“Poland Nyɛmimɛi” Lɛ—Mɛni Hewɔ Awa Amɛ Yi?

Poland mlawoo kpee lɛ kɛ amanehulu ni naa wa waa ba jamɔŋ kuu bibioo ko ni ale amɛ akɛ Poland Nyɛmimɛi lɛ anɔ yɛ afi 1638. Afite kuu lɛ sɔlemɔtsu kɛ woji akalamɔ tsɔne lɛ. Aha University of Raków lɛ kpá nitsumɔ, ni akɛ tsɔɔlɔi ni tsɔɔ nii yɛ jɛmɛ lɛ tee nomŋɔɔ mli.

Afii 20 sɛɛ lɛ, mlawoo kpee lɛ kɛ nifeemɔ ko fata he. Efã koni kuu lɛ mli bii fɛɛ ni amɛyifalɛ miihe ashɛ 10,000 loo nɔ ni fe nakai lɛ ashi maŋ lɛ mli. Te fee tɛŋŋ ni shihilɛ lɛ mli bawa waa nɛkɛ yɛ maŋ ni yɛ no beaŋ lɛ abuɔ lɛ akɛ eji maji ni amɛmli bii ahe jɔ fe fɛɛ yɛ Europa fɛɛ lɛ ateŋ ekome mli lɛ? Mɛni Poland Nyɛmimɛi lɛ efee ni ha amɛfee mɛi ni esa akɛ afee amɛ niseniianii ni naa wa tamɔ nɛkɛ?

ENƐ fɛɛ je shishi beni béi ni naa wa te shi yɛ Poland’s Calvinist Church lɛ mli lɛ. Nɔ̃ titri ni kɛ béi lɛ ba ji Triniti tsɔɔmɔ lɛ. Sɔlemɔ lɛ mli kuu ko ni taoɔ nibii amli lɛ hiɛnyiɛlɔi lɛ kpoo tsɔɔmɔ lɛ akɛ edamɔɔɔ ŋmalɛ nɔ. Enɛ ha sɔlemɔ lɛ mli hiɛnyiɛlɔi lɛ amli fũ ni eha kuu ni taoɔ nibii amli lɛ shĩ sɔlemɔ lɛ.

Calvinbii lɛ tsɛ́ atuatselɔi lɛ akɛ Ariusbii, * shi mɛi ni kɛ amɛhe kpɛtɛɔ kuu hee lɛ he lɛ sumɔɔ ni amɛtsɛ́ amɛhe akɛ Kristofoi aloo Poland Nyɛmimɛi. Ale amɛ hu akɛ Socinusbii, akɛ amɛ wo Italynyo ni ji Laelius Socinus, mɔ ni Servetus ná enɔ hewalɛ lɛ, ni ewɔfase ji Faustus Socinus ni fã gbɛ kɛtee Poland ni ebatsɔ gbɔmɔ wulu yɛ kuu lɛ mli lɛ.

Yɛ nakai be lɛ mli lɛ, Polandnyo ko ni abuɔ lɛ waa, Jan Sienieńsk miisumɔ koni ekɛ gbɛi ni ji “he ko ni yɔɔ diŋŋ, ni etsé ehe banee” ni aaada yɛ mli kɛya hiɛ lɛ awo sɔlemɔ hee lɛ. Beni Sienieńsk kɛ hegbɛ krɛdɛɛ ko ni Poland maŋtsɛ lɛ kɛha lɛ lɛ tsuɔ nii lɛ, eto Raków maŋ ni sɛɛ mli lɛ ebatsɔ Socinus jamɔ yɛ Poland lɛ shishi. Sienieński kɛ hegbɛi komɛi ha Raków maŋbii lɛ, ni nɔ ni fata he ji hegbɛ ni ayɔɔ akɛ akɛ he aaawo jamɔ mli kwraa.

Ŋaa nitsulɔi, datrɛfoi, tsofafutulɔi, maŋbii, kɛ mɛi ni jɛ kui srɔtoi amli lɛ bɔi maŋ hee lɛ mli baa. Kɛfata he lɛ, maŋ sɔɔlɔi ke yuu kɛjɛ Poland, Lithuania, Transylvania, France, kɛ England po kɛba jɛmɛ. Shi kɛlɛ, jeee mɛi heei ni eba nɛɛ fɛɛ kpɛlɛ Socinusbii ahemɔkɛyelii lɛ anɔ; no hewɔ lɛ, no sɛɛ afii etɛ mli, kɛjɛ afi 1569 kɛyashi afi 1572 mli lɛ, Raków batsɔ he ko ni asusuɔ Nyɔŋmɔ jamɔ he saji yɛ ni agbeee naa. Mɛni jɛ mli ba?

Shia ni Mli Egbála

Socinus kuu lɛ diɛŋtsɛ mli bagbála, ni mɛi ni hiɛ susumɔi ni fá babaoo mli lɛ tee afã kome ni mɛi ni yɔɔ susumɔi fioo pɛ lɛ tee afã kroko. Shi yɛ amɛbéi nɛɛ fɛɛ sɛɛ lɛ, hemɔkɛyelii ni amɛ fɛɛ amɛkɛtsuɔ nii lɛ yɛ srɔto kwraa. Amɛkpoo Triniti lɛ; amɛsumɔɔɔ ni amɛbaptisiɔ abifabii; yɛ bei babaoo mli lɛ, amɛhiɛɛɛ tawuu nibii ni amɛkɛ amɛhe wooo maŋkwramɔŋ gbɛhei amli. * Amɛtsɔɔ  mli hu akɛ hɛl ni ji piŋmɔ he ko kwraa bɛ. Yɛ enɛɛmɛi fɛɛ mli lɛ, amɛkpoo jamɔŋ blemasaji ni egbɛ eshwã lɛ.

Calvinist kɛ Katolik osɔfoi lɛ fɛɛ kɛ shitee-kɛ-woo ni naa wa ba kuu lɛ nɔ, shi Socinus osɔfoi lɛ kɛ jamɔ he tsuinamɔ shihilɛ ni Poland maŋtsɛmɛi tamɔ Sigismund II Augustus kɛ Stephen Báthory kɛha lɛ tsu nii kɛtsɔɔ amɛsusumɔi ahe nii.

Budny Nitsumɔ ni Sa Kadimɔ Waa Lɛ

Calvinist Biblia shishitsɔɔmɔ ni akɛtsuɔ nii waa yɛ nakai be lɛ mli lɛ tsuuu nikanelɔi babaoo ahiamɔ nii ahe nii. Jeee shishijee wiemɔi lɛ mli atsɔɔ shishi kɛjɛ, shi moŋ atsɔɔ shishi kɛjɛ Latin Vulgate kɛ French shishitsɔɔmɔ ni yɔɔ yɛ nakai beaŋ lɛ mli. Wolo ko kɛɛ akɛ: “Anɔkwayeli ni esa akɛ akɛtsu nii yɛ shishinumɔ ni yɔɔ sɛɛ lɛ he lɛ kɛ bɔ ni esa akɛ efee nɔ ni ja lɛ laajeɔ beni asumɔɔ ni akɛ wiemɔi ni ŋɔɔ atsu nii lɛ hewɔ.” Akɛ tɔ̃mɔi pii wo mli. No hewɔ lɛ, afɔ̃ nine atsɛ́ woloŋlelɔ ko ni ale lɛ ojogbaŋŋ ni gbɛi ji Szymon Budny lɛ koni ebajaje shishitsɔɔmɔ lɛ. Yiŋ ni ekpɛ ji akɛ, ebaafee nɔ ni yɔɔ mlɛo akɛ aaafee shishitsɔɔmɔ hee kwraa moŋ fe nɔ ni aaajaje emomo lɛ. Budny bɔi shishitsɔɔmɔ nitsumɔ lɛ aaafee afi 1567.

Beni Budny tsɔɔ shishi lɛ, epɛi wiemɔ fɛɛ wiemɔ kɛ gbɛi srɔtoi ni akɛtsuɔ nii lɛ mli fitsofitso bɔ ni mɔ ko mɔ ko bɛ Poland ni efee nakai pɛŋ. He ni Hebri ŋmalɛ lɛ kɛ naagbai baa yɛ lɛ, ekɛ eshishitsɔɔmɔ ŋmiiŋmi lɛ haa yɛ woji lɛ anaabui anaa. Yɛ hei ni ehe baahia lɛ, efeɔ wiemɔi heei ni ebɔɔ mɔdɛŋ ni ekɛ Poland wiemɔ kuku ni akɛtsuɔ nii daa yɛ ebei amli lɛ tsu nii. Oti ni ma ehiɛ ji ni eha nikanelɔ lɛ aná Biblia shishitsɔɔmɔ ni anɔkwayeli yɔɔ mli ni ja jogbaŋŋ.

Akala Biblia muu lɛ fɛɛ ni Budny tsɔɔ shishi lɛ yɛ afi 1572. Shi kɛlɛ, mɛi ni kala eshishitsɔɔmɔ lɛ fite Hela Ŋmalɛi ashishitsɔɔmɔ ni efee lɛ. Akɛni Budny nijiaŋ ejeee wui hewɔ lɛ, eje shishi ekwɛ mli koni efee lɛ ehee, ni agbe naa afii enyɔ sɛɛ. Budny Hela Ŋmalɛi ni etsɔɔ shishi jogbaŋŋ lɛ hi kwraa fe tsutsu shishitsɔɔmɔi ni afee yɛ Poland wiemɔ mli lɛ. Kɛfata he lɛ, ekɛ ŋwɛi gbɛi ni ji Yehowa lɛ wo hei pii.

Yɛ afii ohai 16 lɛ naagbee gbɛ kɛ afii ohai 17 lɛ mli klɛŋklɛŋ afii nyɔŋmai etɛ lɛ mli lɛ, Raków ni ji kuu lɛ maŋtiase lɛ batsɔ jamɔhe kɛ wolokasemɔhe. Poland Nyɛmimɛi lɛ ahiɛnyiɛlɔi kɛ woloŋmalɔi lɛ kala amɛ dɛhiɛmɔ woji kɛ woji krokomɛi yɛ jɛmɛ.

Amɛwo Wolokasemɔ He Hewalɛ

Poland Nyɛmimɛi lɛ awoji akalamɔ nitsumɔ lɛ batee hiɛ waa diɛŋtsɛ yɛ aaafee afi 1600 beni afee woji akalamɔ tsɔne ko yɛ Raków lɛ. Woji akalamɔ tsɔne lɛ nyɛɔ ekalaa saji bibii kɛ woji wuji fɛɛ yɛ wiemɔi babaoo mli. Etsɛɛɛ ni Raków batsɔ woji akalamɔhe ni hi fe fɛɛ yɛ Europe. Aheɔ ayeɔ akɛ akɛ nakai woji akalamɔ tsɔne lɛ kala woji ni shɛɔ 200 yɛ jɛmɛ yɛ afii 40 ni nyiɛ sɛɛ lɛ mli. Woji afeemɔ nitsumɔhe ni bɛŋkɛ, ní ji Poland Nyɛmimɛi lɛ anɔ̃ lɛ kɛ woji kpakpai ha ni akɛbaakala wolo nɛɛ.

Etsɛɛɛ ni Poland Nyɛmimɛi lɛ na bɔ ni ehe hiaa akɛ amɛaatsɔse amɛnanemɛi heyelilɔi lɛ kɛ mɛi krokomɛi. Yɛ enɛ hewɔ lɛ, ato University of Raków lɛ shishi yɛ afi 1602. Poland Nyɛmimɛi abihii kɛ agbɛnɛ Katolik kɛ Protestant gbekɛbii hii lɛ tee amɛyakase nii yɛ jɛmɛ. Eyɛ mli akɛ univɛsiti lɛ ji Nyɔŋmɔjamɔ he nikasemɔhe moŋ, shi jeee jamɔ pɛ ji nɔ ni atsɔɔ yɛ jɛmɛ. Nibii ni atsɔɔ yɛ jɛmɛ lɛ ekomɛi hu ji maŋsɛɛ wiemɔi, jeŋba he nikasemɔi, shika helɛtemɔ he nikasemɔ, yinɔsane, mla, nilee, jeŋ nileei, akɔntaabui, tsofafeemɔ, kɛ kpɔiaŋgbɔlemɔi. Ayɛ wojiatoohe wulu ko yɛ univɛsiti lɛ ni yaa hiɛ be fɛɛ be, yɛ woji akalamɔ tsɔne ni yɔɔ jɛmɛ lɛ hewɔ.

Yɛ be mli ni afii ohai 17 lɛ jeɔ shishi lɛ, etamɔ nɔ ni Poland Nyɛmimɛi lɛ baaya nɔ ashwere. Ni kɛlɛ, eyabaaa lɛ nakai.

Sɔlemɔ lɛ kɛ Nɔyeli lɛ Wuu Amɛshi

Zbigniew Ogonowski ni yɔɔ Polish Academy of Sciences lɛ tsɔɔ mli akɛ: “Yɛ afii ohai 17 lɛ mli afii nyɔŋmai etɛ lɛ mli naagbee gbɛ lɛ, Ariusbii ni yɔɔ Poland lɛ ashihilɛ babɔi fitemɔ mramra.” Nɔ ni ha eba lɛ nakai lɛ jɛ bɔ ni Katolik osɔfoi lɛ tee nɔ amɛkɛ ekãa tsu nii waa lɛ hewɔ. Osɔfoi lɛ kɛ gbɛ̀i srɔtoi fɛɛ ni amɛaanyɛ lɛ tsu nii, ni nɔ ni fata he ji heguɔgbee kɛ woloŋmaa ni akɛfiteɔ mɔ, koni akɛshwie Poland Nyɛmimɛi lɛ ahiɛ shi. Maŋkwramɔŋ shihilɛ ni tsake yɛ Poland lɛ ha tutuamɔ lɛ bafee mlɛo. Poland maŋtsɛ hee ni ji  Sigismund III Vasa ji Poland Nyɛmimɛi lɛ ahenyɛlɔ. Mɛi ni baye esɛɛ, titri lɛ John II Casimir Vasa hu fĩ mɔdɛŋ ni Katolik Sɔlemɔ lɛ bɔ lɛ sɛɛ waa koni amɛkɛte shi amɛwo Poland Nyɛmimɛi lɛ.

Saji amli bawo wu waa diɛŋtsɛ beni akɛɛ akɛ nikaselɔi fioo komɛi ni yɔɔ Raków lɛ je gbɛ amɛgbe krɔɔs lɛ he guɔ lɛ. Nɔ ni ba nɛɛ batsɔ yiŋtoo ni ejaaa ni adamɔ nɔ akɛkpata Poland Nyɛmimɛi lɛ amaŋtiase lɛ hiɛ. Afolɔ́ Raków nɔtsɛ lɛ naa yɛ mlawoo kpee lɛ saneyelihe lɛ hiɛ akɛ ‘eegbɛ efɔŋfeemɔ eeshwã’ kɛtsɔ University of Raków kɛ ewoji akalamɔ tsɔne lɛ sɛɛ ni efĩɔ hewɔ. Afolɔ Poland Nyɛmimɛi lɛ anaa akɛ amɛkɛ amɛhe miiwo jeŋba fitemɔ nifeemɔi amli, amɛkɛ amɛhe miiwo ahoshwibɔɔ nifeemɔi amli, ni amɛkɛ amɛhe miiwo jeŋba shara nifeemɔi amli. Mlawoo kpee lɛ kpɛ yiŋ akɛ, esa akɛ aha Raków Univɛsiti lɛ akpá nitsumɔ, koni agbɛnɛ afite Poland Nyɛmimɛi lɛ awoji akalamɔ tsɔne lɛ kɛ sɔlemɔtsu lɛ. Akɛ famɔ ha heyelilɔi lɛ koni amɛshi maŋ lɛ mli amɛya. Ashwie univɛsiti tsɔɔlɔi lɛ kɛjɛ maŋ lɛ mli ni kɛ́ amɛyaaa lɛ akɛ gbele fɔbuu baagbala amɛ toi. Poland Nyɛmimɛi lɛ ekomɛi shi kɛtee abobaahei ni yɔɔ shweshweeshwe tamɔ Silesia kɛ Slovakia.

Yɛ afi 1658 mli lɛ, mlawoo kpee lɛ wo akpɔ akɛ, esa akɛ Poland Nyɛmimɛi lɛ ahɔɔ amɛ nibii, ní amɛshi kɛya maŋsɛɛ yɛ afii etɛ mli. Sɛɛ mli lɛ, atsé be ni esa akɛ amɛkɛshi maŋ lɛ mli lɛ nɔ kɛba afii enyɔ. No sɛɛ lɛ abaagbe mɔ fɛɛ mɔ ni kɛ ehe woɔ amɛhemɔkɛyelii lɛ amli lɛ.

Socinusbii lɛ ekomɛi yahi Netherlands, he ni amɛyatsá amɛ woji akalamɔ nitsumɔ lɛ nɔ yɛ lɛ. Asafo ko tsu nii yɛ Transylvania aahu kɛyashi afii ohai 18 lɛ shishijee mli. Yɛ amɛkpeei ni afeɔ shii etɛ daa otsi lɛ shishi lɛ, amɛláa lalai, amɛboɔ shiɛmɔ wiemɔi atoi, ni amɛkaneɔ nii kɛjɛɔ jamɔŋ wolo ko ni afee koni akɛgbála amɛ tsɔɔmɔi amli atsɔɔ lɛ mli. Bɔni afee ni abu asafo lɛ hetsemɔ he lɛ, ajajeɔ nanemɛi heyelilɔi, awoɔ amɛ ŋaa, ni kɛ́ ehe bahia lɛ, ashwieɔ amɛ kɛjɛɔ asafo lɛ mli.

Poland Nyɛmimɛi lɛ ji Nyɔŋmɔ Wiemɔ lɛ he nikaselɔi. Amɛkpá shi amɛna anɔkwalei komɛi ni he yɔɔ sɛɛnamɔ waa, ni amɛgba mɛi krokomɛi enɛɛmɛi ni shishashaomɔ ko kwraa bɛ mli. Shi kɛlɛ, agbɛ amɛ ashwã Europe fɛɛ ni eha ewa kɛha amɛ waa be fɛɛ be akɛ amɛaahiɛ ekomefeemɔ ni yɔɔ amɛteŋ lɛ mli. Yɛ be ko sɛɛ lɛ, anaaa Poland Nyɛmimɛi lɛ dɔŋŋ.

[Shishigbɛ niŋmai]

[Mfoniri ni yɔɔ baafa 23]

Shia ni kulɛ eji Socinusbii osɔfo ko nɔ̃

[Mfonirii ni yɔɔ baafa 23]

Yiteŋgbɛ: Raków ŋmɛnɛ; nɔ ni yɔɔ kɛmiiya ninejurɔgbɛ lɛ ji mɔ kome shihilɔi ashia ni ato shishi yɛ afi 1650 koni akɛjie nɔ fɛɛ nɔ ni kɔɔ “Arius jamɔ” he lɛ kɛjɛ shihilɛ mli; shishigbɛ: Katolik osɔfoi lɛ fee krɔɔs amɛma shi yɛ nɛkɛ hé nɛɛ koni amɛkɛtee béi ashi yɛ amɛ kɛ Poland Nyɛmimɛi lɛ ateŋ

[He ni Mfoniri ni yɔɔ baafa 21]

Title card of Biblia nieświeska by Szymon Budny, 1572