Omolwashike ku na Eembiibeli dihapu?
Omolwashike ku na omatoloko Eembiibeli mahapumahapu kunena? Mbela oho tale ko Eembiibeli dipe di li ekwafo ile otadi ku imbi u ude ko Ombiibeli? Okulihonga kombinga youdilo wado otashi ke ku kwafela u di konakone nawa.
Ndele mbela olyelye omushangi wOmbiibeli, noya shangwa naini?
OMBIIBELI YOPEHOVELO
Luhapu Ombiibeli ohai kala ya tukulwa moitukulwa ivali. Oshitukulwa shotete osha fikama po momambo 39 e na “omishangwa diyapuki daKalunga.” (Ovaroma 3:2, NW) Kalunga okwa nwefa mo ovalumenhu vonhumba ovadiinini va shange omambo oo oule wefimbo, omido 1 100 lwaapo okudja mo 1513 K.O.P fiyo okonima yo 443 K.O.P. Ova li va shanga unene mOshiheberi, noshitukulwa osho ohashi ifanwa Omishangwa dOshiheberi, nosha shiivika yo shi li Etestamenti Likulu.
Oshitukulwa oshitivali osha fikama po momambo 27 oo e li yo “ondjovo yaKalunga.” (1 Ovatessaloniki 2:13) Kalunga okwa nwefa mo ovahongwa vaJesus Kristus ovadiinini va shange omambo oo moule wefimbo lixupi, omido 60 lwaapo okudja mo 41 O.P. lwaapo fiyo omo 98 O.P. Omishangwa dihapu oda li da shangwa mOshigreka, noshitukulwa osho ohashi ifanwa Omishangwa dopaKriste dOshigreka, nosha shiivika yo shi li Etestamenti Lipe.
Ombiibeli oya fikama po momambo e li 66, i li etumwalaka la dja kuKalunga olo a pa ovanhu. Ndele mbela omolwashike pa li pa tolokwa omatoloko amwe Eembiibeli? Apa otapa shikula omatomheno atatu a fimana.
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Opo ovanhu va dule okulesha Ombiibeli momalaka avo oshidalelwamo.
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Opo va kufe mo omapuko oo a ningwa kovashangululi, naasho ohashi kaleke etumwalaka lOmbiibeli li li ngaashi la li pehovelo.
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Opo va pepaleke elaka.
Natu ka taleni nghee oitwa oyo ya li ya longifwa momatoloko avali opehovelo.
OMBIIBELI YOSHIGREKA YEDINA SEPTUAGINT
Omido 300 lwaapo fimbo Jesus ine uya kombada yedu, ovahongwanhu Ovajuda ova li va hovela okutoloka Omishangwa dOshiheberi mOshigreka. Etoloko olo ohali ifanwa o-Septuagint yOshigreka. Omolwashike la li la tolokelwa? Opo ku kwafelwe Ovajuda vahapu ovo va li ashike hava popi Oshigreka ponhele yOshiheberi va shiive “omishangwa diyapuki.” — 2 Timoteus 3:15.
O-Septuagint oya kwafela yo ovanhu omamiliyona ovo vehe fi Ovajuda, ndele ohava popi Oshigreka va shiive osho Ombiibeli tai hongo. Ngahelipi mbela? Omuprofesa W. F. Howard okwa ti: “Okudja mokati kefelemudo lotete, oya li ya ninga Ombiibeli yOngeleka yopaKriste, oyo ovatumwa vayo va li hava ende moinagoga ‘tava ulike okudja momishangwa kutya Messias oye Jesus.’” (Oilonga 17:3, 4; 20:20) Omuhongwanhu umwe wOmbiibeli F. F. Bruce okwa ti kutya osho osho shimwe sha ningifa Ovajuda vahapu va kale “vehe na ohokwe mo-Septuagint.”
Eshi ovahongwa vaJesus va enda tava mono omambo Omishangwa dopaKriste dOshigreka, ove di tula kumwe netoloko lo-Septuagint lOmishangwa dOshiheberi, ndele tadi ningi Ombiibeli ya wana po oyo tu na kunena.
OMBIIBELI HAI IFANWA VULGATE YOSHILATINA
Omido 300 lwaapo konima eshi Ombiibeli ye lixwapo, omuhongwanhu moinima yopalongelokalunga wedina Jerome okwa li a toloka Ombiibeli yOshilatina, oyo hai ifanwa Latin Vulgate. Mbela omolwashike pa li pa pumbiwa etoloko lipe lOshilatina ngeenge opa hangwa nale pe na omatoloko mahapu? O-The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia oya ti kutya Jerome okwa li a hala okuwapaleka oinima oyo “ya tolokwa papuko, omapuko e li poluhaela nosho yo oinima oyo ya wedwa mo noya kufwa mo.”
Jerome okwa li a wapeka omapuko mahapu. Ndele mokweendela ko kwefimbo, ovakwatelikomesho vongeleka ova li va ninga epuko la kula. Ova li va popya kutya o-Latin Vulgate oyo ashike Ombiibeli ya pitikwa okulongifwa nova twikila oku shi ninga oule womafelemido. Ponhele yokukwafela ovanhu vongaho va ude ko Ombiibeli, o-Vulgate kaya li i uditiwe ko molwaashi ovanhu vahapu kava li ve shii Oshilatina nandenande.
OMATOLOKO MAPE A HAPUPALA
Mokweendela ko kwefimbo, ovanhu ova li va twikila okutoloka Eembiibeli dimwe vali, ngaashi oyo ya fimana hai ifanwa Syriac Peshitta yomefelemudo etitano O.P. lwaapo. Ashike okudja mefelemudo 14, opa li pa ningwa eenghendabala opo ovanhu vongaho vahapu va mone Omishangwa melaka lavo loshidalelwamo.
Pexulilo lefelemudo 14, John Wycliffe wokuEngland okwa li a hovela oilonga oyo ya li ya mangulula ovanhu moupika welaka lihe uditike eshi a li a toloka Ombiibeli mOshiingilisha, elaka olo la li li uditike kovanhu vomoshilongo shavo. Diva konima yaasho, onghedi yokupilinda yaJohannes Gutenberg oya li ya yeululila ovahongwanhu vOmbiibeli omhito va nyanyangide nova tandavelife omatoloko mape Eembiibeli momalaka mahapu muEuropa.
Eshi omatoloko Ombiibeli mOshiingilisha a hapupala, ovakembauli ova li tava ti kutya inapa pumbiwa omatokolo a yoolokafana melaka limwe alike. Omuwiliki wongeleka John Lewis Omwiingilisha womefelemudo 18, okwa ti: “Elaka ohali kulupa nokukala lihe uditike, onghee hano osha pumbiwa okupepaleka omatoloko makulu opo a kale e na elaka olo hali longifwa, noku kale e uditiwe ko kepupi olo li li ko pefimbo olo.”
Kunena, ovahongwanhu vOmbiibeli ove na omhito ya yeuluka yokupepaleka omatoloko oo makulu. Ove udite ko nawa omalaka Ombiibeli onale, nove na omashangelo Ombiibeli mawa onale oo opo a monika efimbo opo la di ko. Osho otashi dulu oku va kwafela va shiive kutya oshike sha li momashangelo Ombiibeli opehovelo.
Onghee hano, oshiwa okukala pe na omatoloko Ombiibeli mape. Ashike, otwa pumbwa okukala twa lungama ngeenge tashi uya pomatoloko amwe omuo. * Ndele ngeenge ovo va pepaleka Ombiibeli yonhumba ove shi ninga omolwohole yashili yokuhola Kalunga, oilonga yavo otai dulu oku tu etela ouwa muhapu.
^ okat. 24 Tala oshitukulwa “Ongahelipi to dulu okuhoolola etoloko lOmbiibeli olo liwa?” (“How Can You Choose a Good Bible Translation?”) mOshungonangelo yOshiingilisha ye 1 Mei 2008.