TIMERNA
Acu i d lmeɛna n imeslayen “taṛwiḥt” akk-d “ṛṛuḥ”?
M’ARA tesleḍ i imeslayen “taṛwiḥt” akk-d “ṛṛuḥ”, ɣer wacu i teţxemmimeḍ? Aṭas i gɣilen belli ɛnan lḥaǧa ur d-neţban ara yerna ur neţmeţţat ara i geţţilin zdaxel-nneɣ. Ţţamnen belli m’ara yemmet walbeɛḍ, lḥaǧa-yagi tţeffeɣ si lǧeţţa-s yerna teţkemmil teţɛici. Seg wakken yeqwa wayen akka is i ţţamnen, xilla n yemdanen i geţţewhamen m’ara d-afen belli ayagi ur icudd ara maḍi ɣer wayen yesselmad Wedlis Iqedsen. Ihi, ɛlaḥsab n Wawal n Ṛebbi, d acu i ţ-ţaṛwiḥt, d acu i d ṛṛuḥ?
“TAṚWIḤT” ƐLAḤSAB N WEDLIS IQEDSEN
Di tazwara, a d-nehdeṛ ɣef teṛwiḥt. Tecfiḍ ahat belli, di laṣel, amur ameqran n Wedlis Iqedsen yeţwakteb s tɛibṛanit akk-d tyunanit. Wid i t-yuran ssexdmen ameslay n tɛibṛanit nafec akk-d umeslay n tyunanit bsiki bac a d-hedṛen ɣef teṛwiḥt. Sin imeslayen-a llan akteṛ n 800 tikkal di Tira Iqedsen. Di Ṭrejma n ddunit tajdiṭ (s tṛumit) ţwaṭerjmen-d “taṛwiḥt”, ama deg wafir ama di tirawt. M’ara nnadi a nẓer amek i gessexdam Wedlis Iqedsen ameslay-agi “taṛwiḥt” (neɣ
“tiṛwiḥin”), a naf belli yeɛna 1) lɛibad, 2) lḥiwan, 3) tudert n lɛebd neɣ tudert n lḥiwan. A nwali tura kra n yefyar akken a d-nefk lemtul ɣef wayagi.Lɛibad. “Di zzman n Nuḥ, [...] ţwasellken-[d] seg waman cwiṭ kan n yemdanen, yeɛni tmanya n teṛwiḥin.” (1 Buṭrus 3:20) Ɣef wakken i d-iban, ameslay “tiṛwiḥin” yeɛna dagi lɛibad: Nuḥ, tameṭṭut-is, tlata warraw-is akk-d tlawin-nsen. Tuffɣa 16:16 ibder-ed lumuṛ i d-iţţunefken i wat Isṛayil ɣef wayen yeɛnan tamana. Yura: “Jemɛet-ed seg-s, [...] akken yella leḥsab n teṛwiḥin deg uqiḍun n mkul yiwen deg-wen.” (Ṭrejma n ddunit tajdiṭ, s tṛumit) Ihi, mkul tawacult a d-tejmeɛ si tmana lqider n leḥsab n iɛeggalen i tesɛa. Llan lemtul nniḍen deg Wedlis Iqedsen ideg ameslay “taṛwiḥt” (neɣ “tiṛwiḥin”) yeɛna yiwen neɣ kra n lɛibad: di Laṣel n ddunit 2:7; Lecɣal 27:37 (MN); Iṛumaniyen 13:1 (MN) akk-d 2 Buṭrus 2:14.
Lḥiwan. Ɣef wayen yeɛnan taxelqit, Adlis Iqedsen yeḥka-d: “Illu yenna: ‘Ad leɣɣun waman s lexliqat yeddren [tiṛwiḥin yeddren, MN]; a d-ilin leḍyur ara yafgen nnig n lqaɛa, di liţţeɛ n igenni.’” Ṛebbi yenna-d daɣen: “Lqaɛa a d-tefk lexliqat yeddren [tiṛwiḥin yeddren, MN] akken yella ṣṣenf-nsen, lmal, ibelḥekkac akw-d lḥiwan iţeddun ɣef lqaɛa, mkul yiwen s ṣṣenf-is.” (Laṣel n ddunit 1:20, 24) Deg yefyar-agi, ameslay “tiṛwiḥin” yeɛna lḥut, lḥiwan n wexxam akk-d lḥiwan n lɣaba. Ula d leḍyur akk-d lḥiwan nniḍen ţţusemman “taṛwiḥt” (neɣ “tiṛwiḥin”) di Laṣel n ddunit 9:10 (MN); At Lewwi 24:18; Aneẓruf 31:28 (MN).
Tudert n lɛebd. Tikwal, ameslay “taṛwiḥt” yeɛna tudert n lɛebd. Yahwa yenna i Musa: “Imdanen meṛṛa yeţnadin ɣef teṛwiḥt-ik, mmuten.” (Tuffɣa 4:19, Ṭrejma n ddunit tajdiṭ, s tṛumit) Acu i ţnadin yeɛdawen n Musa? Ţnadin a s-kksen tudert-is. Xilla n lweqt uqbel taqsiṭ-agi, asmi i d-turew Ṛaḥil mmi-s Binyamin, “teffeɣ-iţ teṛwiḥt (axaṭer temmut).” (Laṣel n ddunit 35:16-19, Ṭrejma n ddunit tajdiṭ, s taɛṛabt) Di teswiɛt-nni, tṛuḥ-as tudert i Ṛaḥil. Wali daɣen imeslayen-agi n Ɛisa: “Nekk, d ameksa lɛali. Ameksa lɛali yeţţak tudert-is [taṛwiḥt-is, MN] ɣef wulli.” (Yuḥenna 10:11) Ɛisa yefka taṛwiḥt-is, yeɛni tudert-is, ɣef yemdanen. Yeţban-ed deg yefyar-agi n Wedlis Iqedsen belli ameslay “taṛwiḥt” yeɛna tudert n lɛebd. Aţ-ţafeḍ lemtul nniḍen n lmeɛna-yagi i gesɛa umeslay “taṛwiḥt” deg Inezzurfa 9:17; Matta 16:26 akk-d Yeɛqub 1:21.
Ma teţkemmileḍ taɣuri n Wawal n Ṛebbi, aţ-ţafeḍ belli ulac anda i d-yenna taṛwiḥt ur teţmeţţat ara, neɣ teţɛici i lebda. Tira Iqedsen qqarent-ed belli taṛwiḥt teţmeţţat.—Ḥizqiyal 18:4, 20.
ACU I D “ṚṚUḤ”?
A nẓer tura amek i gessexdam Wedlis Iqedsen ameslay “ṛṛuḥ”. Kra ɣilen belli awal-agi “ṛṛuḥ” d isem kan nniḍen n “teṛwiḥt”. Meɛna, mačči d ṣṣeḥ. Adlis Iqedsen ibeggen-ed ɛinani belli imeslayen “ṛṛuḥ” akk-d “teṛwiḥt” ɛnan snat n leḥwayeǧ yemxallafen. Deg wacu i mxallafen imeslayen-agi?
Akken a d-hedṛen ɣef “ṛṛuḥ”, imyura n Wedlis Iqedsen ssexdmen ameslay n tɛibṛanit ṛuwaḥ akk-d umeslay n tyunanit bnefma. Tira Iqedsen ţţakent-ed s yiman-nsent lmeɛna n imeslayen-agi. Di lemtel, Ahellil 104:29 yeqqar-ed ɣef Yahwa: “Mi teddmeḍ ṛṛuḥ-nsen [ṛuwaḥ], ad mmten, ad uɣalen s akal ansi i d-kkan.” Yeɛqub 2:26 yeqqar-ed belli “lǧeţţa mebla ṛṛuḥ [bnefma] temmut.” Deg yefyar-agi, awal “ṛṛuḥ” d ayen i gessidiren lǧeţţa. Lǧeţţa m’ur tesɛi ara ṛṛuḥ temmut. Daymi, deg Wedlis Iqedsen, ameslay ṛuwaḥ ur yeţwaṭerjem ara kan “ṛṛuḥ”, lameɛna, yeţwaṭerjem daɣen “lqewwa”, yeɛni lqewwa yessidiren. Ɣef lemtel, di zzman n Nuḥ, Ṛebbi yenna-d: “A d-sseɣliɣ aḥemmal n waman ɣef lqaɛa, iwakken ad ssengreɣ [...] lexliqat meṛṛa ideg i tella lqewwa [ṛuwaḥ] n tudert.” (Laṣel n ddunit 6:17, Ṭrejma n ddunit tajdiṭ, s tṛumit) Ihi, “ṛṛuḥ” d lqewwa kan ur nezmir a nẓer i gesseddayen lexliqat akk yeddren.
Taṛwiḥt akk-d ṛṛuḥ mxallafen. Lǧeţţa teḥwaǧ ṛṛuḥ am wakken i teḥwaǧ ṛṛadyu trisiti bac aţ-ţelḥu. A nkemmel s lemtel-agi: xemmem ɣer ṛṛadyu tamecṭuḥt. Ma txedmeḍ-as iẓra (iblaḍen) n trisiti yerna tceɛleḍ-ţ, trisiti yellan deg
yeẓra-yagi a ţ-tesselḥu, amzun tefka-yas tudert. Mebla iẓra n trisiti, ṛṛadyu-yagi temmut. Akken tebɣu tili ṛṛadyu, ma yella nekkes-as trisiti aţ-ţemmet. Kifkif daɣen, ṛṛuḥ d lqewwa i gessidiren lǧeţţa-nneɣ. Ṛṛuḥ ur iţḥussu ur yeţxemmim, am trisiti. D lqewwa kan i gella. Meɛna, akken i t-id-issefhem bab n Uhellil, mebla ṛṛuḥ, lǧeţţat-nneɣ ‘ad mmtent, ad uɣalent s akal ansi i d-kkant.’Deg wayen yeɛnan lmut n wemdan, atan d acu i nezmer a nɣer deg Umusnaw 12:7: “Akal [n lǧeţţa-s] ad yuɣal s akal ansi i d-ikka, ṛṛuḥ ad yuɣal ɣer Yillu i t-id-ifkan.” Lǧeţţa, m’ara ţ-yeffeɣ ṛṛuḥ, yeɛni lqewwa yessidiren, aţ-ţemmet w’aţ-ţuɣal ɣer wansi i d-tekka: ɣer wakal. Akken daɣen, lqewwa yessidiren teţţuɣal ɣer wansi i d-tusa, yeɛni ɣer Ṛebbi. (Yub 34:14, 15; Ahellil 36:10) Lameɛna, ur ilaq ara a d-nefhem seg waya belli lqewwa-yagi yessidiren teţṛuḥu s ṣṣeḥ s igenni. A d-nefhem kan belli, asirem n tudert ɣer zdat i win yemmuten, yella ɣer Yahwa Ṛebbi. Amzun akken tudert-is aţţan ger ifassen n Ṛebbi. Ḥaca s tezmert n Ṛebbi ara s d-yeqqel ṛṛuḥ, yeɛni lqewwa yessidiren, bac a d-yuɣal ɣer tudert.
D ayen yesseǧhaden imi neɛlem belli akka swaswa ara yexdem Ṛebbi i wid meṛṛa yellan deg “iẓekwan”! (Yuḥenna 5:28, 29) Asm’ara d-yeḥyu Yahwa wid yeṭṭṣen di lmut, a sen-d-yexleq lǧeţţat tijdidin. Bac ad yefk tudert i lǧeţţat-agi, ad yerr deg-sent ṛṛuḥ, yeɛni lqewwa yessidiren. Acḥal ara yili lfeṛḥ di lweqt-nni!
Ma tebɣiḍ aţ-ţissineḍ akteṛ ɣef wamek i gessexdam Wedlis Iqedsen imeslayen “taṛwiḥt” akk-d “ṛṛuḥ”, ẓer d acu i d-tessefham treẓẓit yeţţusemman Que devient-on quand on meurt ? Muqel daɣen isebtar 27-32 akk-d 135-140 n tektabt Comment raisonner à partir des Écritures. D Inagan n Yahwa i tent-id-issufɣen i snat.