Odehei a-Biblia Lɛ Woloŋlee Nifeemɔ ko ni Sa Kadimɔ

YƐ AFI 1500 afii lɛ ashishijee mli lɛ, meele lɛ fã kɛjɛ Spain kɛmiiya Italia ŋshɔkpɔ lɛ nɔ. No mli lɛ, jatsu ko ni he hiaa waa ni ji Komplutumbii a-Polyglot Biblia ní akala kɛjɛ afi 1514 kɛmɔ afi 1517 lɛ mli kpotoo yɛ meele nɛɛ mli. Trukaa ni ahum ní naa wa bɔi tswaa yɛ ŋshɔ lɛ hiɛ. Meele kudɔlɔi lɛ bɔ mɔdɛŋ koni amɛbaa meele lɛ yi, shi amɛmɔdɛŋbɔɔ lɛ yafee yaka. Meele lɛ kɛ emli jatsu ni he hiaa waa lɛ fɛɛ shiu.

Nakai oshara ni ba lɛ hã ehe bahia koni afee Polyglot Biblia hee. Yɛ naagbee lɛ, woji akalalɔ ni he esa jogbaŋŋ ni atsɛ́ɔ lɛ Christophe Plantin kpɛlɛ nitsumɔ ni wa nɛɛ nɔ. Ehe bahia ni ená mɔ ko ni yɔɔ shika koni ekɛ shika aye ebua ni atsu nitsumɔ wulu nɛɛ, ni no hewɔ lɛ eyabi Spain maŋtsɛ ni ji Philip II lɛ koni eye ebua yɛ shika gbɛfaŋ. Dani maŋtsɛ lɛ aaakpɛ eyiŋ yɛ sane ni akɛbafɔ̃ ehiɛ nɛɛ he lɛ, ebi woloŋlelɔi srɔtoi ni yɔɔ Spain ní amɛteŋ mɔ kome ji Benito Arias Montano ni ji Biblia mli woloŋlelɔ ni ehe gbɛi waa lɛ susumɔ yɛ sane nɛɛ he. Ekɛɛ Maŋtsɛ Philip akɛ: “Enɛ baafee nii ni ootsu kɛmiiha Nyɔŋmɔ, ni ehe baaba sɛɛnamɔ hu kɛha sɔlemɔ ní ekpele jeŋ fɛɛ lɛ, ni no sɛɛ lɛ, ebaaha Omaŋtsɛyeli lɛ hiɛ aba nyam babaoo, ni mɛi kɛ woo hu baaha bo.”

Komplutumbii a-Polyglot Biblia lɛ ni abaaku sɛɛ akala lɛ ehee lɛ baafee woloŋlee nifeemɔ ko ni sa kadimɔ waa, no  hewɔ lɛ, Philip jɛ etsui mli fɛɛ ni efĩ Plantin nitsumɔ lɛ sɛɛ. Maŋtsɛ lɛ kɛ nitsumɔ ni wa ni ji wolo lɛ kalamɔ he gbɛjianɔtoo wo Arias Montano dɛŋ, ni abale wolo nɛɛ yɛ sɛɛ mli akɛ Odehei a-Bilblia loo Antwerp Polyglot. *

Maŋtsɛ Philip ná Polyglot Biblia lɛ he nitsumɔ lɛ nɔyaa he miishɛɛ aahu akɛ ebi koni akɛ emli baafa fɛɛ baafa ní abaakala agbe naa lɛ eko abaha lɛ koni ekane ni ekwɛ akɛ amɛmli wiemɔi lɛ ja lo. Taakɛ eji lɛ, Plantin náaa he miishɛɛ akɛ ekɛ baafai lɛ baatsu kɛjɛ Antwerp ni akɛyaha maŋtsɛ lɛ yɛ Spain ni ekane mli, ní ejaje emli tɔmɔi lɛ dani akɛku sɛɛ akɛbaha lɛ, ejaakɛ enu he akɛ enɛ baagbala enitsumɔ lɛ sɛɛ. Bɔ ni eyaba lɛ ji akɛ, klɛŋklɛŋ baafã ní ekala egbe naa lɛ kɛ ekolɛ shishijee baafãi lɛ ekomɛi pɛ ekɛmaje Philip koni ekwɛ mli. Yɛ nakai beaŋ nɔŋŋ lɛ, Montano miikane Biblia nɛɛ ni akala lɛ mli, ni eejaje emli tɔmɔi lɛ, ni nilelɔi etɛ ni jɛ Louvain kɛ Plantin biyoo fioo ko ye amɛbua lɛ babaoo yɛ enɛ feemɔ mli.

Esumɔɔ Nyɔŋmɔ Wiemɔ Lɛ

Arias Montano ná Antwerp woloŋlelɔi lɛ kɛ shihilɛ he miishɛɛ jogbaŋŋ. Bɔ ni esusuɔ nii ahe kɛyaa shɔŋŋ lɛ ha Plantin basumɔ esane waa, ni amɛnaanyobɔɔ kɛ ekomefeemɔ lɛ tee nɔ ehi shi yɛ amɛwala bei abɔ fɛɛ. Jeee Montano woloŋlee lɛ kɛkɛ sa kadimɔ, shi moŋ bɔ ni esumɔɔ Nyɔŋmɔ Wiemɔ lɛ jogbaŋŋ lɛ hu sa kadimɔ. * Beni eji oblanyo fioo lɛ, no mli lɛ eshwelɛ ji akɛ kɛ́ egbe ewolokasemɔ naa lɛ, ebaatuu ehe fɛɛ eha Ŋmalɛi lɛ akasemɔ.

 Arias Montano susu akɛ esa akɛ atsɔɔ Biblia lɛ shishi ŋmiiŋmi. Ebɔ mɔdɛŋ etsɔɔ wiemɔi diɛŋtsɛ ni akɛtsu nii yɛ Biblia lɛ mli lɛ shishi bɔ ni eyɔɔ lɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ, koni eha mɔ ni kaneɔ lɛ akane Nyɔŋmɔ Wiemɔ lɛ diɛŋtsɛ. Erasmus fɔɔ woloŋlelɔi aŋaawoo akɛ “amɛshiɛ Kristo he sane lɛ taakɛ bɔ ni eji diɛŋtsɛ lɛ,” ni Montano kɛ ŋaawoo nɛɛ tsu nii. Akɛni Latin shishitsɔɔmɔi lɛ ashishinumɔ wa hewɔ lɛ, afii ahai abɔ ho ní mɛi nuuu wiemɔ diɛŋtsɛ ni akɛtsu nii yɛ Ŋmalɛi lɛ amli lɛ ashishi.

Antwerp Polyglot Biblia lɛ He Gbɛjianɔtoo

Arias Montano nine shɛ Biblia wolokpoi fɛɛ ni Alfonso de Zamora bua naa ni esaa eŋmala lɛ ehee ní akɛtsu nii yɛ Komplutumbii a-Polyglot lɛ kalamɔ mli lɛ anɔ, ni ekwɛ nɔ ni ekɛŋma Odehei a-Biblia lɛ. *

Shishijee lɛ, ato akɛ abaakala Komplutumbii a-Polyglot lɛ ehee, ni no baafee Odehei a-Biblia lɛ, shi ehe bahia ni afee tsakemɔi babaoo yɛ mli fe ekalamɔ ekoŋŋ kɛkɛ. Ajie Hebri kɛ Hela ŋmalɛi ni yɔɔ Septuagint lɛ mli lɛ kɛjɛ Komplutumbii a-Biblia lɛ mli; ni akɛ ŋmalɛ mli wiemɔi krokomɛi wo mli, ni akɛ saji babaoo hu fata saji krokomɛi ni ni yɔɔ mli lɛ ahe. Beni agbeɔ Polyglot hee nɛɛ naa lɛ, aná wolokpoi kpaanyɔ. Akɛ afii enumɔ kala, kɛjɛ afi 1568 kɛyashi afi 1572—ni kɛ́ aawie he lɛ eji be ní faaa kwraa kɛ́ akɛto bɔ ni nitsumɔ lɛ wa ha lɛ he. Yɛ naagbee lɛ, akala ekomekome 1,213.

Eyɛ mli akɛ Komplutumbii a-Polyglot ni akala yɛ afi 1517 lɛ bafee “wolo ní akɛkaiɔ ŋaa gbɛ ni atsɔɔ nɔ akalaa woji” moŋ, shi kɛ́ akɛ Antwerp Polyglot hee ni akala kɛto no najiaŋ lɛ mli saji kɛ bɔ ni ato he gbɛjianɔ aha lɛ to he lɛ, Polyglot hee lɛ hi fe tsutsu nɔ̃ lɛ. Enɛ bafee hiɛyaa kroko ni sa kadimɔ yɛ woji akalamɔ he yinɔsane mli, ni nɔ ni he hiaa fe fɛɛ lɛ, abaanyɛ akwɛ nɔ akala Biblia shishitsɔɔmɔi krokomɛi.

Nyɔŋmɔ Wiemɔ lɛ Henyɛlɔi Tutua Lɛ

Ebɛ naakpɛɛ akɛ etsɛɛɛ ni henyɛlɔi ni sumɔɔɔ Biblia ni ajɛ anɔkwayeli mli afee nɛɛ jie amɛhiɛ. Eyɛ mli akɛ paapa lɛ kpɛlɛ ni akala Antwerp  Polyglot lɛ, ni Arias Montano ji woloŋlelɔ ko ni ale ní abuɔ lɛ waa hu moŋ, shi ayafolɔ enaa yɛ Sane Mlipɛimɔ Kuu lɛ hiɛ. Shitee-kɛwolɔi lɛ folɔ enaa akɛ Biblia ni etsɔɔ shishi lɛ haa anaa Latin shishitsɔɔmɔ ni Santes Pagninus saa eŋma lɛ akɛ no ja yɛ Hebri kɛ Hela wiemɔi diɛŋtsɛ ni akɛtsu nii yɛ ŋmalɛi lɛ amli lɛ anaa fe Vulgate lɛ ni atsɔɔ shishi afii ohai abɔ kɛtsɔ hiɛ lɛ. Amɛfolɔ Montano naa hu akɛ eyatao wiemɔi diɛŋtsɛ ni akɛtsu nii yɛ Biblia lɛ mli lɛ bɔni afee ni ekala Biblia shishitsɔɔmɔ ni ja—abuɔ nifeemɔ nɛɛ akɛ eji jamɔŋ atuatsemɔ.

Sane Mlipɛimɔ Kuu lɛ po jaje akɛ “akɛ woo tsɔ ko hako Maŋtsɛ lɛ yɛ edehei agbɛi ni eha akɛwo  Biblia lɛ.” Edɔ amɛ akɛ Montano gbalaaa jwɛŋmɔ titri kɛyaaa Vulgate lɛ ni ji shishitsɔɔmɔ ni akpɛlɛ nɔ lɛ nɔ. Yɛ naafolɔmɔ nɛɛ fɛɛ sɛɛ lɛ, amɛnáaa nɔ ko kpakpa nɔ amɛdamɔ koni amɛbu Montano loo e-Polyglot Biblia lɛ fɔ. Yɛ naagbee lɛ, anya Odehei a-Biblia lɛ he jogbaŋŋ, ni ebafee wolo ko ni akɛtsu nii yɛ univɛsitii srɔtoi amli.

Eyeɔ Buaa yɛ Biblia Shishitsɔɔmɔ Mli

Eyɛ mli akɛ jeee maŋbii titri afee Antwerp Polyglot lɛ aha moŋ, shi etsɛɛɛ ni ebatsɔ wolo ni Biblia shishitsɔɔlɔi kɛtsuɔ nii babaoo. Taakɛ bɔ ni Komplutumbii a-Polyglot lɛ ye bua babaoo lɛ, Antwerp Polyglot lɛ ni baye no najiaŋ lɛ hu ye bua ni anyɛ aŋmala wiemɔi ni yɔɔ Ŋmalɛi lɛ amli ekoŋŋ, ni no ha akɛ wiemɔi ni ja tsu nii yɛ shishitsɔɔmɔi krokomɛi ni afee lɛ amli. Eye bua shishitsɔɔlɔi lɛ hu ni wiemɔi diɛŋtsɛ ni akɛtsu nii yɛ Biblia lɛ mli lɛ ahe shishinumɔ ni amɛyɔɔ lɛ tee hiɛ. Biblia nɛɛ ye bua ni atsɔɔ Biblia lɛ shishi kɛtee wiemɔi titrii ni awieɔ yɛ Europa lɛ amli. Ákɛ nɔkwɛmɔnɔ lɛ, The Cambridge History of the Bible lɛ bɔ amaniɛ akɛ, mɛi ni tsɔɔ King James Version ni ehe gbɛi waa loo Authorized Version ni afee yɛ afi 1611 lɛ kwɛ Antwerp Polyglot lɛ nɔ, ni no ye ebua amɛ ni amɛnyɛ amɛtsɔɔ blema wiemɔi lɛ ashishi. Odehei a-Biblia lɛ hu ye bua babaoo yɛ Polyglot Bibliai enyɔ ni he yɔɔ sɛɛnamɔ waa ní akala yɛ afi 1600 afii amli lɛ.—Kwɛmɔ akrabatsa ni saneyitso ji “Polyglot Bibliai Lɛ” mli.

Sɛɛnamɔi babaoo ni yɔɔ Antwerp Polyglot lɛ he ateŋ ekome ji akɛ, eha woloŋlelɔi ni yɔɔ Europa lɛ anine shɛ Hela Ŋmalɛi lɛ anɔ yɛ Syriac wiemɔ mli nɔ ji klɛŋklɛŋ kwraa. Akɛ Syriac shishitsɔɔmɔ lɛ fata Latin nɔ̃ ni atsɔɔ shishi ŋmiiŋmi lɛ he. Shishitsɔɔmɔi enyɔ ni afee lɛ ekome nɛɛ he yɛ sɛɛnamɔ waa, ejaakɛ Syriac shishitsɔɔmɔ lɛ fata Kristofoi a-Hela Ŋmalɛi ni etsɛ́ fe fɛɛ lɛ ahe. Blema Bibliai ni akɛ niji ŋmala yɛ afii 200 Ŋ.B. lɛ anɔ akwɛ aŋma Syriac shishitsɔɔmɔ ni akala yɛ afi 400 Ŋ.B. afii lɛ amli lɛ. Taakɛ The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia tsɔɔ mli lɛ, “akpɛlɛɔ nɔ akɛ [Syriac] Peshitta shishitsɔɔmɔ lɛ he yɛ sɛɛnamɔ waa yɛ Biblia saji amlipɛimɔ gbɛfaŋ. Efata woji ni etsɛ́ fe fɛɛ ni wieɔ blema saji ni he hiaa waa lɛ ahe lɛ he.”

Ahum ni tswa waa yɛ ŋshɔ lɛ nɔ kɛ tutuamɔi ni Sane Mlipɛimɔ Kuu ni yɔɔ Spain lɛ kɛba lɛ ateŋ eko-eko nyɛɛɛ atsĩ Komplutumbii a-Polyglot lɛ naa koni mɛi anine akashɛ nɔ, ejaakɛ yɛ afi 1572 lɛ, aku sɛɛ akala lɛ ehee, ni abale lɛ akɛ Odehei a-Biblia. Yinɔsane ni kɔɔ Polyglot Biblia ni akala yɛ Antwerp maŋ lɛ mli he lɛ hu ji nɔ kroko ni tsɔɔ mɔdɛŋ ni hii ni yeɔ anɔkwa ebɔ bɔni afee ni amɛfã Nyɔŋmɔ Wiemɔ lɛ he.

Kɛji hii ni tu amɛhe fɛɛ amɛha nibii ni amɛtsu lɛ le loo amɛleee jio lɛ, nii ni amɛtsu ni pɛsɛmkunya bɛ mli lɛ haa anaa anɔkwale ni yɔɔ Yesaia gbalɛ wiemɔi lɛ mli lɛ. Nɔ ni miihe ashɛ afii akpei etɛ nɛ ní eŋma akɛ: “Jwɛi gbĩɔ, ni fɔfɔi hu ŋãlãa: shi wɔ-Nyɔŋmɔ lɛ wiemɔ lɛ aaadamɔ shi kɛaatee naanɔ!”—Yesaia 40:8.

[Shishigbɛ niŋmai]

[Wiemɔ ni akɔ ni akɛmiitsu nii ni yɔɔ baafa 13]

“Wɔ-Nyɔŋmɔ lɛ wiemɔ lɛ aaadamɔ shi kɛaatee naanɔ!”

[Akrabatsa/Mfonirii ni yɔɔ baafa 12]

POLYGLOT BIBLIAI LƐ

Woloŋlelɔ ko ni jɛ Spain ni atsɛ́ɔ lɛ Federico Pérez Castro wie akɛ: “Polyglot Biblia ji Biblia ni maji anɔ wiemɔi srɔtoi yɔɔ mli. Shi Bibliai ni afɔɔ amɛ kɛ gbɛi nɛɛ tsɛ́mɔ ji Biblia shishitsɔɔmɔi ni aŋmala wiemɔi diɛŋtsɛ ni akɛŋmala Ŋmalɛi lɛ kɛjɛ shishijee lɛ yɛ mli lɛ. Kɛ́ aawie he yɛ shishinumɔ nɛɛ pɛ naa lɛ, no lɛ polyglot Bibliai diɛŋtsɛ ni yɔɔ lɛ faaa.”

1. The Complutensian Polyglot (afi 1514-afi 1517), mɔ ni kɛ shika ye ebua ni akala ji Cardinal Cisneros, ni akala yɛ Alcalá de Henares, yɛ Spain. Wolokpoi ekpaa feɔ Biblia nɛɛ, ni wiemɔi srɔtoi ejwɛ ni yɔɔ mli ji: Hebri, Hela, Aramaik kɛ Latin. Shishitsɔɔlɔi ni hi shi yɛ afi 1500 afii lɛ amli lɛ kwɛ nɔ ni amɛkɛtsɔɔ ŋmalɛi lɛ ashishi kɛtee Hebri kɛ Aramaik Ŋmalɛi ni afee lɛ ekome lɛ mli.

2. The Antwerp Polyglot (afi 1568-afi 1572), ni Benito Arias Montano ji mɔ ni ŋma, ni akɛ Kristofoi a-Hela Ŋmalɛi ni ji Syriac Peshitta shishitsɔɔmɔ lɛ kɛ Aramaik Targum ni Jonathan fee lɛ fata Komplutumbii ashishitsɔɔmɔ lɛ he ni akɛfee. Asaa afee Hebri ŋmalɛi ni hiɛ okadii ni tsɔɔ bɔ ni atsɛ́ɔ wiemɔi kɛ gbɛi ahaa lɛ ekoŋŋ, koni ekɛ nɔ ni yɔɔ Hela ŋmalɛi ni Jacob ben Hayyim fee ni nine shɛ nɔ lɛ akpã gbee. No hewɔ lɛ, ebatsɔ Hebri Ŋmalɛ titri ni Biblia shishitsɔɔlɔi kwɛɔ nɔ kɛtsɔɔ ekrokomɛi ashishi.

3. The Paris Polyglot (afi 1629-afi 1645), ni French mlalelɔ ni atsɛ́ɔ lɛ Guy Michel le Jay ni kɛ shika ye ebua ni akala. Eyɛ mli akɛ Samaritan kɛ Arabik ŋmalɛi lɛ fata he moŋ, shi Antwerp Polyglot lɛ nɔ titri akwɛ ni akɛŋma.

4. The London Polyglot (afi 1655-afi 1657), ni Brian Walton ji mɔ ni ŋma, ni no hu akwɛ Antwerp Polyglot lɛ nɔ ni akɛkala. Eyɛ mli ákɛ akɛ blema Bibliai ni atsɔɔ shishi kɛtee Ethiopia kɛ Persia wiemɔi amli fata Polyglot nɛɛ he moŋ, shi shishitsɔɔmɔi nɛɛ haaa anu Biblia mli ŋmalɛi lɛ ashishi yɛ gbɛ ni yɔɔ srɔto ko nɔ.

[He ni Sane lɛ Jɛ]

Mama ni aŋma nii yɛ nɔ kɛ Antwerp Polyglot lɛ (enyɔ ni yɔɔ shishigbɛ): Biblioteca Histórica. Universidad Complutense de Madrid; Antwerp Polyglot (yiteŋgbɛ): By courtesy of Museum Plantin-Moretus/Stedelijk Prentenkabinet Antwerpen; London Polyglot: From the book The Walton Polyglot Bible, Vol. III, 1655-1657

[Mfoniri ni yɔɔ baafa 9]

Spain maŋtsɛ Philip II

[He ni Sane lɛ Jɛ]

Philip II: Biblioteca Nacional, Madrid

[Mfoniri ni yɔɔ baafa 10]

Arias Montano

[He ni Sane lɛ Jɛ]

Montano: Biblioteca Histórica. Universidad Complutense de Madrid

[Mfoniri ni yɔɔ baafa 10]

Klɛŋklɛŋ woji akalamɔhe ni yɔɔ Antwerp, yɛ Belgium

[He ni Sane lɛ Jɛ]

Woji akalamɔhe: By courtesy of Museum Plantin-Moretus/Stedelijk Prentenkabinet Antwerpen

[Mfonirii ni yɔɔ baafa 11]

Abɛkugbɛ: Christophe Plantin kɛ Antwerp Polyglot lɛ mli baafa ni aŋma Polyglot lɛ gbɛi yɛ nɔ lɛ

[He ni Sane lɛ Jɛ]

Baafa ni aŋma wolo lɛ gbɛi yɛ nɔ kɛ Plantin he mfoniri: By courtesy of Museum Plantin-Moretus/Stedelijk Prentenkabinet Antwerpen

[Mfoniri ni yɔɔ baafa 11]

Yiteŋgbɛ: Mose Wolo ni Ji Enyɔ yitso 15 ni atsɔɔ shishi yɛ wiemɔi srɔtoi ejwɛ mli

[He ni Mfoniri ni yɔɔ baafa 9 lɛ Jɛ]

Baafa ni aŋma wolo lɛ gbɛi yɛ nɔ kɛ Plantin he mfoniri: By courtesy of Museum Plantin-Moretus/Stedelijk Prentenkabinet Antwerpen

[He ni Mfoniri ni yɔɔ baafa 13 lɛ Jɛ]

Biblioteca Histórica. Universidad Complutense de Madrid