John Milton Wolo Ni Laaje Lɛ

EFƆƆƆ kaa ákɛ niŋmalɔ ko aaaná mɛi anɔ hewalɛ waa yɛ je lɛŋ taakɛ bɔ ni ebalɛ yɛ John Milton, ni ji mɔ ni ŋma Blɔfo lalafoo wiemɔ ni ji Paradise Lost lɛ gbɛfaŋ lɛ. Taakɛ mɛi ahe saji aŋmalalɔ ko tsɔɔ mli lɛ, Milton ji mɔ ko ní “mɛi babaoo sumɔɔ esane, mɛi komɛi hu nyɛ̃ɔ lɛ, ni mɛi fioo ko pɛ leee ehe nɔ ko kwraa.” Kɛbashi ŋmɛnɛ lɛ, enitsumɔi lɛ ená Englandbii awoji aŋmalamɔ kɛ kusumii anɔ hewalɛ waa.

Te fee tɛŋŋ ni John Milton baná mɛi anɔ hewalɛ waa nakai? Mɛni ha enaagbee wolo ní eŋma—ni ji On Christian Doctrine—lɛ bafee nɔ ni aje he ŋwane aahu akɛ ehé afii 150 sɔŋŋ dani akala lɛ?

Egbekɛbiiashi

Afɔ John Milton awo weku ko ni jɛ London ni yɔɔ shika babaoo lɛ mli yɛ afi 1608. Milton wie akɛ: “Mitsɛ tsɔse mi kɛjɛ migbekɛbiiashi tɔ̃ɔ koni makase woji aŋmalamɔ he nii yɛ skul, nikasemɔ ko ni minya he aahu ákɛ kɛjɛ beni miye afii 12 kɛyaa lɛ, ja efi mi dani mishiɔ woji ni mikaseɔ lɛ miyawɔɔ dani atswaa maŋkɛ nyɔŋma kɛ enyɔ.” Ebɔ mɔdɛŋ waa yɛ skul nikasemɔi amli ni ená univɛsiti yijiemɔ wolo yɛ Cambridge yɛ afi 1632 mli. Enɛ sɛɛ lɛ, etee nɔ ekase yinɔsane kɛ woji ní aŋmala yɛ blema Hela kɛ Romabii abeaŋ lɛ he nii.

Milton miisumɔ akɛ ebatsɔ lalafoo wiemɔi aŋmalalɔ, shi yɛ ebeaŋ lɛ, basabasafeemɔ ni naa wa miiya nɔ yɛ England kɛha nɔyeli tsakemɔ. Mlawoo kpee ni Oliver Cromwell ji ehiɛnyiɛlɔ lɛ hala saneyelihe ko ní ye Maŋtsɛ Charles I sane ní eha agbe lɛ yɛ afi 1649 mli. Milton tsɔ niŋmaa nɔ ekɛ wiemɔi ni kɔneɔ mɔ yiŋ tsu nii kɛfĩ nifeemɔ nɛɛ sɛɛ, ni enɛ ha ebatsɔ naawielɔ kɛha Cromwell nɔyeli lɛ. Yɛ anɔkwale mli lɛ, dani John Milton baahé gbɛi ákɛ lalafoo wiemɔi aŋmalalɔ lɛ, no mli lɛ ale lɛ jogbaŋŋ yɛ dɛhiɛmɔ woji ni eŋmalaa ni kɔɔ maŋkwramɔŋ kɛ jeŋba he saji ahe lɛ hewɔ.

Sɛɛ mli beni ato maŋtsɛyeli lɛ shishi ekoŋŋ ní awó Charles II ákɛ enɔ maŋtsɛ yɛ 1660 lɛ, Milton wala yaje oshara mli yɛ ekome ni ekɛ Cromwell fee lɛ hewɔ. Milton jo foi eyatee, ni kɛ jeee enanemɛi ni yɔɔ hegbɛi lɛ ahewɔ kulɛ, ewala je edɛŋ. Yɛ enɛɛmɛi fɛɛ amli lɛ, etee nɔ ehiɛ shwelɛ ni mli wa ni eyɔɔ kɛha Nyɔŋmɔjamɔ lɛ mli.

“Biblia Mli Shishitoo Mlai”

Beni Milton wieɔ shwelɛ ni ená yɛ egbekɛbiiashi kɛha Nyɔŋmɔjamɔ he nibii ahe lɛ, eŋma akɛ: “Beni miji oblanyo fioo beebe ni mikɛ hiɛdɔɔ bɔi Kpaŋmɔ Momo lɛ kɛ Kpaŋmɔ Hee lɛ ni yɔɔ Hebri kɛ Hela wiemɔi amli lɛ kasemɔ.” Milton bu Ŋmalɛ Krɔŋkrɔŋ lɛ ákɛ gbɛtsɔɔmɔ wolo kome pɛ ni anyɛɔ akɛ he fɔɔ nɔ yɛ jeŋba kɛ Nyɔŋmɔjamɔ he saji amli. Shi eniiamlipɛimɔ ni kɔɔ Nyɔŋmɔjamɔ he saji ni akpɛlɛɔ nɔ yɛ ebeaŋ lɛ ha enijiaŋ je wui kwraa. Eŋma yɛ sɛɛ mli akɛ: “Misusu akɛ minyɛŋ mikɛ mihe afɔ̃ jamɔŋ saji nɛɛ anɔ kɛha mihemɔkɛyelii aloo hiɛnɔkamɔ ni miyɔɔ kɛha yiwalaheremɔ.” Akɛni Milton tswa efai shi akɛ ekɛ ehemɔkɛyelii lɛ “baato Biblia mli shishitoo mlai lɛ” ahe ekwɛ hewɔ lɛ, eŋmala ŋmalɛi titrii ewo saneyitsei komɛi ashishi, ni etsɛɔ Biblia mli ŋmalɛi kukuji ayisɛɛ kɛjɛɔ nɔ ni eŋmala eshwie lɛ amli.

Ŋmɛnɛ lɛ, nɔ ni akɛkaiɔ John Milton fe fɛɛ ji wolo ni eŋma ni ji Paradise Lost, ni ji lalafoo wiemɔ ni gbaa Biblia mli sane ni tsɔɔ bɔ ni fee ni adesai gbee shi kɛjɛ emuuyeli he lɛ. (Mose Klɛŋklɛŋ Wolo lɛ, yitso 3) Wolo nɛɛ ni eŋma ni akala klɛŋklɛŋ yɛ afi 1667 lɛ ji nɔ̃ titri ni ha Milton hé gbɛi  waa akɛ niŋmalɔ, titri lɛ yɛ je lɛŋ hei ni awieɔ Blɔfo wiemɔ yɛ jɛmɛ lɛ. Sɛɛ mli lɛ eŋma lalafoo wiemɔ ko ni tsaa klɛŋklɛŋ nɔ̃ ni eŋma lɛ nɔ, ni wolo nɛɛ gbɛi ji Paradise Regained. Lalafoo wiemɔi nɛɛ tsɔɔ Nyɔŋmɔ shishijee yiŋtoo kɛha adesai—koni amɛná miishɛɛ yɛ shihilɛ ni yeɔ emuu mli yɛ paradeiso shikpɔŋ nɔ—ni etsɔɔ bɔ ni Nyɔŋmɔ baatsɔ Kristo nɔ ekɛ Paradeiso aku sɛɛ aba shikpɔŋ lɛ nɔ ekoŋŋ. Ákɛ nɔkwɛmɔ lɛ, yɛ wolo ni ji Paradise Lost lɛ mli lɛ, Michael ni ji bɔfonukpa lɛ gba akɛ be ko baaba ni Kristo “baajɔɔ Enɔkwafoi lɛ, ni ebaaha amɛ naanɔ miishɛɛ, yɛ ŋwɛi loo shikpɔŋ lɛ nɔ, ejaakɛ no beaŋ lɛ shikpɔŋ lɛ nɔ fɛɛ baatsɔ paradeiso, ni ebaafee he ko ni miishɛɛ babaoo yɔɔ fe Eden, ni ebaafee nɔ ni miishɛɛ yɔɔ mli diɛŋtsɛ.”

On Christian Doctrine Wolo Lɛ

Milton kɛ afii babaoo tao akɛ eŋma wolo ko ni wieɔ Kristofoi ashihilɛ kɛ tsɔɔmɔi ahe fitsofitso. Eyɛ mli akɛ beni shɛɔ afi 1652 lɛ eshwila kwraa moŋ, shi ewoloŋmalɔi lɛ ye bua lɛ kɛtsu enɛ he nii dani egbo yɛ afi 1674 mli. Milton tsɛ́ enaagbee wolo ni eŋma nɛɛ akɛ A Treatise on Christian Doctrine Compiled From the Holy Scriptures Alone (Kristofoi Atsɔɔmɔi ni Abua Naa Kɛjɛ Ŋmalɛ Krɔŋkrɔŋ lɛ Pɛ Mli lɛ He Wolo). Eŋma yɛ wolo lɛ hiɛkpamɔ wiemɔ lɛ mli akɛ: “Woloŋmalɔi ni wie sane nɛɛ he lɛ ateŋ mɛi babaoo . . . ŋmala yitsei kɛ kukuji ni yɔɔ Biblia lɛ mli ni saji ni amɛtsɔɔ lɛ fɛɛ damɔ nɔ lɛ ahe saji kukuji yɛ amɛwoji lɛ anaabui. Shi yɛ migbɛfaŋ lɛ, mibɔ mɔdɛŋ mihala ŋmalɛi kɛjɛ Biblia lɛ mli fɛɛ ni mikɛŋmala saji babaoo yɛ miwolo lɛ mli.” Nɔ ni Milton wie lɛ ji anɔkwale, ejaakɛ On Christian Doctrine wolo lɛ tsɛ́ Ŋmalɛi ni fe 9,000 ayisɛɛ.

Eyɛ mli akɛ yɛ be ni tsɔ hiɛ lɛ mli lɛ Milton shashaooo shi akɛ ebaajie esusumɔi akpo moŋ, shi ekalaaa wolo nɛɛ. Mɛni hewɔ? Yiŋtoo kome hewɔ ni efee nakai lɛ ji akɛ, ele akɛ bɔ ni egbala Ŋmalɛi lɛ amli eha lɛ yɛ srɔto kwraa yɛ nɔ ni sɔlemɔ lɛ tsɔɔ lɛ he. Kɛfata he lɛ, akɛni asaa ato maŋtsɛyeli lɛ ama shi ekoŋŋ hewɔ lɛ, enaaa nɔyeli lɛ nɔkpɛlɛmɔ. No hewɔ lɛ, ekolɛ eemɛ be ni hi jogbaŋŋ koni enyɛ ekala wolo lɛ. Yɛ fɛɛ sɛɛ lɛ, beni Milton egbo sɛɛ lɛ, ewoloŋmalɔ lɛ kɛ wolo ni akɛ nine ŋmala yɛ Latin mli lɛ tee woji akalamɔhe ko koni akala, shi amɛkpoo akɛ amɛaakala. Ŋleshi maŋsɔɔlɔ ni kwɛɔ maŋsɛɛ saji anɔ yɛ nakai beaŋ lɛ hé wolo lɛ yɛ edɛ̃ ni ekɛyato. Ehé afii 150 sɔŋŋ dani Milton wolo lɛ je kpo.

Yɛ afi 1823 lɛ, nuu ko ni tsuɔ nii yɛ wojiatoohe lɛ yana wolo ni Milton kɛ eniji ŋmala lɛ ni akota. Englandbii amaŋtsɛ ni yeɔ nɔ yɛ nakai beaŋ ni ji Maŋtsɛ George IV lɛ fã koni atsɔɔ wolo lɛ shishi kɛjɛ Latin wiemɔ mli kɛba Blɔfo wiemɔ. Afii enyɔ sɛɛ beni akala yɛ Blɔfo wiemɔ mli lɛ, wolo lɛ tée naataamɔ ni naa wa shi yɛ mɛi ni kaseɔ Nyɔŋmɔjamɔ he nii kɛ woji aŋmalalɔi ateŋ. Amrɔ nɔŋŋ lɛ osɔfonukpa ko kɛɛ akɛ wolo lɛ ji shishiumɔ wolo, ni eheee eyeee akɛ Milton—mɔ ni mɛi babaoo buɔ lɛ akɛ eji jamɔ he lalafoo wiemɔ ŋmalɔ ni ehe  gbɛi fe fɛɛ yɛ England lɛ—baanyɛ ekɛ shiŋŋfeemɔ akpoo sɔlemɔ lɛ tsɔɔmɔi ni anyaa he waa lɛ. Akɛni shishitsɔɔlɔ lɛ tsɔ hiɛ ena akɛ mɛi baate shi awo wolo lɛ, ni eesumɔ ni ema nɔ mi akɛ Milton ji mɔ ni ŋma wolo lɛ hewɔ lɛ, ekɛ shishigbɛ niŋmai komekomei 500 ni yɔɔ fitsofitso ni je amɛhe yɛ On Christian Doctrine kɛ Paradise Lost woji lɛ amli lɛ fata shishitsɔɔmɔ lɛ he. *

Nibii ni Milton Heɔ Yeɔ

Beni shɛɔ Milton beaŋ lɛ, no mli lɛ Englandbii lɛ ekpɛlɛ Protestantbii ni tse amɛhe kɛjɛ Roman Katolik Jamɔ lɛ he lɛ atsɔɔmɔi lɛ anɔ. Protestantbii lɛ babaoo heɔ yeɔ akɛ esa akɛ aha Ŋmalɛ Krɔŋkrɔŋ lɛ pɛ atsɔɔ nɔ ni ja yɛ hemɔkɛyeli kɛ jeŋba he saji ahe, shi jeee paapa lɛ. Shi yɛ On Christian Doctrine wolo lɛ mli lɛ, Milton tsɔɔ mli akɛ Protestantbii lɛ atsɔɔmɔi kɛ nifeemɔi babaoo yɛ ni kɛ Ŋmalɛi lɛ kpãaa gbee. Milton damɔ Biblia lɛ nɔ ekpoo Calvin tsɔɔmɔ ni kɔɔ shɛɛ mli sane he lɛ, shi efĩ nihalamɔ mli heyeli ni adesai yɔɔ lɛ sɛɛ. Ewo Nyɔŋmɔ gbɛi ni ji Yehowa lɛ kɛ nitsumɔ yɛ bulɛ gbɛ nɔ lɛ he hewalɛ, ni ekɛtsu nii shii abɔ yɛ eniŋmaai lɛ amli.

Milton kɛ Ŋmalɛ lɛ tsu nii kɛtsɔɔ akɛ adesa susuma lɛ gboɔ. Beni ewieɔ 1 Mose 2:7 lɛ he lɛ, eŋma akɛ: “Beni abɔ gbɔmɔ yɛ nɛkɛ gbɛ nɔ lɛ, Ŋmalɛ lɛ kɛɛ yɛ naagbee mli akɛ: ni gbɔmɔ tsɔ wala susuma. . . . Jeee nibii enyɔ ji nɔ ni feɔ gbɔmɔ ni asaŋ anyɛŋ agbala gbɔmɔ mli: taakɛ mɛi babaoo susuɔ lɛ, jeee nibii srɔtoi enyɔ ni ji susuma kɛ gbɔmɔtso akɛbɔ gbɔmɔ. Nɔ ni tamɔɔɔ nakai lɛ, gbɔmɔ lɛ diɛŋtsɛ ji susuma lɛ, ni susuma lɛ ji gbɔmɔ lɛ.” No sɛɛ lɛ Milton bi akɛ: “Ani gbɔmɔ muu lɛ fɛɛ gboɔ, aloo gbɔmɔtso ni anaa yɛ kponɔgbɛ lɛ pɛ gboɔ?” Beni ekɛ Biblia mli ŋmalɛi babaoo etsɔɔ akɛ gbɔmɔ muu lɛ fɛɛ gboɔ sɛɛ lɛ, ekɛfata he akɛ: “shi odaseyeli ni kɔneɔ mɔ yiŋ fe fɛɛ ni manyɛ mikɛha kɛtsɔɔ akɛ susuma lɛ gboɔ ji nɔ ni Nyɔŋmɔ diɛŋtsɛ kɛha yɛ Ezek[iel 18:]20 lɛ, ni tsɔɔ akɛ: susuma ni feɔ esha lɛ, lɛ nɔŋŋ eeegbo.” Milton tsɛ́ ŋmalɛi tamɔ Luka 20:37 kɛ Yohane 11:25 lɛ ni ekɛtsɔɔ akɛ hiɛnɔkamɔ ni yɔɔ kɛha adesai ni egboi lɛ ji akɛ amɛbaaná gbohiiashitee yɛ wɔsɛɛ be mli.

Mɛni ha ate shi awo On Christian Doctrine wolo lɛ waa nakai lɛ? No ji Biblia mli odaseyeli ni mli kã shi faŋŋ ni náa mɔ nɔ hewalɛ ni Milton kɛha kɛtsɔɔ akɛ Kristo ji Nyɔŋmɔ Bi, ni ákɛ ebaa shi fe Nyɔŋmɔ ni ji Tsɛ lɛ. Beni Milton etsɛ́ Yohane 17:3 kɛ Yohane 20:17 lɛ ayisɛɛ sɛɛ lɛ, ebi akɛ: “Kɛ́ Tsɛ lɛ ji Kristo Nyɔŋmɔ kɛ wɔ hu wɔ-Nyɔŋmɔ, ni kɛ́ Nyɔŋmɔ kome pɛ yɔɔ lɛ, belɛ namɔ baanyɛ afee Nyɔŋmɔ akɛ ja Tsɛ lɛ?”

Kɛfata he lɛ, Milton tsɔɔ akɛ: “Bi lɛ diɛŋtsɛ kɛ ebɔfoi lɛ fɛɛ tsɔ amɛwiemɔ kɛ nibii fɛɛ ni amɛŋmala lɛ nɔ amɛkpɛlɛ nɔ akɛ Tsɛ lɛ da fe Bi lɛ yɛ nibii fɛɛ mli.” (Yohane 14:28) “Yɛ anɔkwale mli lɛ, Kristo diɛŋtsɛ ji mɔ ni kɛɛ yɛ Mat[eo 26:]39 lɛ akɛ: Oo mitsɛ, kɛji aaaho lɛ, hã ni kpulu nɛɛ aho mihe aya; shi kɛlɛ jeee bɔ ni mi misumɔɔ, shi moŋ bɔ ni bo osumɔɔ. . . . Mɛni hewɔ esɔleɔ ehaa e-Tsɛ lɛ pɛ shi jeee lɛ diɛŋtsɛ ehe, kɛ́ lɛ diɛŋtsɛ lɛ Nyɔŋmɔ ji lɛ lɛ? Kɛ́ gbɔmɔ ni, ni lɛ nɔŋŋ ji Nyɔŋmɔ ofe lɛ, mɛni hewɔ mɔ ni esɔleɔ kɛbiɔ nɔ ko ni yɔɔ lɛ diɛŋtsɛ ehewalɛ mli lɛ? . . . Tamɔ bɔ ni Bi lɛ jáa Tsɛ lɛ ni ekɛ woo hu haa lɛ yɛ he fɛɛ he lɛ, nakai nɔŋŋ etsɔɔ wɔ koni wɔfee.”

Milton Gbɔjɔmɔi

John Milton tao anɔkwale lɛ sɛɛ gbɛ. Shi kɛlɛ adesai agbɔjɔmɔi ni eyɔɔ lɛ ná enɔ hewalɛ, ni ekolɛ shihilɛi gbohii ni ekɛkpe lɛ ná esusumɔi lɛ ekomɛi anɔ hewalɛ. Ákɛ nɔkwɛmɔnɔ lɛ, beni amɛbote gbalashihilɛ mli sɛɛ etsɛɛ lɛ, eŋa ni ji shikpɔŋtsɛ ko ni yeɔ buaa Odehei aweku lɛ biyoo fioo lɛ shi lɛ ni eku esɛɛ ekɛ eweku lɛ yahi shi afii etɛ. Nɛkɛ bei nɛɛ amli Milton kɛŋmala dɛhiɛmɔ woji kɛtsɔɔ akɛ gbalamlitsemɔ ni jeee ajwamaŋbɔɔ—ni ji nɔdaamɔnɔ pɛ ni Yesu kɛha kɛha gbalamlitsemɔ—hewɔ jɛ lɛ ja, ni etsɔɔ hu akɛ eja akɛ aaatse gbala kɛji akɛ hefatalɔi lɛ kɛ amɛhe kpãaa gbee. (Mateo 19:9) Milton wo susumɔ nɛɛ nɔŋŋ he hewalɛ yɛ On Christian Doctrine wolo lɛ mli.

Yɛ Milton fãtɔɔi lɛ fɛɛ sɛɛ lɛ, On Christian Doctrine wolo lɛ kɛ Biblia lɛ susumɔ haa yɛ tsɔɔmɔi ni he hiaa lɛ babaoo he yɛ gbɛ ni náa mɔ nɔ hewalɛ nɔ. Kɛbashi ŋmɛnɛ lɛ, ewolo lɛ haa ekanelɔi lɛ kɛ amɛhemɔkɛyelii lɛ toɔ shishitoo mlai ni yeɔ emuu ni yɔɔ Ŋmalɛ Krɔŋkrɔŋ lɛ mli lɛ he amɛkwɛɔ.

[Shishigbɛ niŋmaa]

[Mfoniri ni yɔɔ baafa 11]

Milton ji mɔ ko ni ná Biblia lɛ kasemɔ he miishɛɛ waa

[He ni Sane lɛ Jɛ]

Courtesy of The Early Modern Web at Oxford

[Mfoniri ni yɔɔ baafa 12]

Lalafoo wiemɔ ni ji “Paradise Lost” lɛ ha Milton he gbɛi waa

[He ni Sane lɛ Jɛ]

Courtesy of The Early Modern Web at Oxford

[Mfoniri ni yɔɔ baafa 12]

Naagbee wolo ni Milton ŋma lɛ laaje afii 150 sɔŋŋ

[He ni Sane lɛ Jɛ]

Image courtesy of Rare Books and Special Collections, Thomas Cooper Library, University of South Carolina

[He ni Mfoniri ni yɔɔ baafa 11 lɛ Jɛ]

Image courtesy of Rare Books and Special Collections, Thomas Cooper Library, University of South Carolina