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Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery

Transfusion Risks and Uncertainties

Variation in transfusion practices and the effect on outcomes after noncardiac surgery. (opens new window)

Abdelsattar ZM, Hendren S, Wong SL, Campbell DA Jr, Henke P.

Source‎: Ann Surg 2015;262(1):1-6.

Indexed‎: PubMed 26020111

DOI‎: 10.1097/SLA.0000000000001264

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26020111 (opens new window)

Blood transfusion and the risk of atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery. (opens new window)

Alameddine AK, Visintainer P, Alimov VK, Rousou JA.

Source‎: J Card Surg 2014;29(5):593-9.

Indexed‎: PubMed 24965706

DOI‎: 10.1111/jocs.12383

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24965706 (opens new window)

Impact of blood product transfusion on short and long-term survival after cardiac surgery: more evidence. (opens new window)

Bhaskar B, Dulhunty J, Mullany DV, Fraser JF.

Source‎: Ann Thorac Surg 2012;94(2):460-7.

Indexed‎: PubMed 22626751

DOI‎: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2012.04.005

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22626751 (opens new window)

Postoperative complications associated with transfusion of platelets and plasma in cardiac surgery. (opens new window)

Bilgin YM, van de Watering LM, Versteegh MI, van Oers MH, Vamvakas EC, Brand A.

Source‎: Transfusion 2011;51(12):2603-10.

Indexed‎: PubMed 21645007

DOI‎: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2011.03200.x

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21645007 (opens new window)

Characterizing the epidemiology of perioperative transfusion-associated circulatory overload. (opens new window)

Clifford L, Jia Q, Yadav H, Subramanian A, Wilson GA, Murphy SP, Pathak J, Schroeder DR, Ereth MH, Kor DJ.

Source‎: Anesthesiology 2015;122(1):21-8.

Indexed‎: PubMed 25611653

DOI‎: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000000513

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25611653 (opens new window)

Conservative versus liberal red cell transfusion in acute myocardial infarction (the CRIT Randomized Pilot Study). (opens new window)

Cooper HA, Rao SV, Greenberg MD, Rumsey MP, McKenzie M, Alcorn KW, Panza JA.

Source‎: Am J Cardiol 2011;108(8):1108-11.

Indexed‎: PubMed 21791325

DOI‎: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2011.06.014

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21791325 (opens new window)

The independent effects of anemia and transfusion on mortality after coronary artery bypass. (opens new window)

Engoren M, Schwann TA, Habib RH, Neill SN, Vance JL, Likosky DS.

Source‎: Ann Thorac Surg 2014;97(2):514-20.

Indexed‎: PubMed 24206967

DOI‎: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2013.09.019

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24206967 (opens new window)

Is transfusion associated with graft occlusion after cardiac operations? (opens new window)

Engoren M, Schwann TA, Jewell E, Neill S, Benedict P, Likosky DS, Habib RH.

Source‎: Ann Thorac Surg 2015;99(2):502-8.

Indexed‎: PubMed 25497075

DOI‎: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2014.09.028

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25497075 (opens new window)

The relationship between intraoperative blood transfusion and postoperative systemic inflammatory response syndrome. (opens new window)

Ferraris VA, Ballert EQ, Mahan A.

Source‎: Am J Surg 2013;205(4):457-65.

Indexed‎: PubMed 23414633

DOI‎: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2012.07.042

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23414633 (opens new window)

Risks of packed red blood cell transfusion in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. (opens new window)

Gerber DR.

Source‎: J Crit Care 2012;27(6):737.e1-9.

Indexed‎: PubMed 22762927

DOI‎: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2012.05.007

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22762927 (opens new window)

Association between intraoperative blood transfusion and mortality and morbidity in patients undergoing noncardiac surgery. (opens new window)

Glance LG, Dick AW, Mukamel DB, Fleming FJ, Zollo RA, Wissler R, Salloum R, Meredith UW, Osler TM.

Source‎: Anesthesiology 2011;114(2):283-92.

Indexed‎: PubMed 21239971

DOI‎: 10.1097/ALN.0b013e3182054d06

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21239971 (opens new window)

Blood transfusion and infection after cardiac surgery. (opens new window)

Horvath KA, Acker MA, Chang H, Bagiella E, Smith PK, Iribarne A, Kron IL, Lackner P, Argenziano M, Ascheim DD, Gelijns AC, Michler RE, Van Patten D, Puskas JD, O'Sullivan K, Kliniewski D, Jeffries NO, O'Gara PT, Moskowitz AJ, Blackstone EH.

Source‎: Ann Thorac Surg 2013;95(6):2194-201.

Indexed‎: PubMed 23647857

DOI‎: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2012.11.078

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23647857 (opens new window)

Blood transfusions are associated with urinary biomarkers of kidney injury in cardiac surgery. (opens new window)

Khan UA, Coca SG, Hong K, Koyner JL, Garg AX, Passik CS, Swaminathan M, Garwood S, Patel UD, Hashim S, Quantz MA, Parikh CR.

Source‎: J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2014;148(2):726-32.

Indexed‎: PubMed 24820190

DOI‎: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2013.09.080

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24820190 (opens new window)

Blood transfusions in cardiac surgery: indications, risks, and conservation strategies. (opens new window)

Kilic A, Whitman GJ.

Source‎: Ann Thorac Surg 2014;97(2):726-34.

Indexed‎: PubMed 24359936

DOI‎: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2013.08.016

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24359936 (opens new window)

Perioperative red blood cell transfusion is associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes in heart valve surgery. (opens new window)

Kim HJ, Kim JE, Lee JY, Lee SH, Jung JS, Son HS

Source‎: Anesth Analg. 2023 1;137(1):153-61. Epub 2022 Nov 1.

Indexed‎: PubMed 36730895

DOI‎: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000006245

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36730895/ (opens new window)

Persistent effect of red cell transfusion on health-related quality of life after cardiac surgery. (opens new window)

Koch CG, Khandwala F, Li L, Estafanous FG, Loop FD, Blackstone EH.

Source‎: Ann Thorac Surg 2006;82(1):13-20.

Indexed‎: PubMed 16798179

DOI‎: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2005.07.075

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16798179 (opens new window)

Morbidity and mortality risk associated with red blood cell and blood-component transfusion in isolated coronary artery bypass grafting. (opens new window)

Koch CG, Li L, Duncan AI, Mihaljevic T, Cosgrove DM, Loop FD, Starr NJ, Blackstone EH.

Source‎: Crit Care Med 2006;34(6):1608-16.

Indexed‎: PubMed 16607235

DOI‎: 10.1097/01.CCM.0000217920.48559.D8

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16607235 (opens new window)

Transfusion in coronary artery bypass grafting is associated with reduced long-term survival. (opens new window)

Koch CG, Li L, Duncan AI, Mihaljevic T, Loop FD, Starr NJ, Blackstone EH.

Source‎: Ann Thorac Surg 2006;81(5):1650-7.

Indexed‎: PubMed 16631651

DOI‎: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2005.12.037

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16631651 (opens new window)

Red cell transfusion is associated with an increased risk for postoperative atrial fibrillation. (opens new window)

Koch CG, Li L, Van Wagoner DR, Duncan AI, Gillinov AM, Blackstone EH.

Source‎: Ann Thorac Surg 2006;82(5):1747-56.

Indexed‎: PubMed 17062241

DOI‎: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2006.05.045

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17062241 (opens new window)

Effect of peri-operative red blood cell transfusion on 30-day and 1-year mortality following coronary artery bypass surgery. (opens new window)

Kuduvalli M, Oo AY, Newall N, Grayson AD, Jackson M, Desmond MJ, Fabri BM, Rashid A.

Source‎: Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2005;27(4):592-8.

Indexed‎: PubMed 15784356

DOI‎: 10.1016/j.ejcts.2005.01.030

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15784356 (opens new window)

Blood transfusion after percutaneous coronary intervention and risk of subsequent adverse outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. (opens new window)

Kwok CS, Sherwood MW, Watson SM, Nasir SB, Sperrin M, Nolan J, Kinnaird T, Kiatchoosakun S, Ludman PF, de Belder MA, Rao SV, Mamas MA.

Source‎: JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2015;8(3):436-46.

Indexed‎: PubMed 25703883

DOI‎: 10.1016/j.jcin.2014.09.026

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25703883 (opens new window)

The least of 3 evils: exposure to red blood cell transfusion, anemia, or both? (opens new window)

Loor G, Rajeswaran J, Li L, Sabik JF 3rd, Blackstone EH, McCrae KR, Koch CG.

Source‎: J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2013;146(6):1480-7.e6.

Indexed‎: PubMed 23998782

DOI‎: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2013.06.033

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23998782 (opens new window)

Efficacy of red blood cell transfusion in the critically ill: a systematic review of the literature. (opens new window)

Marik PE, Corwin HL.

Source‎: Crit Care Med 2008;36(9):2667-74.

Indexed‎: PubMed 18679112

DOI‎: 10.1097/CCM.0b013e3181844677

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18679112 (opens new window)

Red blood cell transfusion is a determinant of neurological complications after cardiac surgery. (opens new window)

Mariscalco G, Biancari F, Juvonen T, Zanobini M, Cottini M, Banach M, Murphy GJ, Beghi C, Angelini GD.

Source‎: Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2015;20(2):166-71.

Indexed‎: PubMed 25368133

DOI‎: 10.1093/icvts/ivu360

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25368133 (opens new window)

Prognostic impact of blood transfusion after primary angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction: analysis from the CADILLAC (Controlled Abciximab and Device Investigation to Lower Late Angioplasty Complications) Trial. (opens new window)

Nikolsky E, Mehran R, Sadeghi HM, Grines CL, Cox DA, Garcia E, Tcheng JE, Griffin JJ, Guagliumi G, Stuckey T, Turco M, Fahy M, Lansky AJ, Stone GW.

Source‎: JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2009;2(7):624-32.

Indexed‎: PubMed 19628185

DOI‎: 10.1016/j.jcin.2009.05.004

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19628185 (opens new window)

Blood transfusion is associated with increased morbidity and mortality after lower extremity revascularization. (opens new window)

O'Keeffe SD, Davenport DL, Minion DJ, Sorial EE, Endean ED, Xenos ES.

Source‎: J Vasc Surg 2010;51(3):616-21, 621.e1-3.

Indexed‎: PubMed 20110154

DOI‎: 10.1016/j.jvs.2009.10.045

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20110154 (opens new window)

The association of perioperative transfusion with 30-day morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing major vascular surgery. (opens new window)

Obi AT, Park YJ, Bove P, Cuff R, Kazmers A, Gurm HS, Grossman PM, Henke PK.

Source‎: J Vasc Surg 2015;61(4):1000-9.e1.

Indexed‎: PubMed 25596978

DOI‎: 10.1016/j.jvs.2014.10.106

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25596978 (opens new window)

Transfusion of 1 and 2 units of red blood cells is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. (opens new window)

Paone G, Likosky DS, Brewer R, Theurer PF, Bell GF, Cogan CM, Prager RL; Membership of the Michigan Society of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgeons.

Source‎: Ann Thorac Surg 2014;97(1):87-94.

Indexed‎: PubMed 24094521

DOI‎: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2013.07.020

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24094521 (opens new window)

Relationship of blood transfusion and clinical outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndromes. (opens new window)

Rao SV, Jollis JG, Harrington RA, Granger CB, Newby LK, Armstrong PW, Moliterno DJ, Lindblad L, Pieper K, Topol EJ, Stamler JS, Califf RM.

Source‎: JAMA 2004;292(13):1555-62.

Indexed‎: PubMed 15467057

DOI‎: 10.1001/jama.292.13.1555

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15467057 (opens new window)

Allogeneic blood transfusions explain increased mortality in women after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. (opens new window)

Rogers MA, Blumberg N, Saint SK, Kim C, Nallamothu BK, Langa KM.

Source‎: Am Heart J 2006;152(6):1028-34.

Indexed‎: PubMed 17161047

DOI‎: 10.1016/j.ahj.2006.07.009

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17161047 (opens new window)

Health care-associated infection after red blood cell transfusion: a systematic review and meta-analysis. (opens new window)

Rohde JM, Dimcheff DE, Blumberg N, Saint S, Langa KM, Kuhn L, Hickner A, Rogers MA.

Source‎: JAMA 2014;311(13):1317-26.

Indexed‎: PubMed 24691607

DOI‎: 10.1001/jama.2014.2726

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24691607 (opens new window)

Intraoperative blood transfusion of one or two units of packed red blood cells is associated with a fivefold risk of stroke in patients undergoing elective carotid endarterectomy. (opens new window)

Rubinstein C, Davenport DL, Dunnagan R, Saha SP, Ferraris VA, Xenos ES.

Source‎: J Vasc Surg 2013;57(2 Suppl):53S-7S.

Indexed‎: PubMed 23336856

DOI‎: 10.1016/j.jvs.2012.07.059

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23336856 (opens new window)

Impaired red blood cell deformability after transfusion of stored allogeneic blood but not autologous salvaged blood in cardiac surgery patients. (opens new window)

Salaria ON, Barodka VM, Hogue CW, Berkowitz DE, Ness PM, Wasey JO, Frank SM.

Source‎: Anesth Analg 2014;118(6):1179-87.

Indexed‎: PubMed 24806142

DOI‎: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000000227

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24806142 (opens new window)

Impact on early and late mortality after blood transfusion in coronary artery bypass graft surgery. (opens new window)

Santos AA, Sousa AG, Thomé HO, Machado RL, Piotto RF.

Source‎: Rev Bras Cir Cardiovasc 2013;28(1):1-9.

Indexed‎: PubMed 23739927

DOI‎: 10.5935/1678-9741.20130003

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23739927 (opens new window)

Perioperative anemia and transfusions and late mortality in coronary artery bypass patients. (opens new window)

Schwann TA, Vekstein AM, Engoren M, Grau-Sepulveda M, O'Brien S, Engelman D, Lobdell KW, Gaudino MF, Salenger R, Habib RH

Source‎: Ann Thorac Surg 2023 115(3):759-69.

Indexed‎: PubMed 36574523

DOI‎: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2022.11.012

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36574523/ (opens new window)

Blood transfusion in cardiac surgery does increase the risk of 5-year mortality: results from a contemporary series of 1714 propensity-matched patients. (opens new window)

Shaw RE, Johnson CK, Ferrari G, Brizzio ME, Sayles K, Rioux N, Zapolanski A, Grau JB.

Source‎: Transfusion 2014;54(4):1106-13.

Indexed‎: PubMed 23909477

DOI‎: 10.1111/trf.12364

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23909477 (opens new window)

Balancing the benefits and risks of blood transfusions in patients undergoing cardiac surgery: a propensity-matched analysis. (opens new window)

Shaw RE, Johnson CK, Ferrari G, Zapolanski A, Brizzio M, Rioux N, Edara S, Sperling J, Grau JB.

Source‎: Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2013;17(1):96-102.

Indexed‎: PubMed 23537850

DOI‎: 10.1093/icvts/ivt124

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23537850 (opens new window)

Patterns and outcomes of red blood cell transfusion in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. (opens new window)

Sherwood MW, Wang Y, Curtis JP, Peterson ED, Rao SV.

Source‎: JAMA 2014;311(8):836-43.

Indexed‎: PubMed 24570247

DOI‎: 10.1001/jama.2014.980

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24570247 (opens new window)

Impact of blood transfusion on short- and long-term mortality in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. (opens new window)

Shishehbor MH, Madhwal S, Rajagopal V, Hsu A, Kelly P, Gurm HS, Kapadia SR, Lauer MS, Topol EJ.

Source‎: JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2009;2(1):46-53.

Indexed‎: PubMed 19463397

DOI‎: 10.1016/j.jcin.2008.09.011

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19463397 (opens new window)

Impact of red blood cell transfusion on platelet aggregation and inflammatory response in anemic coronary and noncoronary patients: the TRANSFUSION-2 study (impact of transfusion of red blood cell on platelet activation and aggregation studied with flow cytometry use and light transmission aggregometry). (opens new window)

Silvain J, Abtan J, Kerneis M, Martin R, Finzi J, Vignalou JB, Barthélémy O, O'Connor SA, Luyt CE, Brechot N, Mercadier A, Brugier D, Galier S, Collet JP, Chastre J, Montalescot G.

Source‎: J Am Coll Cardiol 2014;63(13):1289-96.

Indexed‎: PubMed 24361322

DOI‎: 10.1016/j.jacc.2013.11.029

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24361322 (opens new window)

Platelet transfusions during coronary artery bypass graft surgery are associated with serious adverse outcomes. (opens new window)

Spiess BD, Royston D, Levy JH, Fitch J, Dietrich W, Body S, Murkin J, Nadel A.

Source‎: Transfusion 2004;44(8):1143-8.

Indexed‎: PubMed 15265117

DOI‎: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2004.03322.x

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15265117 (opens new window)

The association of perioperative red blood cell transfusions and decreased long-term survival after cardiac surgery. (opens new window)

Surgenor SD, Kramer RS, Olmstead EM, Ross CS, Sellke FW, Likosky DS, Marrin CA, Helm RE Jr, Leavitt BJ, Morton JR, Charlesworth DC, Clough RA, Hernandez F, Frumiento C, Benak A, DioData C, O'Connor GT; Northern New England Cardiovascular Disease Study Group.

Source‎: Anesth Analg 2009;108(6):1741-6.

Indexed‎: PubMed 19448195

DOI‎: 10.1213/ane.0b013e3181a2a696

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19448195 (opens new window)

Blood transfusion for lower extremity bypass is associated with increased wound infection and graft thrombosis. (opens new window)

Tan TW, Farber A, Hamburg NM, Eberhardt RT, Rybin D, Doros G, Eldrup-Jorgensen J, Goodney PP, Cronenwett JL, Kalish JA; Vascular Study Group of New England.

Source‎: J Am Coll Surg 2013;216(5):1005-1014.e2.

Indexed‎: PubMed 23535163

DOI‎: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2013.01.006

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23535163 (opens new window)

Transfusion of red blood cells: the impact on short-term and long-term survival after coronary artery bypass grafting, a ten-year follow-up. (opens new window)

van Straten AH, Bekker MW, Soliman Hamad MA, van Zundert AA, Martens EJ, Schönberger JP, de Wolf AM.

Source‎: Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2010;10(1):37-42.

Indexed‎: PubMed 19815567

DOI‎: 10.1510/icvts.2009.214551

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19815567 (opens new window)

Survival and length of stay following blood transfusion in octogenarians following cardiac surgery. (opens new window)

Veenith T, Sharples L, Gerrard C, Valchanov K, Vuylsteke A.

Source‎: Anaesthesia 2010;65(4):331-6.

Indexed‎: PubMed 20148816

DOI‎: 10.1111/j.1365-2044.2009.06225.x

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20148816 (opens new window)

The role of patient's profile and allogeneic blood transfusion in development of post-cardiac surgery infections: a retrospective study. (opens new window)

Vranken NP, Weerwind PW, Barenbrug PJ, Teerenstra S, Ganushchak YM, Maessen JG.

Source‎: Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2014;19(2):232-8.

Indexed‎: PubMed 24729199

DOI‎: 10.1093/icvts/ivu096

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24729199 (opens new window)

Transfusion of older stored blood and risk of death: a meta-analysis. (opens new window)

Wang D, Sun J, Solomon SB, Klein HG, Natanson C.

Source‎: Transfusion 2012;52(6):1184-95.

Indexed‎: PubMed 22188419

DOI‎: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2011.03466.x

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22188419 (opens new window)

Perioperative blood transfusion is associated with worse clinical outcomes in resected lung cancer. (opens new window)

Wang T, Luo L, Huang H, Yu J, Pan C, Cai X, Hu B, Yin X.

Source‎: Ann Thorac Surg 2014;97(5):1827-37.

Indexed‎: PubMed 24674755

DOI‎: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2013.12.044

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24674755 (opens new window)

The deleterious effect of red blood cell storage on microvascular response to transfusion. (opens new window)

Weinberg JA, Maclennan PA, Vandromme-Cusick MJ, Magnotti LJ, Kerby JD, Rue LW 3rd, Angotti JM, Garrett CA, Hendrick LE, Croce MA, Fabian TC, Barnum SR, Patel RP.

Source‎: J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2013;75(5):807-12.

Indexed‎: PubMed 24158198

DOI‎: 10.1097/TA.0b013e3182a74a9b

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24158198 (opens new window)

Perioperative transfusion and long-term mortality after cardiac surgery: a meta-analysis. (opens new window)

Woldendorp K, Manuel L, Srivastava A, Doane M, Bassin L, Marshman D

Source‎: Gen Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2023 71(6):323-330.

Indexed‎: PubMed 36884106

DOI‎: 10.1007/s11748-023-01923-w

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36884106/ (opens new window)

Dose-dependent effects of intraoperative low volume red blood cell transfusions on postoperative outcomes in cardiac surgery patients. (opens new window)

Yu PJ, Cassiere HA, Dellis SL, Esposito RA, Kohn N, LaConti D, Hartman AR.

Source‎: J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2014;28(6):1545-9.

Indexed‎: PubMed 25263773

DOI‎: 10.1053/j.jvca.2014.05.025

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25263773 (opens new window)