“Mla Lɛ Etsɔ Wɔtsɔselɔ”

GBEKƐBII enyiɛ yɔɔ ni kpɛlɛɔ nɔ akɛ sɛɛnamɔ yɛ mlai kɛ tsɔsemɔ he? Fioo ko pɛ. Yɛ amɛgbɛfaŋ lɛ eji mlila sane akɛ aaatsĩ amɛnaa yɛ nɔ ko feemɔ mli. Shi mɛi ni eji amɛsɔ̃ akɛ amɛkwɛ gbekɛbii anɔ lɛ le akɛ ehe miihia ni hiɛ ahi gbekɛbii ahe jogbaŋŋ diɛŋtsɛ. Ni kɛ́ gbekɛbii lɛ dara lɛ, ekolɛ amɛteaŋ mɛi babaoo baana sɛɛnamɔi ni yɔɔ tsɔsemɔ ni akɛha amɛ lɛ he. Bɔfo Paulo kɛ nɔkwɛmɔnɔ ko ni kɔɔ nuu ni buɔ gbekɛbii ahe lɛ tsu nii kɛfee gbɛ  nɔ ni Yehowa Nyɔŋmɔ tsɔɔ ekwɛɔ ewebii anɔ lɛ he mfoniri.

Klɛŋklɛŋ afii 100 lɛ mli Kristofoi komɛi ni hi Roma kpokpaa ni ji Galatia lɛ mli lɛ ma nɔ mi akɛ Nyɔŋmɔ sumɔɔ mɛi ni yeɔ Mla ni etsɔ Mose nɔ ekɛha Israelbii lɛ nɔ lɛ pɛ asane. Bɔfo Paulo le akɛ amɛsusumɔi lɛ ejaaa, ejaakɛ Nyɔŋmɔ kɛ emumɔ krɔŋkrɔŋ lɛ ha mɛi ni kɛ Yudafoi lɛ amla lɛ tsuko nii dã. (Bɔfoi lɛ Asaji 15:12) No hewɔ lɛ, Paulo tsɔ nɔkwɛmɔnɔ ko nɔ ejaje susumɔ ni ejaaa nɛɛ. Eŋma yɛ wolo ni ekɛmaje Kristofoi ni yɔɔ Galata lɛ mli akɛ: “Mla lɛ etsɔ wɔtsɔselɔ kɛmiiya Kristo ŋɔɔ.” (Galatabii 3:24) Woloŋlelɔ ko kɛɛ akɛ “kɛjɛ blema beaŋ tɔ̃ɔ lɛ,” tsɔselɔ “tsuɔ gbɛfaŋnɔ ko ni he hiaa jogbaŋŋ he nii.” Kɛji wɔná wɔle nitsumɔi ni tsɔselɔ lɛ tsuɔ lɛ, no baaye abua wɔ ni wɔnu oti ni bɔfo Paulo wieɔ he lɛ shishi jogbaŋŋ.

Tsɔselɔ lɛ kɛ Enitsumɔi

Afɔɔ tsɔselɔi kɛ nitsumɔ waa yɛ Hela, Roma, kɛ ekolɛ Yudafoi niiatsɛmɛi ashiai amli koni amɛkwɛ gbekɛbii anɔ kɛjɛ amɛgbekɛbiiashi kɛyashi amɛblahiiaŋ. Nakai beaŋ lɛ, tsɔselɔ lɛ ji nyɔŋ ko ni eda yɛ afii amli ni anyɛɔ akɛ he fɔ̃ɔ enɔ, ni enitsumɔ ji ni ekwɛ ni gbekɛ lɛ afee shweshweeshwe ni agbɛnɛ hu ebɔ mɔdɛŋ ni efee nɔ fɛɛ nɔ ni gbekɛ lɛ tsɛ taoɔ akɛ efee eha gbekɛ lɛ. Gbi muu lɛ fɛɛ lɛ tsɔselɔ lɛ nyiɛɔ gbekɛ lɛ sɛɛ kɛyaa he fɛɛ he ni eyaa, ekwɛɔ ni gbekɛ lɛ he afee falefale, ekɛ gbekɛ lɛ yaa skul hu, ni bei pii lɛ, ehiɛɔ gbekɛ lɛ skul woji kɛ nibii krokomɛi, ni ekwɛɔ gbekɛ lɛ nɔ beni ekaseɔ nii lɛ.

Bei pii lɛ tsɔselɔ lɛ jeee skul tsɔɔlɔ. Tsɔselɔ lɛ etsɔɔɔ gbekɛ lɛ woloŋlee, shi nɔ pɛ ni etsuɔ ji ni ekwɛ ni gbekɛ lɛ kɛ tsɛ lɛ gbɛtsɔɔmɔi atsu nii. Shi yɛ gbɛ ko nɔ lɛ, etsɔɔ gbekɛ lɛ nii kɛtsɔ kwɛmɔ kɛ tsɔsemɔ ni ekɛhaa gbekɛ lɛ nɔ. Nɔ ni fata enɛ he ji akɛ etsɔɔ gbekɛ lɛ bɔ ni abaa jeŋ jogbaŋŋ ahaa, ekãa ehiɛ, ni bei komɛi po lɛ eyiɔ lɛ kɛgbalaa etoi yɛ jeŋba fɔŋ ko hewɔ. Yɛ anɔkwale mli lɛ, gbekɛ lɛ fɔlɔi ji mɛi titri ni tsɔseɔ lɛ. Fɛɛ sɛɛ lɛ, beni gbekɛ lɛ daa lɛ, etsɔselɔ lɛ tsɔɔ lɛ bɔ ni esa akɛ kɛ́ enyiɛ gbɛjegbɛi lɛ anɔ lɛ ekwɛ jogbaŋŋ, bɔ ni esa akɛ ewo etade nɔhaanɔ lɛ, eta shi ni eye nii  jogbaŋŋ, ni etsɔɔ lɛ hu koni ete shi edamɔ shi kɛ́ onukpai bote tsu lɛ mli, ni esumɔ efɔlɔi, kɛ nibii krokomɛi hu ni fata he.

Hela jeŋ nilelɔ Plato (ni hi shi yɛ afi 428-348 D.Ŋ.B.) nu he akɛ esa akɛ akudɔ gbekɛbii ahenumɔi. Plato ŋma akɛ “taakɛ bɔ ni too loo kooloo kroko ni kpeɔ jwɛi yɔɔ kwɛlɔ lɛ, nakai nɔŋŋ gbekɛbii nyɛŋ ahi shi ni tsɔselɔ bɛ amɛhe, ni nyɔŋ ko hu nyɛŋ ahi shi ni ebɛ nuŋtsɔ.” Ekolɛ etamɔ nɔ ni susumɔ nɛɛ yɛ keketee tsɔ, shi nakai ji bɔ ni Plato susu nii ahe eha.

Akɛni ni tsɔselɔi nɛɛ yɛ gbekɛbii lɛ amasɛi be fɛɛ be hewɔ lɛ, mɛi naa amɛ akɛ amɛji hebulɔi ni yi wa kɛ tsɔselɔi ni yɔɔ keketee, mɛi ni folɔɔ mɛi anaa be fɛɛ be yɛ nibii bibii po ahe, ni haaa mɔ he ajɔ lɛ kɔkɔɔkɔ. Eyɛ mli akɛ tsɔselɔi lɛ ekomɛi feɔ nibii ni atsi tã nɛɛ moŋ, shi amɛkɛ hebuu haa yɛ jeŋba kɛ gbɔmɔtsoŋ fɛɛ. Hela yinɔsaneŋmalɔ ni ji Appian ni hi shi yɛ afi 100 Ŋ.B. afii lɛ amli lɛ gba sane ko ni kɔɔ tsɔselɔ ko ni beni ekɛ gbekɛ ko yaa skul lɛ, ekɛ eniji shwie gbekɛ lɛ nɔ koni ekɛbu ehe kɛjɛ mɛi ni taoɔ agbe gbekɛ lɛ adɛŋ lɛ he. Beni ekpɛlɛɛɛ akɛ eŋmɛɔ gbekɛ lɛ he ehaa amɛ lɛ, amɛgbe ekɛ gbekɛ lɛ fɛɛ.

Nakai beaŋ lɛ jeŋba shara ji nifeemɔ ko ni egbɛ eshwa Helabii aje lɛ mli. Ehe bahia ni abu gbekɛbii ahe, titri lɛ gbekɛbii hii kɛjɛ bɔlɛnamɔ mli niseniianifeemɔ he. Akɛni no beaŋ lɛ anyɛɛɛ amu afɔ̃ skul tsɔɔlɔi anɔ hewɔ lɛ, tsɔselɔi hiɔ gbekɛ lɛ masɛi beni atsɔɔ lɛ nii lɛ. Helanyo ni ji Libanius ni naa tse kɛ wiemɔ hamɔ, ni hi shi yɛ afi 300 Ŋ.B. afii lɛ amli lɛ po wie akɛ, ehe bahia ni tsɔselɔi lɛ afee amɛhe “oblahii kɛ oblayei ni kpaako amɛdaraa lɛ ahebulɔi” koni “amɛkɛtsi suɔlɔi ni esaaa ni baasumɔ akɛ amɛkɛ gbekɛbii lɛ agba sane lɛ anaa, ni aŋmɛɛɛ mɛi nɛɛ agbɛ po ni amɛkɛ gbekɛbii hii lɛ abɔ naanyo.” Enɛ ha mɛi ni abuɔ amɛhe lɛ kɛ bulɛ ha tsɔselɔi nɛɛ ateŋ mɛi babaoo. Kaimɔ tɛtaoi yeɔ bɔ ni onukpai kã he amɛhiɛ sɔɔ tsutsu tsɔselɔi nɛɛ waa beni amɛgboi lɛ he odase.

Mla lɛ akɛ Tsɔselɔ

Mɛni hewɔ ni bɔfo Paulo kɛ Mose Mla lɛ to tsɔselɔ he lɛ? Mɛni haa nɔkwɛmɔnɔ nɛɛ bafeɔ nɔ ni sa jogbaŋŋ lɛ?

Klɛŋklɛŋ nɔ lɛ ji akɛ, Mla lɛ bafee hebuu nɔ̃. Paulo tsɔɔ mli ákɛ akɛ Yudafoi lɛ “eto mla shishi.” Etamɔ nɔ ni akɛ amɛ ewo tsɔselɔ ko kwɛmɔ shishi. (Galatabii 3:23) Mla lɛ ná amɛshihilɛ mli nɔ fɛɛ nɔ kwraa nɔ hewalɛ. Ekudɔ amɛbɔlɛnamɔ mli henumɔi kɛ heloonaa akɔnɔi fɛɛ. Mla lɛ kudɔ amɛjeŋba ni etee nɔ ekã amɛhiɛ yɛ amɛfatɔɔi lɛ ahe, ni enɛ ha Israelnyo fɛɛ Israelnyo yɔse heni etɔɔ fã yɛ.

Mla lɛ hu bu amɛhe kɛjɛ nifeemɔi ni náa mɔ nɔ hewalɛ gbonyo lɛ ahe, tamɔ jeŋba shara kɛ jamɔŋ nifeemɔi ni esaaa ni yaa nɔ yɛ maji ni ebɔle Israel he kɛkpe lɛ amli lɛ nɛkɛ. Ákɛ nɔkwɛmɔnɔ lɛ, gu ni Nyɔŋmɔ gu akɛ amɛkɛ wɔŋjalɔi akabote gbalashihilɛ mli lɛ sa jogbaŋŋ bɔni afee ni eha maŋ muu lɛ fɛɛ aná amɛkɛ Nyɔŋmɔ teŋ wekukpaa kpakpa. (5 Mose 7:3, 4) Nakai akpɔi lɛ baa jamɔ krɔŋŋ ni Nyɔŋmɔ webii lɛ kɛhaa lɛ lɛ yi, ni esaa amɛ koni amɛnyɛ amɛyɔse Mesia lɛ. Ekã shi faŋŋ akɛ nibii nɛɛ ji nikeenii ni maa suɔmɔ ni eyɔɔ kɛha ewebii lɛ nɔ mi diɛŋtsɛ. Mose kai enyɛmimɛi Israelbii lɛ akɛ: “Bɔ ni mɔ tsɔseɔ ebi lɛ, nakai Yehowa, o-Nyɔŋmɔ lɛ, tsɔseɔo nɛɛ.”—5 Mose 8:5.

Shi kɛlɛ, nɔ ko ni sa kadimɔ jogbaŋŋ yɛ bɔfo Paulo nɔkwɛmɔnɔ lɛ mli ji, be kukuoo hewalɛ ni tsɔselɔ ko yɔɔ lɛ. Kɛji gbekɛ lɛ da lɛ, ebɛ tsɔselɔ lɛ kudɔmɔ shishi dɔŋŋ. Hela yinɔsaneŋmalɔ ni ji Xenophon (ni hi shi kɛjɛ afi 431-352 D.Ŋ.B.) lɛ ŋma akɛ: “Kɛji gbekɛ nuu ko batsɔ oblanyo lɛ, mɛi krokomɛi tamɔ efɔlɔi jieɔ lɛ yɛ [etsɔselɔ] kɛ [etsɔɔlɔ] shishi; ebɛ amɛshishi dɔŋŋ, shi aŋmɛɔ lɛ gbɛ ni efee nɔ ni esumɔɔ yɛ shihilɛ mli.”

Hewalɛ ni Mose Mla lɛ yɔɔ lɛ tamɔ nakai nɔŋŋ. Nibii ni etsu lɛ ji be kukuoo ko nɔ—‘koni eha nɔtɔmɔi aje kpo faŋŋ, kɛyashi beyinɔ ní seshi ni ji Yesu Kristo ní awo shi yɛ ehe lɛ baaba.’ Bɔfo Paulo tsɔɔ mli akɛ, kɛha Yudafoi lɛ, Mla lɛ ji ‘tsɔselɔ kɛmiiya Kristo ŋɔɔ.’ Kɛ́ Yudafoi ni hi shi yɛ Paulo beaŋ lɛ baanyɛ aná Nyɔŋmɔ hiɛ duromɔ lɛ, no lɛ esa akɛ amɛkpɛlɛ gbɛfaŋnɔ ni Yesu tsuɔ yɛ Nyɔŋmɔ yiŋtoo mli lɛ nɔ. Kɛji amɛyɔse gbɛfaŋnɔ ni Yesu tsuɔ he nii lɛ, no haa nitsumɔ ni tsɔselɔ lɛ tsuɔ lɛ baa mli.—Galatabii 3:19, 24, 25.

Mla ni Nyɔŋmɔ kɛha Israelbii lɛ yeɔ emuu. Etsu yiŋtoo hewɔ ni Nyɔŋmɔ kɛha lɛ he nii  kɛmɔ shi—no ji ni ebu ewebii lɛ ahe koni eha amɛle eshishitoo mlai ni nɔ kwɔlɔ lɛ. (Romabii 7:7-14) Mla lɛ fee tsɔselɔ kpakpa. Kɛlɛ, kɛha mɛi komɛi ni hi shi yɛ Mla lɛ hebuu shishi lɛ, etamɔ nɔ ni nibii ni ebiɔ ni afee lɛ batsɔ tamɔ jatsu kɛha amɛ. Enɛ hewɔ ni Paulo ŋma akɛ, beni Nyɔŋmɔ be ni eto lɛ shɛ lɛ, “Kristo kpɔ̃ wɔ kɛjɛ mla lɛ loomɔ lɛ mli” lɛ. Mla lɛ fee “loomɔ” kɛ shishinumɔ pɛ akɛ ebi ni Yudafoi ni yeee emuu lɛ afee toiboo amɛha mlai ni amɛnyɛŋ amɛhi shi yɛ naa jogbaŋŋ kɛmɔ shi lɛ anaa. Mla lɛ bi ni amɛtsu kusumii komɛi ni ebiɔ ni akɛ henɔkwɛmɔ atsu he nii jogbaŋŋ lɛ ahe nii. Shi kɛ́ Yudanyo ko kpɛlɛ nibii ni nɔ bɛ ni Yesu kpɔ̃mɔ afɔleshaa lɛ tsuɔ lɛ nɔ lɛ, no lɛ ehe ehiaaa akɛ ekɛ tsɔselɔ lɛ gbɛtsii nibii lɛ atsu nii dɔŋŋ.—Galatabii 3:13; 4:9, 10.

No hewɔ lɛ, nɔ̃ hewɔ ni Paulo kɛ Mose Mla lɛ to tsɔselɔ lɛ he lɛ ji ni ekɛma nɔ mi akɛ akɛha koni ekudɔ Yudafoi lɛ, ni akɛ eji be kukuoo tsɔselɔ. No hewɔ lɛ, jeee toiboo ni aaafee aha Mla lɛ ji nɔ ni baaha mɔ aná Yehowa hiɛ duromɔ, shi moŋ kɛtsɔ Yesu ni abaakpɛlɛ enɔ ni aná emli hemɔkɛyeli lɛ nɔ.—Galatabii 2:16; 3:11.

[Akrabatsa/Mfoniri ni yɔɔ baafa 21]

“KWƐLƆI” KƐ “TSUJI NUKPAI”

Kɛfata sane ni kɔɔ tsɔselɔ lɛ he ni Paulo ŋma lɛ he lɛ, ekɛ nɔkwɛmɔnɔ ni kɔɔ “kwɛlɔi” kɛ “tsuji nukpai” ahe lɛ hu tsu nii. Wɔkaneɔ yɛ Galatabii 4:1, 2 lɛ akɛ: “Gbii abɔ ni gboshiniyelɔ lɛ ji abifao lɛ, srɔto ko bɛ ekɛ tsulɔ teŋ, tsɛbelɛ lɛ ji nii lɛ fɛɛ tsɛ; shi moŋ eyɛ kwɛlɔi kɛ tsuji nukpai ashishi kɛyashi be ni tsɛ lɛ eto lɛ.” Eyɛ faŋŋ akɛ srɔtofeemɔ yɛ “kwɛlɔi” kɛ “tsuji nukpai” anitsumɔ lɛ kɛ tsɔselɔi anɔ̃ lɛ teŋ yɛ nakai beaŋ, shi oti kome too lɛ nɔŋŋ ji nɔ ni Paulo taoɔ ni ema nɔ mi lɛ.

Yɛ Romabii amla shishi lɛ, adamɔɔ mla nɔ ahalaa ‘nuu ko akɛ kwɛlɔ’ koni ebu awũsa ko ni edako he, ni etsu gbekɛ lɛ shika saji ahe nii eha lɛ kɛyashi gbekɛ lɛ baada. No hewɔ lɛ, Paulo kɛɛ akɛ, eyɛ mli akɛ yɛ mla naa lɛ gbekɛ lɛ ji “nuŋtsɔ” yɛ egboshinii lɛ anɔ moŋ, shi gbii abɔ ni eji gbekɛ lɛ, etamɔ nyɔŋ, ni ebɛ hegbɛ yɛ egboshinii lɛ anɔ.

Yɛ gbɛ kroko nɔ lɛ, ‘tsulɔ nukpa’ lɛ sɔmɔɔ akɛ mɔ ni kwɛɔ gbekɛ lɛ gboshinii lɛ ahe shika saji anɔ. Flavius Josephus ni ji Yudanyo yinɔsaneŋmalɔ lɛ kɛɛ akɛ, oblanyo ko ni atsɛɔ lɛ Hyrcanus lɛ bi etsɛ koni eŋma wolo kɛfã etsulɔ lɛ ni eha Hyrcanus shika koni ekɛyahe nɔ fɛɛ nɔ ni he hiaa lɛ.

No hewɔ lɛ, taakɛ eji beni gbekɛ ko yɔɔ tsɔselɔ ko shishi lɛ, nakai nɔŋŋ beni gbekɛ ko yɔɔ ‘kwɛlɔ’ loo ‘tsulɔ nukpa’ ko shishi lɛ, etsɔɔ heyeli ni ebɛ be mli ni ekã he eji gbekɛ lɛ. Mɛi komɛi kudɔɔ gbekɛ lɛ shihilɛ kɛyashi be ni etsɛ eto lɛ dani eyeɔ ehe.

[Mfoniri ni yɔɔ baafa 19]

Nitɛŋmɔ ko ni yɔɔ Helabii akukwɛi ko he ní miitsɔɔ tsɔselɔ ko ni hiɛ etso

[He ni Sane lɛ Jɛ]

National Archaeological Museum, Athens

[Mfoniri ni yɔɔ baafa 19]

Mfoniri ko ni yɔɔ afi 400 D.Ŋ.B. afii lɛ amli kpulu ko he ní miitsɔɔ tsɔselɔ ko (ni hiɛ tso) ní eekwɛ gbekɛ ko ni yɔɔ ekwɛmɔ shishi beni ekaseɔ lalafoo wiemɔi kɛ lalai ahe nii lɛ

[He ni Sane lɛ Jɛ]

Bildarchiv Preussischer Kulturbesitz/Art Resource, NY