Batafusiri Babiri Bagalwire Ezino lya Mungu omu Ndagano Mpyahya
Liguma omu masala marhanzi abantu banayiga liba sala lya Waliha, Yesu ayigirizaga abanafunzi bage. Elyola sala liba omu chigabi che Biblia chizigana kuyirikwa Ndagano Mpyahya. Elyola sala lirhondere ntya: “Darha oli omu mbingu, ezino lyawe lichesibwe.” (Matayo 6:9) Chiro akaba oku ezino lya Mungu linatafusiribwa omu chiswahiri “Yehova” na mango maguma-maguma “Yahweh” hofi ntaho lichibonekana omu tafusiri ze Ndagano Mpyahya. Aliko wanabugana mw’ezola tafusiri muli amazino ma bamungu b’obubeshi nka Zeus, Hermes, Artemis. Sasa si chakaja charhuma barhaderha ezino lya Mungu w’okuli nyine Ebiblia lyowe?—Matendo 14:12; 19:35; 2 Timoteo 3:16.
Edagano Mpyahya eherhe mazino kamama ma bamungu b’obubeshi, orhabwene oku erhakafunda kuderha n’oku zino lya Mungu w’okuli si?
Abatafusiri be Biblia y’Echingereza Lancelot Shadwell na Frederick Parker balichizerere oku bihemere ezino lya Mungu lishube ligalulwe omu Ndagano Mpyahya. Chirhumire rhwakolesa ebinwa “kushuba kugalula”? Bulala baliyerekene ku burhanzi ezino lya Mungu lyalirimo, aliko abantu balikulamo. Charhumaga baderha ntyo?
Shadwell na Parker balimenyere kw’amandiko m’omukono m’echigabi chizigana kuyirikwa Ndagano ya Mira, mayandikwaga burhanzi omu Chiebrania mali mw’ezino lya Mungu kali bihumbi. Baja bayinja bachibaza bulagurhe amandiko m’omukono m’Endagano Mpyahya baliherhe marhaliri mw’ezino lya Mungu liyenere. a Echindi, Shadwell arhegera oku amango Endangano Mpyahya yamakolesa ebinwa by’omu Ndagano ya Mira, nka “Malayika wa Yehova,” abaliri bakoporora Amandiko m’Echigiriki m’Endagano Mpyahya, baliri bakula ezino lya Mungu banaligombola n’ebinwa nka Kyʹri·os, bitafusiribwa “Waliha.”—2 Wafalme 1:3, 15; Matendo 12:23.
Ezino lya Mungu omu Chiebraniya
Chiro n’embere Shadwell na Parker batangaze etafusiri zabo z’echingereza, abandi batafusiri bali bagalwire ezino lya Mungu omu tafusiri zabo ze Ndagano Mpyahya, aliko mu fasi zigeke zonyine. b Embere w’omwaka gwa 1863, amango Parker atangaza Ebiblia eyirikwa A Literal Translation of the New Testament, (Tafusiri ya Chinwa oku Chinwa ye Ndagano Mpyahya) nta mutafusiri we Biblia ye Chingereza walibonekene kw’avire agalula ezino lya Mungu omu Ndagano Mpyaha bwenene. Lancelot Shadwell na Frederick Parker baliri bande?
Lancelot Shadwell
Lancelot Shadwell (1808-1861) aliri avocat w’okusambirana, mugala w’omurhwali muguma Lancelot Shadwell, vice premier ministre we Angleterre. Aliri omu Kanisa ke Anglika. Chiro akaba oku aliyemerere Obusharhu butagatifu, aliyerekene oku akengere ezino lya Mungu omu kuliderha mpu “zino ly’obukuuze lya YEHOVA.” Omu tafusiri yage eyirikwa, The Gospels of Matthew, and of Mark, (Eyinjili ya Matayo, n’eya Marko) alikoleseze ezino “Yehova” kali 28 omu mandiko m’omusinji na kali 465 omu mandi mahugulo ajiraga.
Shadwell akaba y’amenyaga ezino lya Mungu omu kulibona omu mandiko marhanzi me Chiebraniya me Ndagano ya Mira. Aderha oku abakulaga ezino lya Mungu baligombola n’echinwa Kyʹri·os omu tafusiri ze Chigiriki, “barhaliri batafusiri banihirwa.”
The Gospel according to Matthew rendered into English with notes (Eyinjili nk’oku Matayo aderhere yahirirwe omu Chingereza n’Amahugulo), yajirwaga na L. Shadwell omu 1859, chabonekanaga omu Bodleian Libraries. Licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 2.0 UK.. Modified: Text highlighted
Etafusiri ya Shadwell eyerekene Matayo 1:20
Ah’oburhanzi, Shadwell akoleseze ezino “Yehova” omu tafusiri yage, ali Matayo 1:20. Amahugulo ahirire k’olula lwandiko maderhere: “Echinwa [Kyʹri·os] chikolesezwe ahala, n’omu mandi mandiko manene m’Endagano Mpyahya chiderhere ezino lya Mungu kanuni YEHOVA: chinali chintu ch’akamaro bwenene okuligalula omu tafusiri y’Echingereza.” Ashuba kuderha: “Rhukwanene kujira ntyo omu kukengesa Mungu. Yenyine aderhere kw’ezino lyage ye YEHOVA: na nta chintu chinja rhwakajira chilushire okulikolesa amango yirhwaderha eju yage.” Aja ashuba kuderha: “Omu tafusiri yerhu ye Biblia eyemererwe changwa King James, ezino Yehova lirhazigana bonekanamo . . . Ahali h’ezino lya Mungu kanuni, rhunabona bahirire ha Waliha.” Shadwell aderha: “Waliha . . . lili zino ly’echeo lirhakwanene chiro” kukoleswa ahali h’ezino lya Mungu. Ashuba yongera oku chiro naye abantu banamuhamagala “Waliha” ah’alamire.
“[Mungu] yenyine adehere kw’ezino lyage ye YEHOVA: na nta chintu chinja rhwakajira chilushire okulikolesa amango yirhwaderha eju yage.”—Lancelot Shadwell
Shadwell atangazaga etafusiri yage ya Matayo omu 1859, achanga haguma Matayo na Marko omu 1 861. Aliko akasi kage kahwera aho. Ava afa omu Siku 11, Mwezi gwa 1, 1861, ey’aherhe myaka 52. Chiro akaba ntyo, obushiru bwage burhafaga busha.
Frederick Parker
Muchuruzi muguma ochirire w’omu ville ye Londres oyirikirwe Frederick Parker (1804-1888), alisimisizwe n’etafusiri ya Shadwell y’echitabu cha Matayo. Parker arhondera kutafusiri Endagano Mpyahya ey’agwerhe myaka 20 ntya. Tofauti na Shadwell, Parker yewe arhaliyemerere enyigirizo z’Obusharhu butagatifu. Ayandika ntya: “Akanisa koshi ka bagala [ba Mungu] bazigirwa . . . kayemere okuli n’omurhima goshi . . . kanaharamye Ogala-byoshi Yehova.” Parker alishubire kubona oku amandiko m’omukono manakolesa Kyʹri·os omu kuderha Waliha Mungu na Waliha Yesu manarhuma byakomera okubona etofauti ahakagarhi kabo bombi. N’eju y’echola asima okubona oku hali aha Shadwell aliri akula oyo Kyʹri·os anagalula ha “Yehova.”
Gurhe Parker ayunvaga bwinja ebi bintu? Aliyigire Echigirirki, anayandika amatragite na bitabu binene bye grammaire ye Chigiriki. Ashuba kuba muguma w’abakulu b’Amasomo Makulu me Biblia me Angleterre (Anglo-Biblical Institute) yalijirire kasi kanene k’okulonza-lonza amandiko me Biblia m’omukono makabarhabala kukula Ebiblia zinja omu Chingereza. Omu 1842, Parker arhondera kutangaza ebigabi-bigabi by’etafusiri yage ye Ndagano Mpyahya. c
Etafusiri ye Ndagano Mpyahya ya Parker (Heinfetter)
Obushiru bwa Parker b’Okugalula Ezino lya Mungu
Hagerere myaka milebe eyi Parker ali ayandika oku bilolere ebibazo nka: “Mangochi echinwa Kyʹri·os chiba chiderheere Waliha Yesu, na mangochi chiba chiderhere Waliha Mungu?” “Bulagurhe echinwa Kyʹri·os chizigana kukoleswa omu grammaire nka zino s’arhali nka cheo?”
Amango Parker abona etafusiri ya Shadwell y’omu 1859 y’echitabu cha Matayo, n’amahugulo alihiriremo oku bilolere echinwa Kyʹri·os, ava ayemera oku kweri hali amango echinwa Kyʹri·os “chikwanene kutafusiribwa Yehova.” N’eju y’echola ava ashubulula etafusiri yage ye Ndagano Mpyahya omu kuheba mw’ezino “Yehova” buli hoshi aliyinji oku e grammaire ye Chigiriki eyerekene ku likwanene kubaho. Bobola, Etafusiri ya Chinwa oku Chinwa ye Ndagano Mpyahya (A Literal Translation of the New Testament) ya Parker y’omu 1863 eli mw’ezino lya Mungu kali 187 omu mandiko m’omusinji. Nk’oku bimenyikene kugera zene, eyila y’etafusiri ntanzi y’Echingereza yarhengere ekoleseze ezino lya Mungu omu Mandiko moshi m’Echigriki me Chikristu. d
Ezino lya Mungu omu tafusiri ya Parker ya 1864
Omu 1864, Parker ashuba tangaza Ebiblia yaliyirikirwe A Collation of an English Version of the New Testament . . . With the Authorized English Version (Ebiblia ye Chingereza ye Ndagano Mpyahya Echangirwe Haguma n’Etafusiri ye Biblia ye Chingereza Eyemererwe). Echarhumaga achanga haguma ezola Biblia ebiri ze Ndagano Mpyahya kwaliri kulonza ayerekane ngahe na nka gurhe etafusiri yage eli tofauti n’ezo zindi. e
Omu kuyerekana akachiro k’okugalula ezino lya Mungu, Parker ayerekana mandiko maguma m’omu Tafusiri ye Biblia ye Chingereza Eyemererwe, nka Waroma 10:13, haderhere: “Bulala owahamagala ezino lya Waliha achunguka.” Parker aderha: “Ka hali omuntu wakawaza chiro k’omu Tafusiri ye Biblia ye Chingereza Eyemererwe, olula lwandiko luderheere Yehova, s’arhali Omugala Waliha Yesu Kristu yi luderhere”?
Waroma 10:13 omu King James Version (enyanya) ne etafusiri ya Parker omu 1864
Parker alikoleseze ebihumbi by’efuranga z’emwabo ziyirikwa livres omu kutangaza etragite, amakaratasi, n’amandi mandiko mage. Kweri mu mwaka muguma gonyine aba ey’amakolesa livres 800, ziherhe akachiro ka livres 100 000 ze Angleterre (132 000$) mu zino siku. Kandi alirhumire kopi zinene za busha oku bantu alimenyene nabo, n’abakulu b’edini bamenyikene bwenene yi bazigeramo.
Amandiko ma Parker n’Etafusiri yage ye Ndagano Mpyahya byaliri bigeke bwenene na basomi baguma balibisuzagwire. Omu kujira ntyo, abola basomi barhabonaga obushiru bwage, obwa Shadwell n’abandi, balijirire omu kugalula ezino lya Mungu kanuni omu Ndagano Mpyahya ye Chingereza.
Nkabaga kandi wakasima okulola evideo ya miniti ekumi eyigirize binene: Kutembelea Jumba la Makumbusho Lenye kuwa Warwick: “Biblia na Jina la Mungu.” (Okulambagirira Obubiko b’Okuyerekana Ebintu bya Mira b’omu Warwick: “Ebiblia n’Ezino lya Mungu”)
a “Yah,” echifupi ch’ezino “Yehova” chibonekene omu Ufunuo 19:1, 3, 4, 6 omu chinwa “Aleluya,” k’okuderha “Mwe bantu, musingize Yah!”
b Shadwell arhalitafusirire Endagano Mpyahya eyenere. Etafusiri atangazaga yaliri mw’ebigabi byakolwaga n’abandi batafusiri nka Philip Doddridge, Edward Harwood, William Newcome, Edgar Taylor, na Gilbert Wakefield.
c Omu kulonza ebyage by’obuchuruzi birhachanganaga n’ebyaliri akola oku bilolere ebye Biblia, Parker alichihere elindi zino mpu ye Herman Heinfetter aliri akolesa omu mandiko mage m’echidini n’etafusiri ze Biblia. Elila zino lyage libonekene kanene omu Apandise ye Biblia Nchesibwa—Tafusiri y’Egulu Lihyahya.
d Omu mwaka gwa 1864, Parker akula English Version of the New Testament (Ebiblia ye Chingereza ye Ndagano Mpyahya) ekoleseze ezino lya Mungu kali 186.
e Omu tafusiri za mira za Parker, tafusiri zinene ze Chiebraniya ze Ndagano Mpyahya zili mw’ezino lya Mungu mu mandiko manene. Kandi omu 1795, Johann Jakob Stolz akula etafusiri ye Chijerumani ekoleseze ezino lya Mungu kurhaluka kali 90 kurhangira ku Matayo kugera ku Yuda.
