]

  5. 558. Mazer CD, Whitlock RP, Fergusson DA, et al; TRICS Investigators and Perioperative Anesthesia Clinical Trials Group. Restrictive or liberal red-cell transfusion for cardiac surgery. N Engl J Med 2017;377(22):2133-44. [PMID: 29130845]

  6. 559. Villanueva C, Colomo A, Bosch A, et al. Transfusion strategies for acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding. N Engl J Med 2013;368(1):11-21. [PMID: 23281973]

  7. 560. Hajjar LA, Vincent JL, Galas FR, et al. Transfusion requirements after cardiac surgery: the TRACS randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2010;304(14):1559-67. [PMID: 20940381]

  8. 561. Fontana JL, Welborn L, Mongan PD, et al. Oxygen consumption and cardiovascular function in children during profound intraoperative normovolemic hemodilution. Anesth Analg 1995;80(2):219-25. [PMID: 7818103]

  9. 562. Mathru M, Kleinman B, Blakeman B, et al. Myocardial metabolism and adaptation during extreme hemodilution in humans after coronary revascularization. Crit Care Med 1992;20(10):1420-5. [PMID: 1395663]

  10. 563. de Araújo Azi LM, Lopes FM, Garcia LV. Postoperative management of severe acute anemia in a Jehovah’s Witness. Transfusion 2014;54(4):1153-7. [PMID: 24117834]

  11. 564. Belfort M, Kofford S, Varner M. Massive obstetric hemorrhage in a Jehovah’s Witness: intraoperative strategies and high-dose erythropoietin use. Am J Perinatol 2011;28(3):207-10. [PMID: 20827658]

  12. 565. Lieberman JA, Weiskopf RB, Kelley SD, et al. Critical oxygen delivery in conscious humans is less than 7.3 ml O2·kg-1·min-1. Anesthesiology 2000;92(2):407-13. [PMID: 10691227]

  13. 566. Weiskopf RB, Viele MK, Feiner J, et al. Human cardiovascular and metabolic response to acute, severe isovolemic anemia. JAMA 1998;279(3):217-21. [PMID: 9438742]

  14. 567. Carson JL, Duff A, Berlin JA, et al. Perioperative blood transfusion and postoperative mortality. JAMA 1998;279(3):199-205. [PMID: 9438739]

  15. 568. Salpeter SR, Buckley JS, Chatterjee S. Impact of more restrictive blood transfusion strategies on clinical outcomes: a meta-analysis and systematic review. Am J Med 2014;127(2):124-31.e3. [PMID: 24331453]

  16. 569. Fakhry SM, Fata P. How low is too low? Cardiac risks with anemia. Crit Care 2004;8 Suppl 2:S11-4. [PMID: 15196315]

  17. 570. Marik PE, Corwin HL. Efficacy of red blood cell transfusion in the critically ill: a systematic review of the literature. Crit Care Med 2008;36(9):2667-74. [PMID: 18679112]

  18. 571. Ducrocq G, Gonzalez-Juanatey JR, Puymirat E, et al. Effect of a restrictive vs liberal blood transfusion strategy on major cardiovascular events among patients with acute myocardial infarction and anemia: the REALITY randomized clinical trial. JAMA 2021;325(6):552-60. [PMID: 33560322]

  19. 572. Carson JL, Stanworth SJ, Roubinian N, et al. Transfusion thresholds and other strategies for guiding allogeneic red blood cell transfusion. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2016;10:CD002042. [PMID: 27731885]

  20. 573. Napolitano LM, Corwin HL. Efficacy of red blood cell transfusion in the critically ill. Crit Care Clin 2004;20(2):255-68. [PMID: 15135464]

  21. 574. Galel SA, Fontaine MJ, Viele MK, et al. Transfusion medicine. In: Greer JP, Arber DA, Glader B, et al, editors. Wintrobe’s Clinical Hematology. 13th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2014. p. 547-86. [ISBN: 978-1-451-17268-3]

  22. 575. Frank SM, Abazyan B, Ono M, et al. Decreased erythrocyte deformability after transfusion and the effects of erythrocyte storage duration. Anesth Analg 2013;116(5):975-81. [PMID: 23449853]

  23. 576. Tinmouth A, Fergusson D, Yee IC, Hébert PC. Clinical consequences of red cell storage in the critically ill. Transfusion 2006;46(11):2014-27. [PMID: 17076859]

  24. 577. Barshtein G, Manny N, Yedgar S. Circulatory risk in the transfusion of red blood cells with impaired flow properties induced by storage. Transfus Med Rev 2011;25(1):24-35. [PMID: 21134624]

Διανέμεται από τους Μάρτυρες του Ιεχωβά—Υπηρεσίες Πληροφοριών για Νοσοκομεία

http://www.pr418.com/el/ιατρική-βιβλιοθήκη

Κλινικές Μέθοδοι για την Αποφυγή και τον Έλεγχο της Αιμορραγίας και της Αναιμίας Χωρίς Μετάγγιση Αίματος σε Χειρουργικούς Ασθενείς a

© 2001, 2023 Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania. Email: HIS@jw.org

a Αυτό το έντυπο Κλινικές Μέθοδοι είναι μια πηγή πληροφοριών και παραπομπών μόνο για γιατρούς. Δεν παρέχει ιατρικές συμβουλές ούτε εισηγήσεις θεραπείας και δεν υποκαθιστά κανέναν κατάλληλα ειδικευμένο επαγγελματία στον τομέα της ιατρικής περίθαλψης. Ο συντάκτης δεν συστήνει ούτε υποστηρίζει οποιεσδήποτε εξετάσεις, γιατρούς, προϊόντα ή διαδικασίες και έχει προσπαθήσει να συμπεριλάβει ακριβείς και επίκαιρες πληροφορίες. Ωστόσο, δεν είναι όλες οι μέθοδοι που εμφανίζονται εδώ κατάλληλες ή αποδεκτές από όλους τους ασθενείς. Αποτελεί ευθύνη του κάθε επαγγελματία στον τομέα του ιατρικού κλάδου να είναι ενήμερος για τυχόν νέες πληροφορίες, να εξετάζει επιλογές ιατρικής φροντίδας και να βοηθάει τους ασθενείς να παίρνουν αποφάσεις που συμφωνούν με τις επιθυμίες τους, τις αξίες τους και τις πεποιθήσεις τους. Οι ασθενείς πρέπει πάντα να ζητούν τη συμβουλή ενός ειδικευμένου επαγγελματία στον τομέα της ιατρικής περίθαλψης όσον αφορά κάποια ιατρική πάθηση ή θεραπεία.

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