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a.‏ .Life Itself - Its Origin and Nature, by Francis Crick, 1981, pp. 15-16, 141-153

2.‏ .Scientific American, ”A Simpler Origin for Life,” by Robert Shapiro, June, 2007, p. 48

a.‏ .The New York Times, ”A Leading Mystery of Life’s Origins Is Seemingly Solved,” by Nicholas Wade, May 14, 2009, p. A23

3.‏ .Scientific American, June, 2007, p. 48

4.‏ .Scientific American, June, 2007, pp. 47, 49-50

5.‏ .Information Theory, Evolution, and the Origin of Life, by Hubert P. Yockey, 2005, p. 182

6.‏ .NASA’s Astrobiology Magazine, ”Life’s Working Definition - Does It Work?”(http://www.nasa.gov/vision/universe/starsgalaxies/life’s_working_definition.html),accessed 3/17/2009

7.‏ .Princeton Weekly Bulletin, ”Nuts, Bolts of Who We Are,” by Steven Schultz, May 1, 2000, (http://www.princeton.edu/pr/pwb/00/0501/p/brain.shtml) ,accessed 3/27/2009

a.‏ .The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2002,”Press Release, October 7, 2002, (http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/2002/press.html), accessed 3/27/2009

8.‏ .The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2002, October 7, 2002

9.‏ .Encyclopædia Britannica, CD 2003, ”Cell, ”The Mitochondrion and the Chloroplast,” subhead, ”The Endosymbiont Hypothesis”

10.‏ .How Life Began - Evolution’s Three Geneses, p. 32

11.‏ .Molecular Biology of the Cell, Second Edition, by Bruce Alberts et al, 1989, p. 405

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13.‏ .Between Necessity and Probability: Searching for the Definition and Origin of Life, by Radu Popa, 2004, p. 129

14.‏ .Between Necessity and Probability: Searching for the Definition and Origin of Life, pp. 126-127

 جاسۋشا قانشالىقتى تە‌ز كوبە‌يە الادى؟‏ (‏قورشاۋ)‏

15.‏ .Origin of Mitochondria and Hydrogenosomes, by William F Martin and Miklós Müller, 2007, p. 21

16.‏ .Brain Matters - Translating Research Into Classroom Practice, by Pat Wolfe, 2001, p. 16

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19.‏ .Bioinformatics Methods in Clinical Research, edited by Rune Matthiesen, 2010, p. 49

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21.‏ .Nano Letters,”Enumeration of DNA Molecules Bound to a Nanomechanical Oscillator” by B. Ilic, Y. Yang, K. Aubin, R. Reichenbach, S. Krylov and H. G. Craighead, Vol. 5, No. 5, 2005, pp. 925, 929

22.‏ .Genome - The Autobiography of a Species in 23 Chapters, by Matt Ridley, 1999, pp. 7-8

23.‏ .Essential Cell Biology, Second Edition, by Bruce Alberts, Dennis Bray, Karen Hopkin, Alexander Johnson, Julian Lewis, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, and Peter Walter, 2004, p. 201

24.‏ .Molecular Biology of the Cell, Fourth Edition, by Bruce Alberts et al, 2002, p. 258

25.‏ .No Ordinary Genius - The Illustrated Richard Feynman, edited by Christopher Sykes, 1994, photo with no page number supplied; note caption

a.‏ .New Scientist, ”Second Genesis - Life, but Not As We Know It,” by Bob Holmes, March 11, 2009 (http://www.newscientist.com/article/ mg20126990.100) accessed 3/11/2009

26.‏ .The Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence -A Philosophical Inquiry, by David Lamb, 2001, p. 83

27.‏ .Associated Press Newswires, ”Famous Atheist Now Believes in God” by Richard N. Ostling, December 9, 2004

وقىلاتىن جانە ە‌كى ە‌سە‌لە‌نە‌تىن مولە‌كۋلا (‏قورشاۋ)‏

28.‏ .Intelligent Life in the Universe, Second Edition, by Peter Ulmschneider, 2006, p. 125

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31.‏ .New Scientist, January 24, 2009, pp. 37, 39

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35.‏ .Biology and Philosophy, p. 340

36.‏ .National Geographic, ”Fossil Evidence,” November, 2004, p. 25

37.‏ .The Evolutionists - The Struggle for Darwin’s Soul, by Richard Morris, 2001, pp. 104-105

ادام ە‌ۆوليۋسياسى جايىندا نە دە‌ۋگە بولادى؟‏ (‏قورشاۋ)‏

38.‏ .The Human Lineage, by Matt Cartmill and Fred H. Smith, 2009, Preface, 2009, p.xi

39.‏ .Fossils, Teeth and Sex - New Perspectives on Human Evolution, by Charles E. Oxnard, 1987, Preface, pp.xi, xii

a.‏ .From Lucy to Language, by Donald Johanson and Blake Edgar, 1996, p. 22

b.‏ .Anthropologie, XLII/1, ”Palaeodemography and Dental Microwear of Homo Habilis From East Africa,” by Laura M. Martínez, Jordi Galbany, and Alejandro Pérez-Pérez, 2004, p. 53

c.‏ .In Search of Deep Time - Beyond the Fossil Record to a New History of Life, p. 22

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43.‏ .New Scientist, ”A Fine Fossil - But a Missing Link She’s Not,” by Chris Bead, May 30, 2009, p. 18

44.‏ .The Guardian, London, ”Fossil Ida: Extraordinary Find Is ’Missing Link’in Human Evolution,” by James Randerson, May 19, 2009, (http://www.guardian.co.uk/science/2009/may/19/ida-fossil-missing-link), accessed 8/25/2009

45.‏ .New Scientist, May 30, 2009, p. 18-19

46.‏ .Critique of Anthropology, Volume 29(2), p. 202

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48.‏ .The Human Fossil Record - Volume Three, by Ralph L. Holloway, Douglas C. Broadfield, and Michael S. Yuan, 2004, Preface xvi

49.‏ Scientific American Mind, ”Intelligence Evolved,” by Ursula Dicke and Gerhard Roth, August/September, 2008, p. 72.

50.‏ .American Journal of Physical Anthropology, ”How Neandertals Inform Human Variation,” by Milford H. Wolpoff, 2009, p. 91

51.‏ .Conceptual Issues in Human Modern Origins Research, Editors G. A. Clark and C. M. Willermet, 1997, p. 5, 60

a.‏ .Wonderful Life - The Burgess Shale and the Nature of History, by Stephen Jay Gould, 1989, p. 28