Satan—Adesã Mli Gbɔmɔ loo Efɔŋfeelɔ ni Yɔɔ Diɛŋtsɛ?

MƐI ni susuɔ nii ahe lɛ etao akɛ amɛaale he ni esha jɛ, kɛjɛ bei ni etsɔ̃ hiɛ lɛ amli. A Dictionary of the Bible, ni James Hastings ŋma lɛ kɛɔ akɛ: “Yɛ adesai anii ahenumɔ mli hewalɛ lɛ shishijee mli lɛ, gbɔmɔ adesa na akɛ ekɛ hewalɛi ni enyɛɛɛ ekudɔ, ni yeɔ awui loo efiteɔ nii miikpe.” Nakai wolo lɛ nɔŋŋ hu kɛɔ akɛ: “Adesai ni tsɔ̃ hiɛ lɛ kɛ henumɔ taoɔ nibii ni kɛ no baa, ni amɛtsɔɔ hewalɛi lɛ kɛ adebɔɔ mli nibii ni baa lɛ ashishi akɛ mɔ aŋkro ko nifeemɔ.”

Taakɛ yinɔsaneŋmalɔi tsɔɔ mli lɛ, abaanyɛ ana he ni hemɔkɛyeli ni ayɔɔ yɛ daimonio nyɔŋmɔi kɛ mumɔi fɔji amli lɛ je shishi kɛjɛ, yɛ klɛŋklɛŋ yinɔsane ni kɔɔ Mesopotamia he lɛ mli. Babiloniabii ni hi shi yɛ blema lɛ he amɛye akɛ Nergal, nyɔŋmɔ su ko ni yitsoŋ wa ni atsɛɔ lɛ akɛ “mɔ ni shãa mɔ” lɛ ji mɔ ni yeɔ shishigbɛ je lɛ, loo “shikpɔŋ ni anyɛɛɛ sɛɛ aku,” lɛ nɔ. Amɛshe daimonioi hu gbeyei, ni amɛbɔ mɔdɛŋ akɛ amɛaatao amɛhiɛ duromɔ kɛtsɔ ashwai anifeemɔi anɔ. Yɛ Mizraimbii ablema saji amli lɛ, Set ji efɔŋfeemɔ nyɔŋmɔ, ni “akɛ su ni tamɔ kooloo ko ni he yɔɔ gbeyei ni yɔɔ gugɔ fɛtɛfɛtɛ ni etsɔ afã, toi kakadaji ni hiɛ koji ejwɛ, kɛ lei ni tamɔ faka ni yɔɔ keketee lɛ damɔ shi kɛha lɛ lɛ.”—Larousse Encyclopedia of Mythology.

Eyɛ mli akɛ Helabii kɛ Romabii lɛ yɛ nyɔŋmɔi ni mli hi kɛ nɔ ni yi wa moŋ, shi amɛbɛ esha nyɔŋmɔi ni nɔ kwɔ fe fɛɛ. Amɛ jeŋnilelɔi lɛ tsɔɔ shishitoo mlai enyɔ ni yɔɔ shihilɛ mli ni kɛ amɛhe kpãaa gbee. Yɛ Empedocles gbɛfaŋ lɛ, amɛji Suɔmɔ kɛ Gbeekpamɔ ni Bɛ. Yɛ Plato gbɛfaŋ lɛ, je lɛ yɛ “Susumai” enyɔ, ekome feɔ ekpakpa ni ekroko lɛ feɔ esha. Taakɛ Georges Minois tsɔɔ mli yɛ ewolo ni ji Le Diable (Abonsam Lɛ) mli lɛ, “wɔŋjamɔ ni atee hiɛ yɛ mli [Helabii kɛ Romabii] lɛ ekpɛlɛɛɛ nɔ akɛ Abonsam yɛ.”

Yɛ Iran lɛ, Zoroaster jamɔ lɛ tsɔɔ akɛ nyɔŋmɔi lɛ ateŋ mɔ ni nɔ kwɔ fe fɛɛ ni ji Ahura Mazda, loo Ormazd lɛ ji mɔ ni bɔ Angra Mainyu, loo Ahriman, ni lɛ ehala akɛ ebaafee efɔŋ ní no hewɔ ebatsɔ Mumɔ ni Fiteɔ Nii, loo Nifitelɔ lɛ.

Yɛ Yuda jamɔ lɛ mli lɛ, atsɔɔ Satan shishi yɛ gbɛ ni yɔɔ mlɛo nɔ akɛ Nyɔŋmɔ Henyɛlɔ ni kɛ esha ba. Shi yɛ afii ohai babaoo komɛi asɛɛ lɛ, wɔŋjamɔ he susumɔi fite nakai shishinumɔ lɛ. Encyclopaedia Judaica lɛ kɛɔ akɛ: “Tsakemɔ agbo ko etee nɔ . . . yɛ nyɛsɛɛ afii ohai D.Ŋ.B. lɛ mli. Yɛ nɛkɛ be nɛɛ mli lɛ, [Yudafoi] ajamɔ lɛ . . . hala tsɔɔmɔ ni kɔɔ gbɛjianɔtoi enyɔ ni yɔɔ je lɛŋ lɛ he okadii babaoo yɛ esha kɛ shishiumɔ he hewalɛi ni naa wa ni yɔɔ shikpɔŋ lɛ nɔ, ni teɔ shi shiɔ Nyɔŋmɔ kɛ ekpakpa kɛ anɔkwale he hewalɛi ni yɔɔ ŋwɛi lɛ he. Etamɔ nɔ ni  enɛ jɛ hewalɛ ni Persia jamɔ lɛ ná yɛ mɛi anɔ lɛ mli kɛba.” The Concise Jewish Encyclopedia lɛ jaje akɛ: “Aha mɛi ná hebuu kɛjɛ d[aimonioi] ahe kɛtsɔ kitai anɔyeli kɛ sɛbɛi ni akɛŋmɔɔ hɛ lɛ nɔ.”

Kristofoi A-Nyɔŋmɔ Jamɔ He Nilee He Hemɔkɛyeli Kwamɔ

Taakɛ bɔ ni Yuda jamɔ hala susumɔi ni damɔɔɔ Biblia nɔ yɛ Satan kɛ daimonioi ahe lɛ, nakai nɔŋŋ Kristofoi ni ji hemɔkɛyeli kwalɔi lɛɛ susumɔi ni damɔɔɔ ŋmalɛ nɔ lɛ mli. The Anchor Bible Dictionary lɛ kɛɔ akɛ: “Blema nyɔŋmɔjamɔ he nilee he susumɔi lɛ ateŋ ekome ni mli wa waa ji akɛ, Nyɔŋmɔ kpɔ̃ ewebii lɛ kɛtsɔ Satan ni ewo amɛjiemɔ he nyɔmɔ eha lɛ lɛ nɔ.” Irenaeus (afii ohai enyɔ Ŋ.B.) ji mɔ ni kɛ nɛkɛ susumɔ nɛɛ ba. Origen, (afii ohai etɛ Ŋ.B.) tee nɔ elɛɛ tsɔɔmɔ nɛɛ mli akɛ “Abonsam ŋɔ adesai yɛ mla naa” ni ebu “Kristo gbele lɛ . . . akɛ kpɔmɔ nɔ ni awo aha Abonsam.”—History of Dogma, ni Adolf Harnack ŋma lɛ.

Taakɛ The Catholic Encyclopedia, lɛ tsɔɔ mli lɛ, “[susumɔ ákɛ awo kpɔmɔ nɔ lɛ aha Abonsam] lɛ ná gbɛhe ni nɔ kwɔ waa yɛ yinɔsane ni kɔɔ nyɔŋmɔjamɔ he nilee he lɛ mli aaafee afii akpe,” ni ehi shi akɛ sɔlemɔ mli hemɔkɛyeli lɛ fã. Sɔlemɔ lɛ Paapai krokomɛi, ni Augustine (afii ohai ejwɛ-enumɔ Ŋ.B.) fata he lɛ, kpɛlɛ kpɔmɔ nɔ ni awo aha Satan lɛ he susumɔ lɛ nɔ. Yɛ naagbee lɛ, beni shɛɔ afii ohai 12 Ŋ.B. lɛ, Katolik nyɔŋmɔjamɔ he nilelɔi Anselm kɛ Abelard mu sane naa akɛ, jeee Satan akɛ Kristo afɔleshaa lɛ hã shi moŋ Nyɔŋmɔ.

Teŋgbɛ Afii lɛ Amli Apasa Hemɔkɛyelii

Eyɛ mli akɛ Katolik Sɔlemɔ lɛ mli gwabɔɔi lɛ fee dioo yɛ sane ni kɔɔ Satan he lɛ he yɛ gbɛ ni yɔɔ naakpɛɛ nɔ moŋ, shi yɛ afi 1215 Ŋ.B. lɛ, Fourth Lateran Council lɛ kɛ nɔ ni New Catholic Encyclopedia lɛ tsɛɔ no akɛ “hemɔkɛyeli jajemɔ yɛ nyɔŋmɔjamɔ su mli” lɛ ha. Mla ni Ji 1 lɛ kɛɔ akɛ: “Nyɔŋmɔ bɔ Abonsam kɛ daimonioi krokomɛi lɛ akɛ mɛi kpakpai yɛ adebɔɔ naa, shi amɛ diɛŋtsɛ amɛnifeemɔ ha amɛbatsɔmɔ mɛi fɔji.” Ekɛ fata he akɛ, amɛtsuɔ nii waa kɛbɔɔ mɔdɛŋ koni amɛka adesai. Nɛkɛ naagbee susumɔ nɛɛ bote mɛi babaoo ajwɛŋmɔi amli yɛ Teŋgbɛ Afii lɛ amli. Satan hɔ nɔ fɛɛ nɔ ni etamɔ nɔ ni efɔɔɔ kaa, tamɔ helai ni yɔɔ gbeyei, kpatu gbele, loo ŋmɔshi nibii ni efeee ekpakpa lɛ sɛɛ. Yɛ afi 1233 Ŋ.B. lɛ, Paapa Gregory IX lɛ wo akpɔi srɔtoi eshi apasa tsɔɔlɔi, ni nɔ ni fata enɛ he ji eko ni awo ashi Luciferiabii, mɛi ni asusu akɛ amɛjáa Abonsam lɛ.

Etsɛɛɛ ni hemɔkɛyeli ni aná akɛ Abonsam loo edaimonioi lɛ baanyɛ aná mɛi anɔ hewalɛ lɛ ha mɛi babaoo ná jwɛŋmɔŋ hela—suu kɛ ayɛkpɛmɔ he gbeyeishemɔ ni anyɛɛɛ aye nɔ. Kɛjɛ afii ohai 13 kɛbashi afii ohai 17 lɛ mli lɛ, ayɛi ahe gbeyeishemɔ gbɛ eshwã Europa trukaa, ni eyashɛ Amerika Kooyigbɛ kɛtsɔ Europa shihelɔi lɛ anɔ. Protestant jamɔ mli hiɛtsakelɔi Martin Luther kɛ John Calvin kwraa po kpɛlɛ mɛi ahe gbeyei ni ayɛi woɔ lɛ nɔ. Yɛ Europa lɛ, Roma Katolik kɛ maŋ saneyelihei lɛ fɛɛ tsu ayɛi akojomɔi ni damɔ sane folo ko ni anu loo hetsɛ he naafolɔmɔi anɔ lɛ he nii. Afɔɔ niseniianiifeemɔ kɛ nitsumɔ ni akɛnyɛɔ mɛi anɔ koni amɛjaje amɛ “tɔmɔi” amɛtsɔɔ.

Abuɔ mɛi ni etɔ̃ lɛ gbele fɔ kɛtsɔ shã ni ashãa amɛ, loo yɛ England kɛ Scotland lɛ, kɛtsɔ sɛŋmɔ ni asɛŋɔ amɛ lɛ nɔ. Yɛ mɛi ni enɛ sa amɛhe lɛ ayibɔ gbɛfaŋ lɛ, The World Book Encyclopedia lɛ kɛɔ akɛ: “Taakɛ yinɔsaneŋmalɔi komɛi tsɔɔ mli lɛ, kɛjɛ afi 1484 kɛbashi afi 1782 lɛ, Kristofoi asɔlemɔ lɛ gbe yei aaafee 300,000 yɛ ayɛ kpɛmɔ hewɔ.” Kɛ́ Satan ji mɔ ni hɔ nɛkɛ teŋgbɛ afii lɛ amli amanehului lɛ  sɛɛ lɛ, namɛi ekɛtsu nii—mɛi ni na amanehulu lɛ loo amɛjamɔ he sɛkɛyeli he yiwalɔi lɛ?

Nɔ ni Aheɔ Ayeɔ loo Aheee Ayeee Amrɔ Nɛɛ

Afii ohai 18 lɛ ye niiahesusumɔ he jwɛŋmɔŋ shweremɔ ni gbɛi ji Hiɛtserɛmɔ lɛ he odase. Encyclopædia Britannica lɛ kɛɔ akɛ: “Jeŋ nilee kɛ nyɔŋmɔjamɔ he nilee ni kɔɔ Hiɛtserɛmɔ lɛ he lɛ bɔ mɔdɛŋ waa koni ejie henumɔi ni Kristofoi yɔɔ yɛ Abonsam he lɛ kɛjɛ amɛmli ákɛ eji nɔ ko ni jɛ Teŋgbɛ Afii lɛ amli blema adesãi ni aka yiŋ awie lɛ mli.” Roma Katolik Sɔlemɔ lɛ te shi ewo enɛ ni ewaje ehemɔkɛyeli ni eyɔɔ yɛ Satan Abonsam mli lɛ yɛ Klɛŋklɛŋ Vatican Gwabɔɔ lɛ mli yɛ afi (1869-1870) lɛ mli, ni ekɛ gbeyeishemɔ ti enɛ mli shii abɔ yɛ Vatican Gwabɔɔ ni Ji Enyɔ lɛ mli yɛ afi (1962-1965) lɛ mli.

Taakɛ New Catholic Encyclopedia lɛ kpɛlɛɔ nɔ yɛ mla naa lɛ, “Sɔlemɔ lɛ etuu ehe eha bɔfoi kɛ daimonioi amli hemɔkɛyeli.” Ni kɛlɛ, Théo, French wiemɔ komekomei ashishitsɔɔmɔ wolo ni kɔɔ Katolik jamɔ he lɛ kpɛlɛɔ nɔ akɛ “ŋmɛnɛ lɛ, Kristofoi babaoo kpooɔ akɛ amɛkɛ esha ni yɔɔ je lɛ mli lɛ aaafɔ̃ Abonsam nɔ.” Yɛ nyɛsɛɛ afii nɛɛ amli lɛ, Katolik nyɔŋmɔjamɔ he nilelɔi kwɛ amɛhe nɔ jogbaŋŋ yɛ sane nɛɛ he, ni amɛkɛ gbeyeishemɔ ŋmɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ yɛ Katolik mla naa tsɔɔmɔ kɛ ŋmɛnɛŋmɛnɛ beaŋ susumɔi lɛ amli. Encyclopædia Britannica lɛ kɛɔ akɛ: “Kristofoi anyɔŋmɔjamɔ he nilee ni kpɛlɛɔ susumɔ hee nɔ lɛ wieɔ nɔ ni Biblia lɛ kɛɔ yɛ Satan he lɛ he akɛ eji ‘mfonirifeemɔŋ susumɔ’ ko kɛkɛ ní esaaa akɛ aŋɔɔ lɛ bɔ ni eji lɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ—shi moŋ amɛbuɔ lɛ akɛ eji adesã gbɛ ni atsɔ nɔ atsɔɔ nɔ ni yɔɔ diɛŋtsɛ lɛ mli kɛ esha naawalɛ ni yɔɔ je lɛ mli lɛ mli.” Yɛ Protestantbii agbɛfaŋ lɛ, nakai wolo lɛ nɔŋŋ wie akɛ: “Ŋmɛnɛŋmɛnɛ beaŋ protestant jamɔ ni kpɛlɛɔ susumɔ hee nɔ lɛ jeɔ bɔ ni ehe hiaa ni ahe aye akɛ Satan ji mɔ diɛŋtsɛ ko lɛ he ŋwane.” Shi ani esa akɛ anɔkwa Kristofoi abu nɔ ni Biblia lɛ kɛɔ yɛ Satan he lɛ akɛ “mfonirifeemɔŋ susumɔ” ko kɛkɛ?

Nɔ ni Ŋmalɛi lɛ Tsɔɔ

Adesai ajeŋ nilee kɛ nyɔŋmɔjamɔ he nilee kɛ niiamlitsɔɔmɔ ni kɔɔ esha jɛɛhe he ni ja jogbaŋŋ fe nɔ ni akɛha ni yɔɔ Biblia lɛ mli lɛ hako. Nɔ ni Ŋmalɛi lɛ kɛɔ yɛ Satan he lɛ ji shishitoo nɔ kɛha niiashishinumɔ ni aaaná yɛ esha kɛ adesai apiŋmɔi ajɛɛhe lɛ he, kɛ nɔ hewɔ ni daa afi lɛ yiwalɛ ni naa wa fe bɔ ni aaanyɛ asusu he lɛ yaa nɔ emli waa lɛ.

Ekolɛ mɛi komɛi baabi akɛ: ‘Kɛ́ Nyɔŋmɔ ji Bɔlɔ ni hi ni yɔɔ suɔmɔ lɛ, te aaafee tɛŋ ebɔ mumɔŋ bɔɔ nɔ ni yitsoŋ wa tamɔ Satan lɛ?’ Biblia lɛ kɛ shishitoo mla lɛ haa akɛ, Yehowa Nyɔŋmɔ nitsumɔi lɛ fɛɛ eye emuu, ni ákɛ, ekɛ heyeli hegbɛ duro ebɔɔ nii fɛɛ ni yɔɔ nilee lɛ. (5 Mose 30:19; 32:4; Yoshua 24:15; 1 Maŋtsɛmɛi 18:21) No hewɔ lɛ, belɛ  abɔ mumɔŋ gbɔmɔ ni batsɔ Satan lɛ akɛ mɔ ni eye emuu, ni eeenyɛ eba akɛ, eje gbɛ ehala akɛ ekɛ anɔkwale kɛ jalɛ gbɛ lɛ tsuŋ nii.—Yohane 8:44; Yakobo 1:14, 15.

Satan atuatsemɔ gbɛ ni ekɔ lɛ tamɔ “Tiro maŋtsɛ,” ni awie ehe yɛ lalafoo wiemɔi amli akɛ mɔ ni ‘he yɛ fɛo kɛwula shi’ ni ‘eye emuu yɛ egbɛ̀i lɛ amli kɛjɛ gbi nɔ ni abɔ lɛ aahu kɛyashi beyinɔ ni ana nɔ ni ejaaa yɛ emli lɛ’ nɔ̃ lɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ yɛ gbɛ̀i babaoo nɔ. (Ezekiel 28:11-19) Satan kɛ Yehowa epeleee hewalɛ ni eyɔɔ loo Bɔlɔ ni eji lɛ he. Te aaafee tɛŋŋ ni efee nakai, yɛ be mli ni Nyɔŋmɔ ebɔ lɛ lɛ? Shi kɛlɛ, Satan te shi eshi gbɛ ni Yehowa tsɔɔ nɔ ekɛ ejeŋ muu fɛɛ maŋtsɛ ni eji lɛ tsuɔ nii ehaa lɛ. Yɛ Eden abɔɔ lɛ mli lɛ, Satan tsɔ ŋaa gbɛ nɔ ewie akɛ Nyɔŋmɔ miitsĩ klɛŋklɛŋ gbalashihilɛ mli hefatalɔi lɛ anaa kɛmiijɛ nɔ ko ni amɛyɛ he hegbɛ ni amɛhilɛ-kɛhamɔ damɔ nɔ lɛ he. (1 Mose 3:1-5) Eye omanye yɛ Adam kɛ Hawa ni eha amɛtse Yehowa jeŋ muu fɛɛ nɔyeli ni ja lɛ hiɛ atua lɛ mli, ni amɛkɛ esha kɛ gbele ba amɛ kɛ amɛseshibii anɔ. (1 Mose 3:6-19; Romabii 5:12) No hewɔ lɛ, Biblia lɛ tsɔɔ akɛ Satan ji mɔ ni piŋmɔi ni adesai kɛkpeɔ lɛ jɛ.

Yɛ be ko ni tsɔ Nu Afua lɛ hiɛ lɛ mli lɛ, bɔfoi krokomɛi yafata Satan he yɛ etuatsemɔ lɛ mli. Amɛtsake amɛhe amɛkɔlɔ adesai agbɔmɔtsei koni amɛkɛ gbɔmɛi abiyei lɛ atsu amɛbɔlɛnamɔ mli akɔnɔ he shwelɛ ni naa wa lɛ he nii. (1 Mose 6:1-4) Yɛ Nu Afua lɛ mli lɛ, nɛkɛ bɔfoi ni kwa Nyɔŋmɔ nɛɛ ku amɛsɛɛ amɛtee amɛmumɔŋ shihilɛ lɛ mli ekoŋŋ shi jeee yɛ “amɛtsutsu gbɛhe” ni amɛkɛ Nyɔŋmɔ yɔɔ yɛ ŋwɛi lɛ mli. (Yuda 6) Aba amɛ shi awo mumɔŋ duŋ kpii shihilɛ mli. (1 Petro 3:19, 20; 2 Petro 2:4) Amɛbatsɔmɔ daimonioi ni sɔmɔɔɔ yɛ Yehowa jeŋ muu fɛɛ nɔyeli lɛ shishi dɔŋŋ, shi amɛyɛ Satan kudɔmɔ shishi. Yɛ be mli ni daimonioi lɛ nyɛɛɛ amɛtsɔmɔ amɛhe adesai ekoŋŋ lɛ, amɛbaanyɛ amɛná adesai ajwɛŋmɔi kɛ amɛwala shihilɛi anɔ hewalɛ ni naa wa lolo, ni ŋwanejee ko kwraa bɛ he akɛ amɛji mɛi ni hɔ yiwaa nifeemɔ ni wɔnaa ŋmɛnɛ lɛ ateŋ babaoo sɛɛ.—Mateo 12:43-45; Luka 8:27-33.

Satan Nɔyeli lɛ Naagbee Ebɛŋkɛ

Eka shi faŋŋ akɛ mumɔi fɔji ahewalɛi miitsu nii yɛ je lɛŋ ŋmɛnɛ. Bɔfo Yohane ŋma akɛ: “Jeŋ muu lɛ fɛɛ kã mɔ fɔŋ lɛ mli.”—1 Yohane 5:19.

Ni kɛlɛ, Biblia gbalɛi ni eba mli lɛ tsɔɔ akɛ, Abonsam miiwo shikpɔŋ nɔ kpoo lɛ mli wu, ejaakɛ ele akɛ “be fioo kɛkɛ eyɔɔ” ni ekɛ baafite nii dani awo lɛ tsuŋ. (Kpojiemɔ 12:7-12; 20:1-3) Satan nɔyeli lɛ naagbee kɛ jalɛ jeŋ hee ko baaba, he ni yaafonui, gbele, kɛ piŋmɔ ‘sɛɛ baafo yɛ lɛ.’ No sɛɛ lɛ, ‘abaafee’ Nyɔŋmɔ suɔmɔnaa nii “yɛ shikpɔŋ lɛ nɔ, taakɛ afeɔ yɛ ŋwɛi lɛ.”—Kpojiemɔ 21:1-4; Mateo 6:10.

[Mfonirii ni yɔɔ baafa 4]

Babilonbii lɛ ná hemɔkɛyeli yɛ Nergal (abɛkugbɛ kwraa), nyɔŋmɔ su ko ni yitsoŋ wa lɛ mli; Plato (abɛkugbɛ) ná hemɔkɛyeli yɛ “susumai” enyɔ ni yɔɔ shihilɛ mli ni kɛ amɛhe kpãaa gbee lɛ mli

[He ni Sane lɛ Jɛ]

Cylinder: Musée du Louvre, Paris; Plato: National Archaeological Museum, Athens, Greece

[Mfonirii ni yɔɔ baafa 5]

Irenaeus, Origen, kɛ Augustine tsɔɔ akɛ, awo kpɔmɔ nɔ lɛ aha Abonsam

[He ni Sane lɛ Jɛ]

Origen: Culver Pictures; Augustine: Kɛjɛ wolo ni ji Great Man and Famous Women lɛ mli

[Mfoniri ni yɔɔ baafa 6]

Ayɛi ahe gbeyeishemɔ ha agbe mɛi akpei ohai abɔ

[He ni Sane lɛ Jɛ]

Kɛjɛ wolo ni ji Bildersaal deutscher Geschichte lɛ mli