bible ke vidvan kabool karte hain ki ibrani shastra ke mool paath mein parmeshvar ka naam (יהוה) kareeb 7,000 baar aaya hai. magar jahaan tak maseehi yoonani shastra ki baat hai, kai vidvanon ko lagta hai ki iske mool paath mein uska naam nahin tha. isi vajah se aajkal ki zyadatar baaibalon ke yoonani shastra mein, jise naya niyam bhi kaha jaata hai, yahova naam nahin diya gaya hai. itna hi nahin, ibrani shastra ke havalon ka anuvad karte vakt jahaan-jahaan parmeshvar ke naam ke chaar ibrani akshar aaye, unki jagah zyadatar anuvadakon ne “prabhu” daal diya.

magar pavitra shastra ka nayi duniya anuvad bible ne yah chalan nahin apnaya. iske bajay, is bible ke anuvadakon ne maseehi yoonani shastra mein yahova ka naam kul milakar 237 baar istemal kiya hai. unhonne aisa kyon kiya? iski do khaas vajah hain: (1) aaj jo hazaron hastalipiyaan maujood hain woh yoonani shastra ka mool paath nahin hain. inmein se zyadatar hastalipiyaan, mool paath ke likhe jaane ke kareeb 200 saal baad taiyar ki gayi thi. (2) us vakt tak hastlipiyon ki nakaal bananevalon ne parmeshvar ke naam ke ibrani aksharon ki jagah yoonani shabd kiriyos yaani “prabhu” daal diya ya fir un hastlipiyon se nakalein banayin jinmein pehale hi “prabhu” daal diya gaya tha.

‘nayi duniya bible anuvad samiti’ is nateeje par pahunchi hai ki is baat ke thos saboot hain ki yoonani shastra ke mool paath mein parmeshvar ke naam ke chaar ibrani akshar paaye jaate hain. aur unhonne in sabooton ke aadhar par apne anuvad mein parmeshvar ka naam istemal kiya hai:

• yeeshu aur uske preshiton ke dinon mein ibrani shastra ki nakalon mein un saari jagahon mein parmeshvar ka naam tha jahaan use hona chahiye. beete samay mein zyadatar log is baat se sahmat the. kumran ki gufaon se ibrani shastra ki aisi hastalipiyaan milin jo eesvi san pehali sadi ki hain aur ye hastalipiyaan is baat ka zabardast saboot hain ki us zamane ki ibrani shastra ki hastlipiyon mein parmeshvar ka naam tha.

• yeeshu aur uske preshiton ke dinon mein ibrani shastra ke yoonani anuvadon mein parmeshvar ke naam ke chaar ibrani akshar the. kai sadiyon tak vidvan yah maante rahe ki ibrani shastra ke yoonani anuvad yaani septuagint ki hastlipiyon mein ye chaar ibrani akshar nahin the. fir san 1950 ke aas-paas ke saalon mein, yoonani septuagint ki hastlipiyon ke bahot purane tukde mile jo yeeshu ke zamane ke the aur vidvanon ka dhyan un par khincha gaya. in tukdon mein parmeshvar ke naam ke chaar ibrani akshar aate hain. iska matlab ki yeeshu ke dinon ki yoonani hastlipiyon mein parmeshvar ka naam tha. lekin chauthi sadi ke aate-aate septuagint ki mukhya hastlipiyon se yah naam nikaal diya gaya. jaise codex vaticanus aur codex sinaiticus mein utpatti se lekar malaki ki kitab mein yah naam nahin aata (jabki isse pehale ki hastlipiyon mein aata hai). isliye ismein koi hairani ki baat nahin ki aaj yoonani shastra ya naye niyam ki chauthi sadi ki jitni bhi hastalipiyaan mehfooz hain, unmein parmeshvar ka naam nahin paaya jaata.

  yeeshu ne saaf-saaf kaha, “main apne pita ke naam se aaya hoon.” usne yah bhi kaha ki usne jo-jo kaam kiye woh “apne pita ke naam se” kiye the

• maseehi yoonani shastra batata hai ki yeeshu ne aksar parmeshvar ka naam istemal kiya aur doosron ko woh naam bataya. (yuhanna 17:6, 11, 12, 26) yeeshu ne saaf-saaf kaha, “main apne pita ke naam se aaya hoon.” usne yah bhi kaha ki usne jo-jo kaam kiye woh “apne pita ke naam se” kiye the.—yuhanna 5:43; 10:25.

• maseehi yoonani shastra bhi parmeshvar ki prerna se likha gaya hai aur bible mein ibrani shastra ke baad ka hissa hai. isliye yah baat kuch sahi nahin lagti ki jab ibrani shastra mein parmeshvar ka naam tha to yoonani shastra se yah naam achanak kaise gaayab ho gaya. kareeb eesvi san 50 mein yakub ne yarooshalem mein pracheenon se kaha, “shimaun ne poora byaura dekar bataya ki parmeshvar ne kaise pehali baar gair-yahoodi raashtron ki taraf dhyan diya taaki unke beech se aise logon ko ikattha kare jo parmeshvar ke naam se pehchane jaayen.” (preshiton 15:14) agar pehali sadi mein koi parmeshvar ka naam nahin jaanta tha na hi uska istemal karta tha, to yakub ki baat ka koi tuk nahin banta.

• parmeshvar ke naam ka chhota roop maseehi yoonani shastra mein istemal hua hai. prakashitvakya 19:1, 3, 4, 6 mein shabd “yaah ka gungan karo” ibrani shabd “hallilooyah” se aata hai. “yaah” yahova naam ka chhota roop hai. maseehi yoonani shastra mein aise kai naam hain jo parmeshvar ke naam se jude hain. yahaan tak ki yeeshu ke naam ke baare mein bhi bahot-si kitabein kehti hain ki uske naam ka matlab hai, “yahova uddhaar hai.”

• shuroo ki yahoodi kitabon se pata chalta hai ki yahoodi maseehiyon ne apni kitabon mein parmeshvar ka naam istemal kiya tha. tosefta naam ki ek kitab hai jismein maukhik niyam diye gaye hain aur uska likhna kareeb eesvi san 300 mein poora hua tha. yah kitab sabt ke din maseehi kitabon ko jalane ke baare mein yah batati hai: “woh pracharakon ki kitabon aur minim ki [shaayad ye yahoodi maseehi the] kitabon ko jala dete hain. unhein chhoot hai ki agar unke haath ye kitabein lag jaayen to unke saath-saath unmein diye parmeshvar ke naam ke havalon ko bhi jala dein.” usi kitab mein rabbi yose ne (jo eesvi san doosri sadi mein galeel ka rehnevala tha) bataya ki hafte ke baaki din kitabon ko jalate vakt kya kiya jaata tha. usne kaha, “un kitabon mein [maana jaata hai ki ye maseehi kitabein thi] jahaan-jahaan parmeshvar ka naam aata hai, woh hissa kaatkar rakh liya jaata hai aur baaki hisse jala diye jaate hain.”

• bible ke kuch vidvan sweekar karte hain ki parmeshvar ka naam maseehi yoonani shastra mein shaayad un jagahon mein tha jahaan ibrani shastra ka havala diya hai. the anchor bible dictionary mein sheershak “naye niyam mein parmeshvar ka naam” ke tahat yah likha hai: “kuch saboot dikhate hain ki jab pehali baar naya niyam likha gaya tab parmeshvar ke naam yaahve ke chaar ibrani akshar kuch jagahon ya un sabhi jagahon par daale gaye jahaan-jahaan purane niyam ke havale aate hain.” vidvan george howard kehte hain, “shuroo ke isai, yoonani bible [septuagint] ki jin nakalon ka istemal karte the, unmein parmeshvar ke naam ke chaar ibrani akshar aate the. to zahir-si baat hai ki naye niyam ke lekhkon ne jab septuagint se aayton ke havale liye to unhonne hoo-ba-hoo un chaar ibrani aksharon ko likha hoga.”

• bible ke jaane-maane anuvadakon ne maseehi yoonani shastra ke apne anuvad mein parmeshvar ka naam likha hai. inmein se kuch anuvadakon ne nayi duniya anuvad ke taiyar hone se bahot pehale aisa kiya tha. aise kuch anuvadakon aur unke anuvadon ke naam ye hain: herman heinfetter ki a literal translation of d new testament . . . from d text of the vatican manuscript (1863); benjamin wilson ki the emphatic diaglot (1864); george barker stevens ki the epitles of paul in modern english (1898); w. g. rutherford ki st. paul’s epistle to the romans (1900); london ke bishap j.w.c. wand ki the new testament letters (1946). iske alava, 20vin sadi ki shurooat mein spanish anuvadak pablo besson ne apne anuvad mein luka 2:15 aur yahooda 14 mein “heoba” likha aur kareeb 100 jagahon par footnotee mein kaha ki yahaan parmeshvar ka naam likhna bhi sahi hoga. in anuvadon ke taiyar hone se bahot pehale yaani 16vin sadi se ibrani bhasha mein maseehi yoonani shastra ke jo alag-alag anuvad nikaale gaye, unmein dheron aayton mein parmeshvar ke naam ke chaar ibrani akshar diye gaye hain. aur german bhasha mein maseehi yoonani shastra ke jo anuvad nikaale gaye unmein kam-se-kam 11 anuvadon mein “jehova” (ya shabd-ba-shabd ibrani uchcharan “yaahve”) istemal kiya gaya aur chaar anuvadakon ne “prabhu” ke baad koshthakon mein parmeshvar ka naam likha. aur 70 se zyada german anuvadon mein parmeshvar ka naam ya to footnotee mein ya fir teeka-tippaniyon mein aata hai.

• sau se bhi zyada bhaashaon mein kiye gaye bible ke anuvadon mein parmeshvar ka naam maseehi yoonani shastra mein aata hai. kai afreeki bhaashaon, amreeka ke aadivasiyon ki bhaashaon, asia, yoorop aur prashaant mahasagar ke dveepon ki bhaashaon ki baaibalon mein parmeshvar ka naam khulkar istemal kiya gaya hai. (page 2158 aur 2159 par di soochi dekhiye.) in bhaashaon ke bible anuvadakon ne oopar batayi baaton ko dhyan mein rakhte huye apne anuvad mein parmeshvar ka naam istemal kiya. maseehi yoonani shastra ke in anuvadon mein se kuch anuvad haal ke saalon mein nikaale gaye, jaise rotoomain bible (1999), jismein 48 aayton mein 51 baar “jeehova” istemal kiya gaya. indonasia ke batak (toba) anuvad (1989) mein 110 baar “jaahova” istemal kiya gaya.

ismein koi do raay nahin ki parmeshvar ka naam yahova, maseehi yoonani shastra mein un sabhi jagahon par dobara likha jaana chahiye jahaan yah aata tha kyonki aisa karne ka thos aadhar hai. nayi duniya anuvad ke anuvadakon ne bilkul yahi kiya hai. unhein parmeshvar ke naam ke liye gehra aadar hai aur uska dar maante huye woh bible se aisa kuch bhi nahin nikaalna chahte jo mool paath mein tha.—prakashitvakya 22:18, 19.