Ngoku e Biblia Yathuhikako

Ahathe erithika-thika, e Biblia erisabuka n’erithuhikako omwa buthuku bwethu buno ahathe eritsandibwa ni kithiko-thiko. Yahwa erihandikwa emyaka eyilhabire omu 1,900 kera. Muyahandikwa okwa bindu ebikatsanda lhuba​—esyombapura esikolirwe omwa masesa n’esyongobi sy’ebisoro—​kandi muyahandikwa omwa mibughe eyikabughawa n’abandu bake munabwire. N’abanya buthoki, eritsuka okwa bathabali erihika okwa basondoli b’edini, mubalengaho erighunzaho e Biblia.

EKITABU eky’obughuli eki mukyasabuka kithi n’eribya kitabu ekyuwene ekya bandu basi kutsibu? Thalengekania okwa nzumwa ibiri hino.

Esyokopi Nyingyi Muthina-muthina Syabirileka e Biblia Iyithabulirana

Abaisraeli abatheya b’amasako we Biblia, ibanayitheghirye, mubatheya emikunzo ya kera n’erilhusyamu esindi kopi nyingyi. Ng’eky’erileberyako, abami be Israeli mubabwirwa indi bahandike “emighambo eyi omo kitabu embere sy’abahereri Abalawi.”​—Eryibuka Ebihano 17:18.

Abaisraeli bangyi babya banzire erisoma Amasako kandi ibakalhangiragho ng’Ekinywe kya Nyamuhanga. Kwesi, ibakakopa amasako ibanayitheghirye kutsibu kandi abahandiki abathendekirwe ndeke ibabakahandikagho. Omuhandiki mughuma oyukubaha Nyamuhanga oyukahulhawamo Ezera asibwe ng’oyuwabya “muhandiki omunyima omo mighambo ya Musa, eyo Mwami Mukulhu wa Israeli ahabo.” (Ezera 7:6) Abamasoreti abahandika Amasako w’Ekihebrania, kutse “Endaghano ya Kera,” ahakathi-kathi k’ekighana ky’omukagha n’eky’erikumi E.K., mubabara n’esyonyughuta erilhangira bathi simuthalhabira esobya. Eriyitheya linene ng’eryo mulyawathikya okw’ilhangira indi e Biblia yikabya iyine mw’omwatsi owahikire kandi yikasabuka nomuhanabya esyonzighu esyalengaho kutsibu erighunzayoho.

Ng’eky’erileberyako, omo 168 E.K.K., omuthabali Omusuria ya Antiochus IV mwanza erighunzaho esyokopi syosi sy’Amasako w’Ekihebrania esyo angabwene omwa Palestine eyosi. Ekitabu ekikakanaya okwa bya kera eby’Abayuda kikabugha kithi: “Omukunzo wosi-wosi w’emighambo ogho babana ibakathulhangagho n’erihisyagho.” Ekitabu The Jewish Encyclopedia kikabugha kithi: “Abakulhu abahebawa ehamuli y’erithoghothya emikunzo eyi mubakikolha omwa butsurumi . . . Oyukabanika n’ekitabu kibuyirire eki . . . iniakatswerawa olhw’erikwa.” Aliwe esyokopi sy’Amasako musyasabuka omwa Abayuda ababya omwa Palestine n’ababya omwa bindi bihugho.

Abahandiki b’Amasako w’Ekigiriki, kutse “Endaghano Embyaka,” babere bakanaghunza erihandikagho, esyokopi sy’esyobaruha, amaminyereri, n’emyatsi eya kera ebyo basondolibawa erihandika mubyalhuaho ibyusulha omwa bandu. Ng’eky’erileberyako, Yoane ahandikira Enjiri yiwe omwa Efeso kutse hakuhi nayu. Aliwe, akatsweka k’omwa Njiri eyo, ekitsweka ky’ekopi eyo abasomire bakabugha bathi yahandikawa myaka mike oku 50 Yoane alihandikire omwatsi wiwe mukyabanika omwa Misiri mwa haali, ebikumi by’esokilomita. Ebyabumburawa ebyo mubyakangania ngoku Abakristayo ab’omwa bihugho bya haali babya ibanawithe esyokopi esya sondolibawa n’omulimu esy’okwa buthuku obo.

Ekinywe kya Nyamuhanga erighabwa kutsibu nakyo mukyaleka ikyasabuka ebighana bingyi Kristo alisubire elhubulha. Ng’eky’erileberyako, omwangyakya ly’ebiro 23 Okwakabiri omwaka 303 E.K. eryuba likahulhuka, kikabughawa indi Omuthabali Omuroma ya Diocletian mwasamalira abasirikali biwe bakathulhanga esyonyuyi sy’ekanisa n’erihisya esyokopi sy’Amasako. Diocletian mwalengekania athi akendi ghunzaho Ekikristayo omw’ithoghothya amasako wakyo awabuyirire. Ekiro ekyakwamako mwaranga athi esyokopi sy’esyo Biblia esyosi esiri omwa buthabali bwe Roma obwosi sihisibawe. Nomwabine, esindi syokopi sye Biblia musyasabuka kandi syamathasya hulhukibwa. Erithwalira haghuma, ebitsweka binene-binene bibiri by’esyokopi sye Biblia omwa Kigiriki obundi esyahandikawa buthuku buke eriendererya lya Diocletian lyalibere, musyasabuka. Enguma yine e Roma; n’eyindi, yine omw’Ibikiro lye Britain e London, England.

Nomwakine indi sihali emikunzo ey’erimbere-mbere eye Biblia eyabirithabanika, esyongumi sy’esyokopi esyahandikawa omwa byalha esye Biblia eyosi kutse ebitsweka byayu byabirisabuka erihika n’omwa buthuku bwethu. Esindi sy’okw’isyo ni sya kera kutsibu. Mbwino omwatsi owali omwa mikunzo ya kera mwahinduka akakopwa? Oyusomire kutsibu ya W.  H. Green akakania okwa Masako w’Ekihebrania mwabugha athi: “Kihikire eribugha thuthi sihali wundi mwatsi owa kera ow’abirighenda akakopwa ndeke ng’Amasako ayo.” Okwa Masako w’Ekigiriki, omughuma w’okwa bawithe ehamuli okwa mikunzo ye Biblia ya Sir Frederic Kenyon, mwahandika athi: “Embaghane eyiri ahakathi-kathi k’ebiro ebyo Amasako w’erimbere-mbere ahandikirawamu n’ebiro eby’awa kera awaliho lino ni nyike kutsibu indi siyiwithe butsibu, neryo sihali enzumwa eyanga leka thukabya n’erithika-thika lyosi-lyosi, thuthi mbwino Amasako mwathuhikako isyakiri ngoku abya erimbere. Endaghano Embyaka eribya ini Kinywe kya Nyamuhanga kuthya n’obuyiketherwa bwayu bwosi ni kindu ekyangabya ikyabirikakasibwa ndeke.” Mwathasyabugha athi: “Thwangana ligha ndeke-ndeke ngoku e Biblia siyiriyathahinduka. . . . Eki sikyanga bughibwa okwa kitabu kyosi-kyosi kya kera eky’ekihugho.”

Erihindulha e Biblia Omwa Yindi Mibughe

Enzumwa ngulhu eyakabiri eyabirileka e Biblia iyabya kitabu ekyuwene ekya bandu basi kutsibu ly’eribya iyiri omwa mibughe mingyi. Enzumwa eyi yikahambangana n’ekighendererwa kya Nyamuhanga busana n’abandu b’ebihanda byosi n’emibughe yosi eky’erimuminya n’erimuramya “omo kirimu n’ekwenene.”​—Yoane 4:23, 24; Mika 4:2.

Embindulha y’erimbere ey’Amasako w’Ekihebrania eyabya yasibwe y’embindulha y’Ekigiriki eya Septuagint. Yatheghekanibawa busana n’Abayuda ababya bakakania Olhugiriki ababya bikere eyihya we Palestine kandi muyahwa erihandikwa myaka nga 200 Yesu athali atsuka omubiiri wiwe w’erithulira hano h’okwa kihugho. E Biblia eyosi, imwamune n’Amasako w’Ekigiriki, muyahindulhwa omwa mibughe mingyi omwa bighana bike yalihwere. Aliwe enyuma waho, abami n’abahereri b’amadini abanga kolire ekyosi-kyosi omwa buthoki bwabu erilhangira bathi abandu bakathunga e Biblia mubakolha ekiri mbaghane kutsibu okw’ekyo. Mubalengaho erihira ebihangulho byabu omwa mwirimya w’obunyakirimu omw’ithendi lighira Ekinywe kya Nyamuhanga erihindulhwa omwa mibughe eya buli kiro.

Abalhume abathubaha mubanighira Ekanisa n’Egavumente omw’itsama engebe yabu bakahindulha e Biblia omwa mibughe y’abandu. Ng’eky’erileberyako, omwa 1530, William Tyndale omunya England, oyuwasomera e Oxford, mwahulhukya embindulha y’ebitabu bithanu by’erimbere-mbere eby’Amasako w’Ekihebrania. Nomuhanabya erihakanisibwa linene, mwabya mundu w’erimbere erihindulha e Biblia erilhua omwa Kihebrania erisubyayo omwa Lhusungu. Kandi Tyndale yuwabya muhinduli w’erimbere ow’Olhusungu erikolesya erina Yehova. Omusomi we Biblia Omuspaini ya Casiodoro de Reina mughulhu mungyi iniakabya iniane omwa kabi k’erithibwa n’abahakani Abakatuliki akahindulha enguma y’okwa syombindulha sy’erimbere sye Biblia omwa Lhusipanish. Mwaghenda e England, Germany, France, Holland, ne Switzerland akaghunzerera omubiiri wiwe w’erihindulha. *

Munabwire e Biblia yikalholha embere erihindulhwa omwa mibughe mingyi, n’esyomiliyoni sy’esyokopi syayu sinemuhulhukibwa. Iyo erisabuka n’eribya kitabu ekyuwene ekya bandu abasi kutsibu kikakanganaya ekwenene y’ebyo mukwenda Petero asondolibawa erihandika bino: “Ebithi bikuma n’omusanga wabyo akalhaghalha. Nikwa ekinywe ky’Omukama kikakotha.”​—1 Petero 1:24, 25.

[Omwatsi ahikwa]

[Akasanduko/​Ebisasani]

NI MBINDULHA YAHI EYO NANGASOMA?

Emibughe mingyi yiwithe esyombindulha nene sy’esyo Biblia. Esindi sikakolesaya ebinywe ebikalha-kalire, ebya kera. N’esindi syabiryongeramo ebinywe nuku byolhobe erisomwa omwakanya k’erihindulha ebihikire. Kandi n’esindi sikahindulha ekinywe ngoku kyanamabugha, kinywe okwa kinywe.

Embindulha y’Olhusungu eye New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures, eyo Abema ba Yehova bahulhukaya, yahindulhawa erilhua omwa mibughe y’erimbere n’abali okwa komiti y’abahindulhayo mubathanza amena wabu akaminywa. Embindulha eyi, kutsibu-tsibu y’eyabirikolesibwa erihindulha e Biblia omwa yindi mibughe mingyi. Aliwe, abahinduli b’emibughe eyo mubalengaho erilinganisya ndeke emyatsi n’ebiri omwa mubughe w’erimbere. E New World Translation iyikakolesaya ebindi binywe by’omwa mubughe w’erimbere ngoku bine byamabya isibithaherya enzumwa. Abahinduli mubalengaho erilhangira bathi abasomi be Biblia munabwire bakayitheghererayayo ndeke ngoku abasomi bayu b’omwa buthuku bwe Biblia banayitheghererayayo.

Abandi abasomire eby’emibughe babiriyithendya okwa syombindulha sye Biblia esya munabwire​—imwamune ne New World Translation—​erilebya mw’ebinywe eby’omwa masako aw’erimbere ebyathahindulhawa ndeke. Omughuma w’okwa basomire ng’abo ni Jason David BeDuhn, omuprofesa omuwathikya omwa by’edini oyuwasomera e Northern Arizona University omwa United States. Omwa 2003 mwahulhukya ekitabu ky’esyopeji 200 ekihambire okwa ebyo abana akalebya esyo Biblia mwenda “esyo abakabugha Olhusungu bakakolesaya kutsibu.” * Omw’isekulya liwe mwayithendya okwa Masako mangyi agho abasomi bathelighiranako, kundi aho “hangabya ihahatsukira erithendi hambangana omwa syombindulha.” Iniakalinganisaya obul’isako ly’omwa buli mbindulha y’Olhusungu n’erisako ly’Ekigiriki, n’erilebya aho bathethahindulha ekyonyine-nyine ekyo erisako likamanyisaya. Ni byahi ebyo abana?

BeDuhn akabugha athi abandu n’abasomi bangyi be Biblia bakalengekanaya bathi embaghane eyiri omwa New World Translation (NW) yiriho busana n’abahinduli bayu abaghendera okwa malengekania wabu w’edini. Aliwe mwabugha athi: “Esyombaghane nyingyi siriho habw’eribya e NW yihikire ndeke kundi muyahindulhwa ndeke kinywe okwa kinywe.” Nomwakine indi BeDuhn syali lighirana n’ebinywe birebe ebikolesibirwe omwa New World Translation, akabugha athi embindulha eyi “yikalhangirika eribya iy’eyihikire ndeke omwa syombindulha esyabirithalinganisibwa.” Mwahulhayo mw’embindulha “eyuwene kutsibu.”

Dr. Benjamin Kedar, omusomi Omuebrania ow’omwa Israeli, mwabugha ebiri ng’ebyo okwa New World Translation. Omwa 1989 mwabugha athi: “Omubiiri oyu akakanganaya akaghalha akahirawaho ak’eribya mw’okwenene erithoka eriminya ekihikire ekya masako akamanyisaya ngoku anabya. . . . Sindi nathabana omwa New World Translation mw’ekyosi-kyosi ekikabugha ekya masako w’erimbere athemanyisaya.”

Yibulhaye: ‘Ekilhubirirwa kyaghe ky’erisoma e Biblia ni kyahi? Nganza eyolhobire nomuyangabya isiyihikire? Kutse nganza ingasoma emyatsi eyikakanganaya ndeke amasako w’erimbere?’ (2 Petero 1:20, 21) Ekilhubirirwa kyawu ky’ekikendi leka iwathwamu nga wusome embindulha yahi.

[Omwatsi ahikwa]

[Ekisasani]

E “New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures” yine omwa mibughe mingyi

[Ekisasani]

Emikunzo ye Masoreti

[Ekisasani]

Akatsweka akali mw’ebiri omu Luka 12:7, “. . . simubahe, muli b’obughuli bunene kwilhaba obughuli bw’ehinyonyi hingyi”

 [Ahalhuire ekisasani]

Foreground page: National Library of Russia, St. Petersburg; second and third: Bibelmuseum, Münster; background: © The Trustees of the Chester Beatty Library, Dublin