Jeŋ Nilee Kɛ Biblia Lɛ Ani Amɛkɛ Amɛhe Kpãaa Gbee Lɛɛlɛŋ?
Jeŋ Nilee Kɛ Biblia Lɛ Ani Amɛkɛ Amɛhe Kpãaa Gbee Lɛɛlɛŋ?
NƆ NI kɛ béi lɛ ba Galileo kɛ Katolik Sɔlemɔ lɛ teŋ lɛ je shishi afii ohai abɔ dani afɔ Copernicus kɛ Galileo. Blema Helabii lɛ kpɛlɛ susumɔ ni ahiɛ akɛ shikpɔŋ lɛ yɛ shibɔlemɔ ŋulamii lɛ ateŋ lɛ nɔ, ni jeŋ nilelɔ Aristotle (afi 384-322 D.Ŋ.B.) kɛ Ptolemy (afii 200 Ŋ.B.) ni ji ŋulamii ahe nilelɔ kɛ ŋulamiiaŋkwɛlɔ lɛ ha enɛ hé gbɛi. *
Hela akɔntaabulɔ kɛ jeŋ nilelɔ ni atsɛɔ lɛ Pythagoras (afii 600 D.Ŋ.B.) lɛ niiamlitsɔɔmɔ lɛ ná Aristotle tsɔɔmɔ lɛ nɔ hewalɛ. Akɛni Aristotle kpɛlɛ Pythagoras susumɔ akɛ nɔ ko ni yɔɔ kutruku lɛ yɛ kokroo diɛŋtsɛ hewɔ lɛ, ehé eye akɛ ŋwɛiniiaŋ tamɔ nibii kokrobii ni eko hɔ eko mli, tamɔ sabola yɔɔ lɛ. Akɛ glase ni kpɛlɛɔ fee eko fɛɛ eko, ni shikpɔŋ lɛ yɛ teŋ. Ŋulamii bɔleɔ amɛhe, ni hewalɛ ko ni yɔɔ amɛkponɔgbɛ ni ji hewalɛ ni fe adesai anɔ̃ lɛ ji nɔ ni kudɔɔ amɛ. Aristotle he eye hu akɛ hulu lɛ kɛ nibii krokomɛi ni yɔɔ ŋwɛi lɛ eye emuu, kadimɔnii ko bɛ amɛhe, ni amɛtsakeee.
Aristotle tsɔɔmɔ kpele nɛɛ jɛ adesa ko nilee mli, shi ejɛɛɛ jeŋ nilee mli. Enu he akɛ nilee bɛ mli akɛ aaahe aye akɛ shikpɔŋ lɛ bɔleɔ shi. Ete shi ewo susumɔ ni tsɔɔ akɛ shikpɔŋ lɛ sɛŋ kɔɔyɔŋ lɛ hu, ejaakɛ ehé eye akɛ kɛ́ nɔ ko tsirɛɛɛ shikpɔŋ lɛ yisɛɛ be fɛɛ be lɛ, hewalɛ ko baatsĩ enaa ni ebaawa kɛdamɔ shi. Akɛni nilee ni ayɔɔ yɛ nakai beaŋ lɛ ha Aristotle tsɔɔmɔ lɛ bafee tamɔ nɔ ni jwɛŋmɔ yɔɔ mli hewɔ lɛ, mɛi babaoo kpɛlɛ nɔ yɛ aaafee afii 2,000 ni nyiɛ sɛɛ kɛba lɛ mli. Kɛbashi afii 1600 lɛ mli po lɛ, France jeŋ nilelɔ Jean Bodin wie nakai susumɔ ni ehé gbɛi lɛ he, ni ekɛɛ akɛ: “Mɔ ko ni yɔɔ pɔtɛɛ loo eyɔɔ jeŋ nilee fioo ko lɛ heŋ eyeŋ akɛ shikpɔŋ ni tsii, ní lɛɛ hu lɛ . . . , bɔleɔ . . . ehe ni ebɔleɔ hulu lɛ hu; ejaakɛ kɛ́ shikpɔŋ lɛ tsi ehe fioo lɛ, maŋtiasei kɛ mɔji, maji kɛ gɔji baagbeegbee shi.”
Sɔlemɔ lɛ Kpɛlɛ Aristotle Nɔ
Nɔ kroko hu ni ha béi ba Galileo kɛ sɔlemɔ lɛ teŋ lɛ te shi yɛ afii 1300 lɛ mli, ni ekɔɔ Katolik onukpa ni ji Thomas Aquinas he (afi 1225-1274). Aquinas yɛ bulɛ ni mli kwɔ kɛha Aristotle, ni etsɛ lɛ akɛ Jeŋ Nilelɔ ni Fe Fɛɛ. Aquinas kɛ afii enumɔ bɔ mɔdɛŋ waa koni ekɛ Aristotle jeŋ nilee lɛ awo sɔlemɔ lɛ tsɔɔmɔ lɛ mli. Wade Rowland wie yɛ ewolo ni ji Galileo’s Mistake lɛ mli akɛ, yɛ Galileo beaŋ lɛ, “Nyɔŋmɔ jamɔ he nii ni Aquinas tsɔɔ lɛ ji futufutu tsɔɔmɔ, ejaakɛ ekɛ Aristotle tsɔɔmɔ lɛ futu Roma Sɔlemɔ lɛ tsɔɔmɔ lɛ.” Ha ehi ojwɛŋmɔ mli hu akɛ no beaŋ lɛ abɛ jeŋ nilelɔi akuu ko. Sɔlemɔ lɛ ji mɛi titri ni kwɛɔ wolokasemɔ nɔ. Bei pii lɛ sɔlemɔ lɛ ji mɛi nɔŋŋ ni yɔɔ hewalɛ yɛ jamɔ kɛ jeŋ nilee nɔ.
Enɛ ji nɔ ni kɛ béi ni baka sɔlemɔ lɛ kɛ Galileo teŋ lɛ ba. Dani Galileo baabɔi ŋulamii ahe nikasemɔ po lɛ, no mli lɛ eŋma sane ko yɛ nibii anyiɛmɔ he. Nɔ ni eŋma lɛ te shi eshi Aristotle ni abuɔ lɛ waa lɛ wiemɔi lɛ babaoo. Shi kɛlɛ, ekãa ni Galileo kɛfi tsɔɔmɔ akɛ hulu lɛ yɛ shibɔlemɔ ŋulamii lɛ ateŋ, ni ákɛ etsɔɔmɔ lɛ kɛ Ŋmalɛ lɛ kpaa gbee lɛ ji nɔ ni ha Sane Mlipɛimɔ Kuu lɛ ye esane yɛ afi 1633 lɛ.
Beni Galileo fãa ehe lɛ, ema nɔ mi akɛ eyɛ hemɔkɛyeli diɛŋtsɛ akɛ Biblia lɛ ji Nyɔŋmɔ Wiemɔ ni jɛ mumɔŋ. Etsɔɔ hu akɛ aŋma Ŋmalɛi lɛ aha gbɔmɛi foji, ni ákɛ esaaa akɛ anuɔ Biblia lɛ mli wiemɔ ni etamɔ nɔ ni etsɔɔ akɛ hulu lɛ nyiɛ lɛ shishi yɛ bɔ ni aŋma lɛ lɛ naa. Ewiemɔi lɛ fee efolo. Akɛni Galileo kpoo Ŋmalɛ naa tsɔɔmɔ ko ni damɔ Hela jeŋ nilee nɔ hewɔ lɛ, abu lɛ fɔ́! Katolik Sɔlemɔ lɛ ekpɛlɛɛɛ nɔ yɛ faŋŋ mli akɛ kojomɔ ni amɛkɛba Galileo nɔ lɛ ejaaa aahu kɛyashi afi 1992 mli dani amɛkpɛlɛ nɔ.
Nɔ ni Wɔbaanyɛ Wɔkase Kɛjɛ Mli
Mɛni wɔbaanyɛ wɔkase kɛjɛ saji nɛɛ amli? Nɔ kome ji akɛ, Galileo yiŋ efeee lɛ kɔshikɔshi yɛ Biblia lɛ he. Yɛ no najiaŋ lɛ, eyiŋ fee lɛ kɔshikɔshi yɛ sɔlemɔ lɛ tsɔɔmɔi lɛ ahe. Jamɔ he niŋmalɔ ko kɛɛ akɛ: “Nɔ ni wɔbaanyɛ wɔkase kɛjɛ Galileo ŋɔɔ ji akɛ, jeee akɛ etamɔ nɔ ni Sɔlemɔ lɛ kɛ ehe kpɛtɛ Biblia mli anɔkwalei lɛ ahe gbagbalii; shi moŋ ekɛ ehe kpɛtɛɛɛ he gbagbalii bɔ ni sa.” Akɛni sɔlemɔ lɛ ŋmɛ gbɛ ni Hela jeŋ nilee ná Nyɔŋmɔ he tsɔɔmɔi anɔ hewalɛ hewɔ lɛ, amɛha blema saji ná amɛnɔ hewalɛ moŋ fe nɔ ni amɛkɛ Biblia mli tsɔɔmɔi lɛ aaatsu nii.
Enɛɛmɛi fɛɛ kaiɔ wɔ kɔkɔbɔɔ ni yɔɔ Biblia lɛ mli akɛ: “Nyɛkwɛa nyɛhe ni ahia, koni mɔ ko kɛ jeŋ nilee kɛ yaka shishiumɔ akaŋɔ nyɛ nom, yɛ gbɔmɛi ablema saji kɛ je nɛŋ shishijee nibii ni jeee Kristo lɛ anaa.”—Kolosebii 2:8.
Ŋmɛnɛ po lɛ, mɛi babaoo ni yɔɔ Kristendom lɛ yaa nɔ amɛkpɛlɛɔ tsɔɔmɔi kɛ jeŋ nileei ni kɛ Biblia lɛ kpãaa gbee lɛ anɔ. Nɔkwɛmɔnɔ kome ji Darwin sutsakemɔ tsɔɔmɔ lɛ ni amɛkpɛlɛ nɔ moŋ fe nɔ ni amɛaakpɛlɛ Mose Klɛŋklɛŋ Wolo lɛ mli sane ni kɔɔ adebɔɔ he lɛ nɔ lɛ. Sɔlemɔ lɛ kɛ tsakemɔ ni efee nɛɛ eha Darwin ebatsɔ ŋmɛnɛŋmɛnɛ beaŋ Aristotle, ni sutsakemɔ ebatsɔ jamɔ mli hemɔkɛyeli ni he hiaa. *
Jeŋ Nilee ni Ja Kɛ Biblia lɛ Kpãa Gbee
Esaaa akɛ nɔ ni etsɔ hiɛ lɛ haa jeŋ nilee he miishɛɛ ni wɔyɔɔ lɛ tãa. Yɛ anɔkwale mli lɛ, Biblia lɛ diɛŋtsɛ woɔ wɔ hewalɛ koni wɔkase Nyɔŋmɔ ninenaa nitsumɔi lɛ ahe nii, ni wɔtsɔ nɔ ni wɔnaa lɛ nɔ wɔyoo enaakpɛɛ sui lɛ. (Yesaia 40:26; Romabii 1:20) Yɛ anɔkwale mli lɛ, Biblia lɛ jeee jeŋ nilee he wolo. Shi moŋ ehaa aleɔ Nyɔŋmɔ mlai, esui ni anyɛŋ atsɔ adebɔɔ nɔ ale, kɛ eyiŋtoo kɛha adesai. (Lala 19:8-12; 2 Timoteo 3:16) Shi kɛ́ Biblia lɛ tsĩ adebɔɔ nibii atã lɛ, ebafeɔ nɔ ni ja ni tɔmɔ ko kwraa bɛ he. Galileo diɛŋtsɛ kɛɛ akɛ: “Ŋmalɛ Krɔŋkrɔŋ lɛ kɛ adebɔɔ fɛɛ jɛ Nyɔŋmɔ Ŋɔɔ . . . Anɔkwalei enyɔ nyɛŋ ate shi awo amɛhe kɔkɔɔkɔ.” Susumɔ nɔkwɛmɔnii ni nyiɛ sɛɛ lɛ ahe okwɛ.
Nɔ ni he hiaa fe ŋulamii kɛ shibɔlemɔ ŋulamii lɛ ashibɔlemɔ ji akɛ, mlai ji nɔ ni kudɔɔ nibii fɛɛ ni yɔɔ je lɛ mli lɛ, ni eko ji nigbalamɔ mla lɛ. Adebɔɔ he mla ni bɛ Biblia lɛ mli ni etsɛ fe fɛɛ lɛ ji nɔ ni Pythagoras, ní hé eye akɛ abaanyɛ akɛ yibɔi atsɔɔ je lɛ nyiɛmɔ mli lɛ kɛha lɛ. Afii 2000 sɛɛ lɛ, Galileo, Kepler, kɛ Newton tsɔɔ mli akɛ mlai ni jwɛŋmɔ yɔɔ mli ji nɔ ni kudɔɔ nibii ni yɔɔ je lɛ mli lɛ.
Adebɔɔ he mla ni atsi tã klɛŋklɛŋ yɛ Biblia lɛ mli lɛ jeɔ kpo yɛ Hiob wolo lɛ mli. Aaafee afi 1600 D.Ŋ.B. lɛ, Nyɔŋmɔ bi Hiob akɛ: ‘Ani ole ŋwɛi akpɔi lɛ?’ (Hiob 38:33) Yeremia wolo lɛ ni aŋma yɛ afii 700 D.Ŋ.B. lɛ tsɛ́ Yehowa akɛ Bɔlɔ ni ‘wo nyɔɔŋtsere kɛ ŋulamii akpɔi’ kɛ ‘ŋwɛi kɛ shikpɔŋ akpɔi’ lɛ. (Yeremia 31:35; 33:25) Yɛ wiemɔi nɛɛ ahewɔ lɛ, Biblia mli saji ahe wielɔ G. Rawlinson wie akɛ: “Biblia ŋmalɔi lɛ kɛ ŋmɛnɛŋmɛnɛ beaŋ jeŋ nilee tsɔɔ mli faŋŋ akɛ mla ji nɔ ni kudɔɔ adebɔɔ je lɛ.”
Aŋma wiemɔi ni yɔɔ Hiob wolo lɛ mli lɛ aaafee afii akpe dani Pythagoras ŋma ewolo lɛ. Ha ehi ojwɛŋmɔ mli hu akɛ oti ni yɔɔ Biblia lɛ mli lɛ jeee ni etsɔɔ adebɔɔ he mlai kɛkɛ, shi moŋ koni eha wɔnu shishi diɛŋtsɛ akɛ Yehowa ji nibii fɛɛ a-Bɔlɔ—mɔ ni baanyɛ ewo adebɔɔ he mlai lɛ.—Hiob 38:4, 12; 42:1, 2.
Nɔkwɛmɔnɔ kroko hu ni wɔbaanyɛ wɔsusu he ji akɛ, nu ni yɔɔ shikpɔŋ lɛ nɔ lɛ bɔleɔ shi. Kɛ́ aaatsɔɔ mli kuku lɛ, nu tsɔɔ lamɔ yɛ ŋshɔ lɛ hiɛ ni eyaa ŋwɛi, etsɔɔ atatu, enɛɔ eshwieɔ shikpɔŋ lɛ nɔ akɛ nugbɔ loo snoo, kɛkɛ lɛ naagbee lɛ eku esɛɛ kɛtee ŋshɔŋ ekoŋŋ. Aŋma sane ni etsɛ fe fɛɛ ni bɛ Biblia lɛ mli, ni wie shibɔlemɔ nɛɛ he lɛ yɛ afii 400 D.Ŋ.B. Shi kɛlɛ, atsɔ hiɛ aŋma Biblia lɛ mli sane ni kɔɔ enɛ he lɛ afii ohai abɔ. Ákɛ nɔkwɛmɔnɔ lɛ, Israel Maŋtsɛ Salomo ŋma yɛ afii 1100 D.Ŋ.B. lɛ akɛ: “Faai lɛ fɛɛ hoɔ kɛyaa ŋshɔŋ, kɛlɛ ŋshɔ lɛ yiko. He ni faai lɛ jɛɔ kɛbaa lɛ, jɛi nɔŋŋ amɛhoɔ kɛyaa ekoŋŋ.”—Jajelɔ 1:7, The Amplified Bible.
Nakai nɔŋŋ hu Amos ni ji tookwɛlɔ kɛ okwaafonyo heshibalɔ lɛ ŋma aaafee afii 800 D.Ŋ.B. akɛ Yehowa ji mɔ ni ‘tsɛ́ɔ ŋshɔ lɛŋ nu lɛ hu ni efɔseɔ eshwieɔ shikpɔŋ lɛ hiɛ.’ (Amos 5:8) Salomo kɛ Amos kɛ wiemɔi ni yɔɔ hwanyaŋŋ ni amɛshishinumɔ wa tsuuu nii, shi amɛnyɛ amɛkɛ susumɔi srɔtoi tsɔɔ nu shibɔlemɔ lɛ mli jogbaŋŋ.
Biblia lɛ wieɔ Nyɔŋmɔ he hu akɛ “eŋɔɔ shikpɔŋ lɛ etsotsoroɔ shi ni jeee nɔ ko nɔ,” loo taakɛ bɔ ni The New English Bible lɛ tsɔɔ mli lɛ, “ekɛ shikpɔŋ lɛ sɛŋ kɔɔyɔɔ lɛ mli.” (Hiob 26:7) Nilee ni ayɔɔ yɛ afii 1600 D.Ŋ.B., ni ekolɛ no ji be mli ni awie nakai wiemɔi lɛ hewɔ lɛ, ebaawa akɛ mɔ ko diɛŋtsɛ aaahe aye akɛ nii ni tsii tamɔ nɛkɛ lɛ baanyɛ asɛŋ kɔɔyɔŋ ni emaaa nɔ ko nɔ. Taakɛ atsĩ tã kɛtsɔ hiɛ lɛ, Aristotle ni hi shi beni awie sane nɛɛ sɛɛ afii 1,200 lɛ po kɛɛ eheee eyeee akɛ shikpɔŋ lɛ tsotsoro kɔɔyɔŋ!
Ani onaa ekpɛɛɛ ohe akɛ Biblia lɛ kɛ wiemɔi ni ja tamɔ nɛkɛ tsu nii—yɛ be ni amale wiemɔ bafee tamɔ nɔ ni jwɛŋmɔ yɔɔ mli lɛ? Kɛha mɛi ni susuɔ nii ahe waa lɛ, enɛ ji odaseyelii babaoo ni tsɔɔ akɛ ajɛ mumɔŋ aŋma Biblia lɛ ateŋ ekome. No hewɔ lɛ ebaafee nɔ ni nilee yɔɔ mli akɛ wɔŋmɛŋ gbɛ ni tsɔɔmɔ loo nilee ko ni teɔ shi woɔ Nyɔŋmɔ Wiemɔ lɛ aná wɔnɔ hewalɛ yɛ gbɛ ni waaa nɔ. Taakɛ yinɔsane etee nɔ etsɔɔ lɛ, adesai anilee kɛ nilelɔi kpanaai anilee po eba ni amɛtee, shi ‘Yehowa wiemɔ lɛ hiɔ shi kɛyaa naanɔ.’—1 Petro 1:25.
[Shishigbɛ niŋmai]
^ kk. 2 Yɛ afii 300 D.Ŋ.B. lɛ, Helanyo ko ni jɛ Samos, ni atsɛɔ lɛ akɛ Aristarchus lɛ tsɔɔ akɛ hulu lɛ yɛ shibɔlemɔ ŋulami lɛ teŋ, shi akpoo esusumɔ lɛ yɛ Aristotle tsɔɔmɔ lɛ hewɔ.
^ kk. 12 Kɛha sane nɛɛ mlipɛimɔ ni yɔɔ fitsofitso lɛ, kwɛmɔ wolo ni ji Life—How Did It Get Here? By Evolution or by Creation? ni Yehowa Odasefoi fee lɛ yitso 15 ni ji, “Why Do Many Accept Evolution?” lɛ.
[Akrabatsa/Mfonirii ni yɔɔ baafa 6]
Su Ni Protestantbii Lɛ Jie Lɛ Kpo
Protestant Jamɔ Hiɛtsakemɔ lɛ hiɛnyiɛlɔi hu wie amɛshi tsɔɔmɔ ni ji akɛ hulu lɛ yɛ shibɔlemɔ ŋulamii lɛ ateŋ lɛ. Amɛteŋ mɛi komɛi ji Martin Luther (afi 1483-1546), Philipp Melanchthon (afi 1497-1560), kɛ John Calvin (afi 1509-1564). Luther wie yɛ Copernicus he akɛ: “Kwashia nɛɛ miisumɔ ni etsake ŋulamii ahe nilee fɛɛ ni ayɔɔ lɛ hiɛ.”
Jamɔ hiɛtsakelɔi lɛ kɛ amɛnaataamɔ lɛ damɔ ŋmalɛi komɛi ashishi ni amɛtsɔɔ yɛ bɔ ni aŋma lɛ lɛ naa lɛ nɔ, tamɔ sane ni yɔɔ Yoshua yitso 10 lɛ ni wieɔ akɛ hulu lɛ kɛ nyɔɔŋtsere lɛ “wá” lɛ. * Mɛni hewɔ Jamɔ Hiɛtsakelɔi lɛ kɔ shidaamɔ ni tamɔ nɛkɛ? Wolo ni ji Galileo’s Mistake lɛ tsɔɔ mli akɛ eyɛ mli akɛ Protestant Jamɔ Hiɛtsakelɔi lɛ tsi amɛhe kɛjɛ paapa lɛ he moŋ, shi “amɛjieee amɛhe kɛjɛɛɛ Aristotle kɛ Thomas Aquinas ni Katolik kɛ Protestantbii fɛɛ kpɛlɛɔ amɛsusumɔi anɔ lɛ ahewalɛ shishi.”
[Shishigbɛ niŋmaa]
^ kk. 28 Kɛ́ wɔɔwie yɛ jeŋ nilee naa lɛ, wiemɔi ni wɔkɛtsuɔ nii ni ji “hulushitee” kɛ “hulushinyɔɔ” lɛ ejaaa. Shi yɛ wɔdaa gbi wiemɔi amli lɛ, wɔdamɔɔ bɔ ni wɔnaa hulu lɛ wɔhaa kɛ́ wɔdamɔ shikpɔŋ lɛ nɔ lɛ nɔ wɔkpɛlɛɔ wiemɔi nɛɛ anɔ ni wɔbuɔ amɛ akɛ amɛja. Yɛ nakai gbɛ nɔ nɔŋŋ lɛ, jeee ŋulamii ahe nilee ji nɔ ni Yoshua tsɔɔ lɛ; shi eebɔ bɔ ni ena amɛ eha lɛ he amaniɛ kɛkɛ.
[Mfonirii]
Luther
Calvin
[He ni Sane lɛ Jɛ]
From the book Servetus and Calvin, 1877
[Mfoniri ni yɔɔ baafa 4]
Aristotle
From the book A General History for Colleges and High Schools, 1900
[Mfoniri ni yɔɔ baafa 5]
Thomas Aquinas
[He ni Sane lɛ Jɛ]
From the book Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge, 1855
[Mfoniri ni yɔɔ baafa 6]
Isaac Newton
[Mfoniri ni yɔɔ baafa 7]
Biblia lɛ tsɔɔ shikpɔŋ lɛ nɔ nu ni bɔleɔ shi lɛ mli nɔ ni fe afii 3,000 ni eho nɛ