Biblia lɛ ni Yɔɔ Kpo Kome Mli

BƆNI afee ni mra be mli Kristofoi lɛ afee Biblia lɛ ekomɛi babaoo lɛ, amɛkɛ wolokpo ni akɛ niji ŋmala—ni ji wolo muu ni jeee nɔ ni akotaa lɛ tsu nii titri. Shi kɛlɛ, jeee amrɔ nɔŋŋ Kristofoi je Biblia lɛ woji lɛ fɛɛ ni afee lɛ wolo kome lɛ afeemɔ shishi. Nifeemɔ ni he hiaa ni akɛfee Bibliai ni afee lɛ wolokpo kome koni akɛha yɛ he fɛɛ he lɛ ji nɔ ni Flavius Cassiodorus tsu he nii yɛ afii ohai ekpaa lɛ mli.

Afɔ́ Flavius Magnus Aurelius Cassiodorus yɛ aaafee afi 485-490 Ŋ.B. awo weku ni yɔɔ nii mli yɛ Calabria, yɛ ŋmɛnɛŋmɛnɛ beaŋ Italy wuoyigbɛ lɛ naa gbɛ. Ehi shi yɛ Italy yinɔsane be ni fee basabasafeemɔ be lɛ mli, beni Gothbii kɛ agbɛnɛ Byzantiumbii lɛ yahi ŋshɔkpɔ lɛ nɔ klɛŋklɛŋ lɛ. Beni Cassiodorus eye aaafee afii 60 loo 70 lɛ, eto Vivarium mɔ kome shihilɔi ashia kɛ wojiatoohe lɛ shishi yɛ eshia masɛi yɛ Squillace, Calabria.

Biblia Ŋmalɔ ni Kwɛɔ Ehe Nɔ Jogbaŋŋ

Nɔ ni fata Cassiodorus naagbai ni fe fɛɛ lɛ ahe ji bɔ ni aaafee ni Biblia lɛ ashɛ mɛi adɛŋ. Yinɔsaneŋmalɔ Peter Brown ŋma akɛ: “Yɛ Cassiodorus jwɛŋmɔ naa lɛ, esa akɛ akɛ Latin woji fɛɛ atsu nii yɛ Ŋmalɛi lɛ kɛhamɔ mli. Esa akɛ akɛ yelikɛbuamɔ nibii fɛɛ ni akɛtsuɔ nii tsutsu ko bɔni afee ni akane nii ni akase woloŋlee mli niŋmaai koni akwɛ nɔ aŋmala eko lɛ atsu nii ni anu Ŋmalɛi lɛ ashishi ni akwɛ nɔ aŋmala lɛ jogbaŋŋ diɛŋtsɛ. Tamɔ bɔ ni shibɔlemɔ ŋulamii ahe gbɛjianɔtoo hee ji lɛ, asusu akɛ Latin hiŋmɛigbelemɔ muu lɛ fɛɛ nyiɛɔ egbɛ nɔ kɛbɔleɔ Nyɔŋmɔ Wiemɔ lɛ hulu lɛkɛtɛɛ lɛ he.”

Cassiodorus bua wiemɔ shishitsɔɔlɔi kɛ mɛi ni he esa yɛ wiemɔ he mlai amli lɛ anaa kɛtee Vivarium mɔ kome shihilɔi ashia lɛ koni amɛkɛ Biblia lɛ mli saji lɛ fɛɛ ato nii ahe jogbaŋŋ kɛmɔ shi, ni amɛkwɛ woji aŋmaa he gbɛjianɔtoo ni ehe nitsumɔ wa lɛ nɔ. Ekɛ nitsumɔ lɛ wo hii woloŋlelɔi fioo komɛi pɛ adɛŋ. Ehe miihia ni mɛnɛɛmɛi akafee oya kɛjaje tɔmɔi ni asusuɔ akɛ mɛi ni ŋmala lɛ efee lɛ. Kɛ sanebimɔ ko yɛ wiemɔ he mla ko he lɛ, esa akɛ asusu blema Biblia woji ni akɛ niji ŋmala lɛ ahe akɛ nɔ ni anyɛɔ akɛ he fɔ̃ɔ nɔ waa fe Latin nɔ̃ ni akpɛlɛɔ nɔ ni akɛtsuɔ nii lɛ. Cassiodorus kɛ famɔ ha akɛ: “Esa akɛ abu . . . wiemɔ he mlai amli nibii ni yɔɔ srɔto kwraa lɛ ahe, ejaakɛ ŋmalɛ ni ale akɛ ejɛ mumɔŋ lɛ nyɛŋ abote fitemɔ mli. . . . Esa akɛ abu Biblia mli wiemɔi, saji ni akɛtoɔ nii ahe, kɛ wiemɔ su he mlai, kɛ́ bɔ ni Latin nɔ̃ yɔɔ ha lɛ eha srɔtofeemɔ wulu eba he kwraa po, tamɔ bɔ ni esa akɛ eba lɛ yɛ ‘Hebri’ nibii agbɛii ahe lɛ hu.”—The Cambridge History of the Bible.

Codex Grandior Lɛ

Akɛ famɔ ha mɛi ni kwɛɔ nii anɔ amɛŋmalaa yɛ Vivarium mɔ kome shihilɔi ashia lɛ mli lɛ koni kɛ hoo lɛ amɛfee Biblia lɛ ekomekomei srɔtoi etɛ yɛ Latin mli. Ekolɛ Old Latin ŋmalɛ ni ji shishitsɔɔmɔ ni je kpo yɛ afii ohai enyɔ lɛ naagbee gbɛ lɛ yɛ enɛɛmɛi ateŋ ekome ni yɔɔ kpoi nɛɛhu mli lɛ mli. Latin Vulgate ni Jerome gbe naa aaafee afii ohai enumɔ lɛ shishijee mli lɛ yɛ emli nɔ ni ji enyɔ lɛ mli. Aná nɔ ni ji etɛ ni ji Codex Grandior, ni shishi ji “wolokpo wulu ni akɛ niji ŋmala” lɛ kɛjɛ Biblia ŋmalɛi etɛ mli. Emli naagbee enyɔ lɛ bua Biblia woji lɛ fɛɛ naa ekome yɛ kpo kome mli.

Etamɔ nɔ ni Cassiodorus ji klɛŋklɛŋ mɔ ni fee  Latin Bibliai lɛ yɛ kpoi komekomei amli, ni ewo nomɛi agbɛi akɛ pandectae. * Ŋwanejee ko bɛ he akɛ ena nifeemɔ diɛŋtsɛ ni ji Biblia mli woji lɛ ni abuaa fɛɛ naa afeɔ lɛ kpo kome lɛ, ni yɛ no hewɔ lɛ ejieɔ be fitemɔ ni yɔɔ wolokpoi srɔtoi babaoo mli kwɛmɔ mli lɛ.

Kɛjɛ Italy Wuoyigbɛ Kɛtee British Isles

Beni Cassiodorus gbo (ekolɛ aaafee afi 583 Ŋ.B.) lɛ, etsɛɛɛ ni Codex Grandior gbɛfaa lɛ je shishi. No mli lɛ, aheɔ ayeɔ akɛ ájie Vivarium wojiatoohe lɛ kɛtee Lateran wojiatoohe ni yɔɔ Rome lɛ. Anglo-Saxon hii mɔ kome shihilɔ onukpa Ceolfrith hiɛ wolokpo ni akɛ niji ŋmala lɛ kɛba British Isles yɛ afi 678 Ŋ.B. beni eyahi Rome ni ekuɔ esɛɛ kɛbaa lɛ. No hewɔ lɛ, wolokpo lɛ yaje Wearmouth kɛ Jarrow ni ji mɔ kome shihilɔi ashiai enyɔ ni Ceolfrith kwɛ nɔ yɛ he ni atsɛɔ jɛmɛ amrɔ nɛɛ akɛ Northumbria yɛ England lɛ.

Ekolɛ Ceolfrith kɛ emɔ kome shihilɔi lɛ nyá Cassiodorus Biblia wolokpo kome lɛ he waa, ni ekolɛ bɔ ni ekɛ nitsumɔ waaa kwraa lɛ haa amɛsumɔɔ waa. No hewɔ lɛ, yɛ afii nyɔŋmai fioo komɛi pɛ mli lɛ, amɛfee Bibliai muu krokomɛi etɛ akɛ wolokpoi komekomei. Nɛkɛ woji nɛɛ ateŋ ekome pɛ ni ehi shi aahu lɛ ji wolo ni da waa ni akɛ niji ŋmala ni atsɛɔ lɛ akɛ Codex Amiatinus lɛ. Eyɛ kooloi ahewolo baafai 2,060 nɔ, ni eko fɛɛ eko lɛɛmɔ ji sɛntimitai 51 kɛ 33. Kɛ ehehaanɔ lɛ fata he lɛ etilɛ ji sɛntimitai 25 ni kɛ́ aŋmɛ lɛ etsiimɔ fe kilogram 34. No ji Latin Biblia lɛ wolokpo kome ni agbe naa ni etsɛ fe fɛɛ ni yɔɔ lolo. Afii ohai 19 lɛ mli Biblia He Nilelɔ Fenton J. A. Hort yɔse wolokpoi ni akɛ niji ŋmala lɛ yɛ afi 1887 mli. Hort wie akɛ: “Bɔ ni [wolo ni akɛ niji ŋmala] nɛɛ yɔɔ naakpɛɛ ha lɛ haa mɔ ni naa enɛ ŋmɛnɛŋmɛnɛ po lɛ he jɔ̃ɔ ehe waa.”

Sɛɛkuu Kɛmiiya Italy

Klɛŋklɛŋ Codex Grandior ni Cassiodorus ha afee lɛ elaaje agbɛnɛ. Shi Anglo-Saxon ni jɛ mli kɛba, ni ji Codex Amiatinus lɛ je gbɛfaa ko shishi kɛku sɛɛ kɛtee Italy beni agbe naa nɔŋŋ pɛ lɛ. Beni eshwɛ fioo ni Ceolfrith aaagbo lɛ, ekpɛ eyiŋ akɛ ebaaku esɛɛ kɛya Rome. Ekɛ e-Latin Biblia woji etɛ ni akɛ niji ŋmala lɛ ekome tee koni ekɛyake Pope Gregory II. Ceolfrith gbo beni eyaa yɛ gbɛ lɛ nɔ lɛ yɛ afi 716 Ŋ.B. yɛ Langres, France. Shi mɛi ni kɛ lɛ fãa gbɛ lɛ kɛ e-Biblia lɛ tsa gbɛfaa lɛ nɔ kɛtee. Yɛ naagbee lɛ, akɛ wolokpo ni akɛ niji ŋmala lɛ wo wojiatoohe ni yɔɔ mɔ kome shihilɔi ashia ni yɔɔ Mount Amiata, Italy teŋgbɛ lɛ mli, ni jɛmɛ ji he ni aha lɛ gbɛi akɛ Codex Amiatinus lɛ yɛ. Ajie wolo ni akɛ niji ŋmala lɛ kɛtee Medicean-Laurentian Library yɛ afi 1782 yɛ Florence, Italy, ni jɛmɛ ji he ni tee nɔ efee wojiatoohe lɛ jwetri ni asumɔɔ fe fɛɛ ni ayɔɔ lɛ ateŋ ekome.

Te Codex Grandior lɛ esa wɔhe eha tɛŋŋ? Kɛjɛ Cassiodorus beaŋ lɛ, niŋmalɔi kɛ nikalalɔi lɛ etee nɔ amɛnyá Biblia ni afeɔ lɛ kpoi komekomei lɛ ahe waa diɛŋtsɛ. Kɛbashi amrɔ nɛɛ, Biblia lɛ ni aaaná lɛ nɛkɛ lɛ eha efee mlɛo kɛha gbɔmɛi akɛ amɛaakwɛ mli koni yɛ no feemɔ mli lɛ amɛná hewalɛ ni enáa yɛ amɛshihilɛi amli lɛ he sɛɛ.—Hebribii 4:12.

[Shishigbɛ niŋmaa]

[Shikpɔŋ he mfoniri ni yɔɔ baafa 29]

(Kɛ́ ootao ona bɔ ni saji nɛɛ ji diɛŋtsɛ lɛ, no lɛ kwɛmɔ wolo lɛ mli)

Journey of the Codex Grandior

Vivarium mɔ kome shihilɔi ashia

Rome

Jarrow

Wearmouth

Journey of the Codex Amiatinus

Jarrow

Wearmouth

Mt. Amiata

Florence

[He ni Sane lɛ Jɛ]

Mountain High Maps® Copyright © 1997 Digital Wisdom, Inc.

[Mfonirii ni yɔɔ baafa 30]

Yiteŋgbɛ: Codex Amiatinus Abɛkugbɛ: Ezra he mfoniri ni yɔɔ Codex Amiatinus lɛ mli

[He ni Sane lɛ Jɛ]

Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana, Firenze